TR2022008760A2 - AN INDUSTRIAL-ADAPTIVE MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR FRYING LOCAL CHEESE - Google Patents

AN INDUSTRIAL-ADAPTIVE MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR FRYING LOCAL CHEESE

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TR2022008760A2
TR2022008760A2 TR2022/008760A TR2022008760A TR2022008760A2 TR 2022008760 A2 TR2022008760 A2 TR 2022008760A2 TR 2022/008760 A TR2022/008760 A TR 2022/008760A TR 2022008760 A TR2022008760 A TR 2022008760A TR 2022008760 A2 TR2022008760 A2 TR 2022008760A2
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cheese
production
curd
local
mengen
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TR2022/008760A
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Turkish (tr)
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Yaman Hülya
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Cheesetech Suet Ve Suet Ueruenleri Tarim Hayvancilik Arastirma Gelistirme Ve Danismanlik Hizmetleri
Cheesetech Süt Ve Süt Ürünleri̇ Tarim Hayvancilik Araştirma Geli̇şti̇rme Ve Danişmanlik Hi̇zmetleri̇ Li̇mi̇ted Şi̇rketi̇
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Abstract

Buluş özellikle mengen peynirinin üretim teknolojisi olarak geliştirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu buluş, peynir üretiminde pıhtı kesiminden sonra fermantasyon işlemi uygulanmayan ve üretim basamaklarında düşük ısıda haşlanarak pıhtısı toplanan peynirlerin üretim teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesinde kullanılabilir. Buluş her ne kadar Mengen Peyniri özelinde bir üretim modeli olarak görülse de uygulanan sistem başka düşük sıcaklıkta haşlama gerektirip yoğurma işlemi gerektirmeyen benzer pasta filata peynirlere de uygulanabilir. Örneğin; süzme bezi kullanılan peynir üretimlerinde buluşta önerilen süzme yöntemi uygulanabilir veya pıhtının kazanda haşlanması ve buradan direk olarak baskıya alınması yine benzer üretim yöntemine sahip peynirlere uygulanabilir.The invention was developed especially as the production technology of mengen cheese. At the same time, this invention can be used in the development of production technologies for cheeses that do not undergo fermentation after curd cutting and whose curd is collected by boiling at low temperatures in the production steps. Although the invention is seen as a production model specific to Mengen Cheese, the applied system can also be applied to similar pastry filata cheeses that do not require kneading but require boiling at another low temperature. For example; Straining method proposed in the invention can be applied in cheese productions using sieve cloth, or boiling the curd in a cauldron and pressing it directly from there can also be applied to cheeses with a similar production method.

Description

TARIFNAME KIZARTMALIK YÖRESEL PEYNIR IçIN ENDÜSTRIYE UYARLANAN BIR ÜRETIM YÖNTEMI TEKNIK ALAN Bulus özellikle Mengen peynirinin üretim teknolojisi olarak gelistirilmistir. Ayni zamanda bu bulus, peynir üretiminde pihti kesiminden sonra fermantasyon islemi uygulanmayan ve üretim basamaklarinda düsük isida haslanarak pihtisi toplanan peynirlerin üretim teknolojilerinin gelistirilmesinde kullanilabilir. Bulus her ne kadar Mengen Peyniri özelinde bir üretim modeli olarak görülse de uygulanan üretim yöntemi düsük sicaklikta haslama gerektirip yogurma islemi gerektirmeyen diger benzer pasta filata peynirlere de uygulanabilir. Örnegin; süzme bezi kullanilan peynir üretimlerinde bulusta önerilen süzme yöntemleri uygulanabilir veya pihtinin kazanda haslanmasi ve buradan direk olarak baskiya alinmasi yine benzer üretim yöntemine sahip peynirlere uygulanabilir. TEKNIGIN BILINEN DURUMU Mengen peyniri çig sütten üretilmekte ve taze olarak tüketilmektedir. Üretim tekniginde çig süt mayalama sicakligina (ortalama 35°C) kadar isitildiktan sonra sirden mayasi ile pihtilastirilmakta ve olusan pihti iri parçalar (pizza dilimleri gibi yaklasik 8 esit parça) olacak sekilde kesildikten sonra biraz bekletilip isitilmaktadir. Elin dayanabilecegi sicakliga kadar isitilirken bir yandan elle toparlanmakta ve toplanan kütle bir beze sarilarak baskilanmaktadir. Bir gece baskilanan peynir kuru tuzlama yapilmakta ve böylece yaklasik 10 günlük raf ömrüne sahip olmaktadir. Mengen peyniri geleneksel yolla üretilmektedir ve endüstriyel düzeyde üretimi yapilmamaktadir. Geleneksel yöntemle Mengen peyniri üretim asamalarinda ve elde edilen son üründe bazi problemlerle karsilasilmaktadir. Bunlar; - Mengen Peyniri çig sütten üretilmekte, taze tüketilmekte ve geleneksel üretim seklinde pastörizasyon normlarini karsilayacak bir isil islem uygulanmamaktadir. Bu nedenle çig sütten gelebilecek patojen bakteriler elimine edilmediginden bölgede peynirden kaynakli Bruselloz gibi mikrobiyel kaynakli hastaliklarin görüldügü bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle halk sagligi için bir tehdit olusturmaktadir. - Bir önceki maddede belirtildigi üzere Mengen Peyniri çig sütten üretim ve taze tüketimden dolayi Türk Gida Kodeksi Peynir Tebligine uymamakta ve mevcut üretim yöntemi ile Tarim Bakanligi'ndan üretim izni alamamaktadir. - Çig sütten üretilmesi, el isçiliginin fazla olmasi ve üretim ekipmanlarindan kontaminasyonu ile toplam mezofilik bakteri ve maya/küf miktarinin da yüksek oldugu bilinmektedir. Bu da gida güvenilirligi riski olusturmaktadir ve ürün kalitesini düsürmektedir. Raf ömrü 7-10 gün kadardir. - Ürün belli üretim parametrelerine göre yapilmadigindan standart bir üretim söz konusu degildir. Ayrica yazin yapilan üretimlerde hava sicakligina göre ürünlerde erime de meydana gelebilmektedir. Peynirin pH derecesi, ürün kalitesi açisindan önem tasimaktadir. - Yogurma ve sekil verme islemleri elle yapilmaktadir. Genelde yuvarlak sekilli kaliplar kullanilarak sekil verilmektedir. - Süzme isleminde hem bez kullanilmasi hem de el isçiliginin fazla olmasindan dolayi üründe mikrobiyal gelisme (özellikle maya-küf gelisimi) söz konusu olmaktadir. - Ürünün raf ömrünü artirmak için göz karari ve fazla miktarda tuz kullanilmaktadir. Bu durum saglik yönünden olumsuzluk teskil etmektedir. - Üretilen ürün bir posete konularak muhafaza edilmekte veya satisa sunulmaktadir. Bu da raf ömrünün kisa olmasinda ayri bir etkendir (Yaklasik 10 - Yapisi homojen degildir. Peynirin üretim sekli, haslama isi ve süresi, pihti kesim boyutu asamalarinda uygulanan parametreler üretimi yapan kisiye göre degistiginden standart bir yapisi yoktur. Geleneksel yolla üretimi yapilan Mengen peynirinin endüstriyel üretimi yapilmamaktadir. Mengen peyniri üretiminde geleneksel yöntem haricinde bilinen usul yoktur. BULUSUN TANIMI Söz konusu bulus, teknigin bilinen durumunda anlatilmis olan dezavantajlari gidermekte ve ihtiyaçlari karsilamaktadir. Söz konusu bulus ile peynirin üretim teknolojisinin gelistirilmesi ve yeni bir üretim modelinin ortaya konmasi sonucunda mevcut sorunlara direk veya dolayli olarak çözüm getirilmektedir. - Mengen Peyniri çig sütten üretilmekte, taze tüketilmekte ve geleneksel üretim seklinde pastörizasyon normlarini karsilayacak bir isil islem uygulanmamaktadir. Bu nedenle çig sütten gelebilecek patojen bakteriler elimine edilmediginden bölgede peynirden kaynakli Bruselloz gibi mikrobiyel kaynakli hastaliklara neden olmustur. Bulus ile sunulan üretim teknolojisinde pastörizasyon normlarinda isil islem uygulanmis ve orijinal özellikler koruyan starter kültür ilavesi ile bu sorun ortadan kaldirilmistir. - Mengen Peyniri çig sütten üretim ve taze tüketimden dolayi Türk Gida Kodeksi Peynir Tebligine uymamakta ve Tarim Bakanligi'ndan üretim izni alamamaktadir. Bulusta önerilen pastörizasyon yöntemi ve takip eden üretim basamaklari ile ürünün üretim izni almasi saglanabilecektir. - Peynirin geleneksel üretiminde el isçiligi fazla yer almakta ve bunlarin yaninda süzme bezi de kullanilmaktaydi. Önerilen üretim yönteminde mümkün oldugunca elle temas, el isçiligi azaltilmis ve ayni zamanda süzme bezi devreden çikarilarak ön süzme ünitesi ile pihtinin toparlanip bir araya getirilmesi önerilerek kontaminasyonlar azaltilmistir. Ayni zamanda gelistirilen üretim modelinde kullanimdan kaldirilan süzme bezi yerine paslanmaz çelik ekipmanlarla islem yapilmasi önerilmektedir. - Geleneksel üretimde peynirler genelde 1 kg'lik agirlikta üretilip yüzeyi kuruduktan sonra poset torbalara konulup pazarda satilmaktadir. Gelistirilen üretim modelinde vakum ambalajlama uygulanarak ürünün raf ömrü yükseltilmistir. Üretim teknolojisi ve vakum ambalajlama ile raf ömrü 7-10 günden 6 aya kadar uzatilmistir. Ayrica daha düsük ambalaj boyutunda üretilmesi mümkündür. - Geleneksel üretimde standart bir üretim söz konusu olmadigindan yazin yapilan üretimlerde hava sicakligina göre ürünlerde erime de meydana gelebilmektedir. Gelistirilen üretim modeli ile üretim parametreleri kontrol altinda tutulup erime problemi çözümlenmistir. - Ürünün raf ömrünü artirmak için fazla miktarda tuz kullanilmaktadir. Önerilen üretim modelinde tuz orani azaltilmistir. - Yapisi homojen degildir. Peynirin üretim sekli, haslama isi ve süresi, pihti kesim boyutu gibi rasgele yapilan üretim basamaklarindan dolayi standart bir yapisi yoktur. Önerilen üretim modeli ile standardizasyon saglanabilmektedir. -Geleneksel yolla üretimi yapilan Mengen peynirinin endüstriyel üretimi yapilmamaktadir. Mengen peyniri üretiminde geleneksel yöntem haricinde bilinen usul yoktur. Gelistirilen üretim modeli ile endüstride büyük ölçekte üretilebilecektir. -Ürünün orijinalliginin korunmasi biyoçesitlilik, bölgeye cografyaya özgünlük ve kirsal kalkinma açisindan önemlidir. Bulus ile önerilen yöntemler araciliyla üretilen üründe orijinal karakteristikleri korunacak ve üretim izni alinabilecek ve ürün ticarilestirilebilecektir. Bulusumuzla ilgili olarak ortaya konan üretim teknolojisinin yaninda son ürünle ilgili olarak diger pasta filata peynirlerden önemli bir farkliligi bulunmaktadir. Genelde pasta filata peynirler eritildiklerinde veya kizartildiklarinda plastik yapi kazanmaktadir. Ancak üretim modelinde sunulan peynirde böyle bir yapi olusmamaktadir. ÇIZIMLERIN KISA AÇIKLAMASI Sekil 1: Söz konusu bulusun temsili sematik görünümü BULUSUN AÇIKLAMASI o Çig süt satin alinmasi Ile baslayan peynir için endüstriye uyarlanan bir üretim yöntemi olup, özelligi; o Klarifikasyon o Standardizasyon o Pastörizasyon o Sogutma ve starter ilavesi o Sirden maya ilavesi ve pihtilasma o Pihti kesimi 3x3, 4x4 cm 0 Pihti isitma (SO-65°C 0 Ön süzme (kesikli ve sürekli olmak üzere iki farkli yöntemle yapilabilmektedir) 0 Kesme ve kaliplara aktarma ve Baskilama (12 saat baski 100 psi) 0 Kuru tuzlama (% 2) o 24 saat çevirerek bekletme +4°C Islem adimlarindan olusmasidir. Söz konusu bulus islem adimlari açiklamalari; o Klarifikasyon; Önceki teknikte sadece süzme bezinden geçirilerek bir temizleme söz konusu iken bulus ile önce fiziksel temizlik yapildiktan sonra deaeratör ile istenmeyen kokularinda uzaklasmasi önerilmektedir. o Standardizasyon; Önceki teknikte herhangi bir yag standardizasyonu yapilmadigindan son üründe standart özellik saglanamamaktadir. Bulus ile ham madde sütte protein/yag orani 0.8/1 olarak belirlenmistir. Son üründe daha yagli bir ürün istenildiginde yag orani artirilabilir. o Pastörizasyon; Süt isletmelerinde genelde kullanilan parametrelerden 72°C 1 dk isil islem yeterli oldugu görülmüstür. 0 Sogutma ve starter ilavesi; Eski yöntemde starter kültür kullanilmamaktadir. Bulus ile pastörizasyon ve deaerayon ile kaybedilen peynire özgü tat ve aromanin geri kazandirilmasi için ön çalismalarla 4 starter grubu bakterinin orijinal özelliklere yakin lezzet profilini sagladigi görülmüstür. Starter 1: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis veya Starter2: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactococcus lactis veya Starter3: Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus paracasei veya Starter4: Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum o Sirden maya ilavesi ve pihtilasma; Ürünün orjinalinde sirden mayasi kullanildigindan bulus kapsaminda ayni pihtilastirici ajanin endüstriyel üretilen formunun kullanilmasi uygun görülmüs ve ilave edilecek oran maya kuvvetine göre pihtilasma süresi 60 dk olacak sekilde ilave edilmistir. Ayrica eski yöntemde yapilmayan ve pastörizasyon ile çözünürlügü azalan CaCl2 Eski yöntemde pihti kesimi, pihtinin sekize bölünmesi ve elle müdahale olmak üzere gelisi güzel olarak kesildigi bilinmektedir. Yeni yöntemde uzaklasan peynir alti suyunun miktarini ve son üründe kuru madde içerigini standardize etmek pihti kesim boyu standart hale getirilmistir. Daha sonra uygulanacak olan süzme islemine göre uygulanmasi gereken pihti kesim boyutu degismektedir. Ön süzme islemleri için presleme yöntemi ile yapilmasi durumunda 3x3 cm pihti kesim boyutu yeterli olurken tambur sisteminde 4x4 cm kesim boyutunun daha uygun oldugu belirlenmistir o Pihti isitma (SO-65°C; Eski yöntemde pihti eli yakmayacak sicakliga kadar isitilmakta bu da en fazla °C'lere ulasmakta idi. Yeni yöntemde pihti standart olarak (SO-65°C ye isitilmasi ve peynir altinin suyunun bu sicaklikta uzaklastirilmasi önerilmektedir. 0 Ön süzme Eski yöntemde bu basamakta süzme bezi (tülbent) kullanilarak peynir alti suyu uzaklastirilmakta idi. Bu asama için kesikli ve sürekli üretim sistemlerine uygun olarak iki ayri süzme yöntemi önerilmektedir. Presleme yöntemiyle yapilan ön süzme yöntemi için yeni yöntemde pihti delik çapi 2mm olan paslanmaz çelik lor peyniri süzme teknesine alinan pihti 2 kere 2 sn 100 psi basinç baski uygulanarak peynir alti suyunun daha iyi uzaklasmasi saglanmistir. Pihti parçaciklari arasinda kalan peynir alti suyunun uzaklasmasi ve homojen yapi olusmasi için 15 dk baski devam edilmistir. (eski yöntemde bulunmamaktadir) Diger ön süzme yönteminde teleme süzme tamburunun kullanilmasi önerilmektedir. lsitilan pihti 7 dk süre ile 20 devir/dakika hiz olacak sekilde tamburdan geçirilerek peynir alti suyunun uzaklasmasi saglanmistir. 0 Kesme ve kaliplara aktarma ve Baskilama (12 saat baski 100 psi); Pihti sicakli 45°C'nin altina inmeden peynir alti suyu uzaklastirilan teleme gramajlari belli kaliplara aktarilarak 12 saat baskiya alinmistir. Presleme yapilan ön süzme yönteminde presten çikan teleme kalip çapina uygun büyüklükte kesilerek küpler halinde kaliplara aktarilmistir. 0 Kuru tuzlama (% 3); Eski yöntemde de kuru tuzlama uygulanmakta ancak miktari belli degildi. Bulus ile kullanilacak tuz miktari standardize edilmisidir. o 24 saat çevirerek bekletme +4°C; Yüzeyin kurumasi için ve tuzun peynir kitlesine geçmesi için 24 saat bekletilirken 12 saat arayla kaliplar ters çevrilmistir. Son olarak vakumlama ile ambalaj uygulanabilir; Eski yöntemde özel bir ambalajlama yöntemi kullanilmadan sirada naylon posetlere koyularak peynir paketlenmekteydi. Yeni yöntemde vakum ambalajlama yapilarak raf ömrüne katkida bulunulmustur. Söz konusu bulus üretim parametreleri genel bilgi; Mengen Peynirinin endüstriye uyarlanmis üretim yöntemi ekli sekilde verilmis olup üretimin açiklamasi asagida yer almaktadir. Peynir üretimi için kullanilan sütün ideal protein/yag orani 0.8/1 olarak ayarlandiktan sonra süte 72°C'de yaklasik 1 dk isil islem uygulanmis, sonra hizli bir sekilde 35°C'ye sogutulmustur. Bu sicaklikta %0.02 kalsiyum klorür ve starter kültür (Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus Iactis veya Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactococcus Iactis veya Lactococcus Iactis, Lactobacillus paracasei veya Lactococcus Iactis, Lactobacillus plantarum) ilave edilip süt mayalama sicakligina gelince 60 dakikada pihtilasma meydana gelecek sekilde sirden mayasi ilave edilerek pihtilasmaya birakilmistir. Bu asamada sütün pH degeri son üründeki erime özelligini etkilediginden önemlidir, bu nedenle ideal pH degerine ulasmak için ilave edilecek starter kültür miktari belirlenmis ve %1 olduguna karar verilmistir. Yaz dönemlerinde pH degerine dikkat edilemediginden peynirde erime özelligi de gelismektedir. Son ürün pH degeri 6.0 degerinin üzerinde olmalidir. Mengen peyniri üretiminde ideal tekstürel yapi ve kuru madde oranini belirlemek amaciyla farkli pihti kesim boyutlari ve peynir alti suyunu uzaklastirma yöntemleri üzerine çalismalar yapilmistir. Pihti kesim boyutu nihai üründeki tekstürel yapi, pH degeri, kuru madde ve yag oraninin direk etkilediginden öncelikle bu konuda çalismalar yapilmis sonuçta pihti kesim boyutu 3x3 cm olarak saptanmistir. Geleneksel yöntemde pihtinin 8 parçaya veya boyut önemsenmeden iri karelere bölündügü için son ürünün karakteristik özellikleri farkli olmakta ve standart ürün çikmamaktadir. Pihti belirlenen boyutlarda kesildikten sonra peynir alti suyu ayrilana kadar 10-15 dk bekletilmis ve yavasça isitilmaya baslanilmistir. Aralikli olarak pihti ve peynir alti suyu yavasça karistirilarak pihtilarin birbirine yapismasi önlenmistir. Peynir alti suyu sicakligi 60°C'ye ulasinca isitma islemi tamamlanip pihti ön süzme isleminin yapilacagi baski sistemine alinmistir. Geleneksel üründe isitma islemi el yakmayacak sicakliga kadar yapilmakta ve pihti gelisigüzel elle bir araya getirilmektedir. Böylece tekstürel yapida standart üretim saglanamamaktadir. Önerilen üretim modelinde pihti farkli sicakliklara kadar haslanmis ve ideal sicakligin 60°C oldugu belirlenmistir. Ideal baski yöntem ve süresi üzerine ön çalismalar yapilmis ve presleme ve tambur yöntemi olmak üzere iki ayri süzme yöntemi önerilmistir. Presleme yönteminde kesikli basinç islemlerinin daha uygun oldugu belirlenmistir. Peynir alti suyu bir yandan uzaklasirken üzerine 100 Psi basinç 2 kere 1 sn gibi çok kisa süre uygulandiktan sonra 15 dk süre ile sabit 100 psi basinç uygulanmaya devam edilmistir. Teleme sogumadan (en düsük 45 °C) kesilerek istenilen ebatlardaki kaliplara alinmis ve 12 saat süre ile 100 psi basinç uygulanmaya devam edilmistir. Geleneksel yöntemde haslanan teleme bez ile sarilmakta ve üzerine taslar koyularak yine standart olmayan bir baskilama süre ve yöntemi uygulanmaktaydi. Tambur süzme yönteminde ise isitilan pihti 7 dk süre ile 20 devir/dakika olacak sekilde tamburdan geçirilerek peynir alti suyunun uzaklasmasi saglanmistir. Suyu uzaklastirilan pihti/teleme kaliplara alinarak diger yöntemde oldugu gibi 12 saat süre ile 100 psi basinç uygulanmistir. Baskidan çikarilan ürün üzerine kuru tuzlama yapilarak 1 gün süre ile +4°C de bekletilmis ve bu esnada peynir kaliplari çevrilerek tüm yüzeylerin kurumasi saglanmistir. Peynir kaliplari vakum pakete alinarak depolanmistir. Geleneksel üretimde de kuru tuzlama yapilmakta ancak tuzlama sonrasi posetlere koyulmakta ve daha kisa olmaktadir. Geleneksel ürünün raf ömrü 7-10 gün iken bulus ile raf ömrü 6 aya kadar uzatilabilmistir. Bulus ile pastörizasyon elimine edilen laktik asit bakterilerine en yakin ve uygun starter kültür kombinasyonunun belirlenmesiyle ürünün orijinal karakteristikleri korunmaya çalisilmistir. Geleneksel yöntemle yapilan ürün, resmi kurumlardan üretim izni alamaz iken ürün yeni üretim modeli ile ilgili kurumlardan üretim izni alabilecektir. Yeni üretim modelinde üretim süreci boyunca ürünün pH degeri, pihti kesimi, sicakliklar, tat, aroma, tekstürel yapisi kontrollü sartlarda yapilan üretim ile standardize edilmistir. Deaerasyon ve pastörizasyon ile kaybedilen orijinal tat ve aromanin geri kazanilmasi için uygun starter kültür kombinasyonu olarak asagida belirtilen 4 ayri starter grubunun orijinal lezzete en yakin tat ve aromayi sagladigi belirlenmis olup üretim modelinde daha çok Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactococcus lactis kullanimi tercih edilmistir. o Starter1: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus Iactis o Starter2: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactococcus Iactis o Starter3: Lactococcus Iactis, Lactobacillus paracasei o Starter4: Lactococcus Iactis, Lactobacillus plantarum Pihti kesim boyutu ve kazanda el isçiligi olmadan isil islem uygulamasi bulusta ortaya konan diger konudur. Küçük kesim boyutunda verim kaybi artmakta büyük kesim boyutunda ise peynir alti suyu uzaklasmasi zorlastigindan peynirde su kalmakta ve dilimlenme, raf ömrü, peynirde erime gibi sorunlar yaratmaktadir. Bu nedenle pihti kesim boyutu bu peynirin üretim teknolojisine özgü olarak belirlenmistir. Süzme yöntemi olarak süzme bezi yerine 2 mm çapinda deliklere sahip süzme sisteminin kullanilarak bir ön süzme yapilmasi ve ardindan telemenin kesilip kaliplara alinmasi ve ana süzmenin yapilmasi diger bir korumaya alinmasi gereken bir üretim basamagidir. Tambur süzme yönteminde 7 dk süre ile 20 devir/dk hizda süzme uygulanmasi korumaya alinmasi gereken bir parametredir. Tuzlama yöntemi olarak geleneksel yöntemde pihti kesim sonrasi uygulanan tuz ilavesi peynir alti suyunun uzaklastirilmasi zorlastirdigindan yeni üretim modelinde sadece kuru tuzlama yapilmasi korunmasi gereken diger bir basamaktir. Son üründeki pH degeri 6.0 'in altina inmemelidir. Nihai üründe pH degerinin 6.0 in altina düsmesi durumunda peynirin kizartilma asamasinda erime meydana gelmektedir. Bu nedenle raf ömrü boyunda pH degerindeki düsmeler de göz önünde tutuldugunda starter kültür miktarinin da %1 tutuldugu kabul edildiginde son üründe pH 6.2 ile 6.4 arasinda degisecektir. Standart bir üretim saglanmasindan dolayi raf ömrünün uzatilmasi saglanan baska bir yenilik tir. Geleneksel yöntemde peynirler posetlerde satilmaktadir. Önerilen üretim modelinde vakum ambalajlama ile hem raf ömrü açisindan destek olmaktadir. TR TR TR DESCRIPTION A PRODUCTION METHOD ADAPTED TO THE INDUSTRY FOR LOCAL FRIED CHEESE TECHNICAL FIELD The invention was developed specifically as a production technology for Mengen cheese. At the same time, this invention can be used in the development of production technologies of cheeses in which the fermentation process is not applied after the curd cutting in cheese production and whose curds are collected by boiling at low temperatures during the production stages. Although the invention is seen as a production model specifically for Mengen Cheese, the applied production method can also be applied to other similar paste cheeses that require boiling at low temperatures and do not require kneading. For example; In cheese production using filter cloth, the filtering methods suggested in the invention can be applied, or boiling the curd in the boiler and pressing it directly from there can be applied to cheeses with similar production methods. KNOWN STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE Mengen cheese is produced from raw milk and consumed fresh. In the production technique, after raw milk is heated to fermentation temperature (average 35°C), it is coagulated with sirden yeast and the resulting curd is cut into large pieces (approximately 8 equal pieces, like pizza slices), then left to wait for a while and heated. While it is heated to a temperature that the hand can withstand, it is collected by hand and the collected mass is pressed by wrapping it in a cloth. The cheese, which is pressed overnight, is dry salted and thus has a shelf life of approximately 10 days. Mengen cheese is produced traditionally and is not produced at an industrial level. Some problems are encountered in the production stages of Mengen cheese with the traditional method and in the final product obtained. These; - Mengen Cheese is produced from raw milk, consumed fresh, and no heat treatment is applied to meet pasteurization norms in traditional production method. For this reason, since pathogenic bacteria that may come from raw milk are not eliminated, it is known that microbial diseases such as cheese-related Brucellosis are seen in the region. Therefore, it poses a threat to public health. - As stated in the previous article, Mengen Cheese does not comply with the Turkish Food Codex Cheese Communiqué due to its production from raw milk and fresh consumption and cannot obtain a production permit from the Ministry of Agriculture with its current production method. - It is known that the total amount of mesophilic bacteria and yeast/mould is high due to its production from raw milk, excessive manual labor and contamination from production equipment. This poses a food safety risk and reduces product quality. Shelf life is about 7-10 days. - Since the product is not made according to certain production parameters, there is no standard production. Additionally, in summer productions, products may melt depending on the air temperature. The pH level of cheese is important in terms of product quality. - Kneading and shaping processes are done manually. It is generally shaped using round shaped moulds. - Due to the use of cloth and the high amount of manual labor involved in the filtering process, microbial development (especially yeast and mold growth) is possible in the product. - To increase the shelf life of the product, discretion and large amounts of salt are used. This situation is negative in terms of health. - The produced product is placed in a bag and preserved or offered for sale. This is another factor in the short shelf life (Approximately 10 - Its structure is not homogeneous. Since the parameters applied in the production method, boiling temperature and time, curd cutting size of the cheese vary depending on the person producing it, it does not have a standard structure. Industrial production of Mengen cheese, which is produced in the traditional way There is no known method other than the traditional method in the production of Mengen cheese. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention in question eliminates the disadvantages and meets the needs described in the known state of the art. With the invention in question, the existing problems are directly or indirectly solved as a result of the development of the production technology of cheese and the introduction of a new production model. - Mengen Cheese is produced from raw milk, consumed fresh, and in the traditional production method, no heat treatment is applied to meet pasteurization norms. For this reason, since the pathogenic bacteria that may come from raw milk are not eliminated, it has caused microbial diseases such as cheese-borne Brucellosis in the region. In the production technology presented with the invention, heat treatment was applied in accordance with pasteurization norms and this problem was eliminated by adding starter culture that preserves the original properties. - Mengen Cheese does not comply with the Turkish Food Codex Cheese Communiqué due to its production from raw milk and fresh consumption and cannot receive production permission from the Ministry of Agriculture. With the pasteurization method suggested in the invention and the following production steps, it will be possible for the product to obtain a production permit. - In the traditional production of cheese, hand craftsmanship was a lot and in addition to these, straining cloth was also used. In the proposed production method, manual contact and manual labor are reduced as much as possible, and at the same time, contaminations are reduced by deactivating the filter cloth and recommending the pre-filtering unit and the clot to be collected and brought together. At the same time, in the developed production model, it is recommended to use stainless steel equipment instead of the obsolete filter cloth. - In traditional production, cheeses are generally produced in 1 kg weight and after the surface dries, they are placed in plastic bags and sold in the market. The shelf life of the product has been increased by applying vacuum packaging in the developed production model. With production technology and vacuum packaging, the shelf life has been extended from 7-10 days to 6 months. It is also possible to produce it in a smaller package size. - Since there is no standard production in traditional production, products may melt depending on the air temperature in summer production. With the developed production model, production parameters were kept under control and the melting problem was solved. - Large amounts of salt are used to increase the shelf life of the product. In the proposed production model, the salt content is reduced. - Its structure is not homogeneous. Cheese does not have a standard structure due to random production steps such as production method, boiling temperature and time, and curd cutting size. Standardization can be achieved with the proposed production model. -There is no industrial production of Mengen cheese, which is produced in the traditional way. There is no known method in the production of Mengen cheese other than the traditional method. With the developed production model, it can be produced on a large scale in the industry. -Preserving the originality of the product is important in terms of biodiversity, uniqueness to the region and geography and rural development. The original characteristics of the product produced by the methods proposed with the invention will be preserved and production permission can be obtained and the product can be commercialized. In addition to the production technology put forward regarding our invention, there is a significant difference from other pasta filata cheeses regarding the final product. In general, pastry filata cheeses gain a plastic structure when melted or fried. However, such a structure does not occur in the cheese offered in the production model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1: Representative schematic view of the invention in question DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION o It is a production method adapted to the industry for cheese, which starts with the purchase of raw milk, and its feature is; o Clarification o Standardization o Pasteurization o Cooling and starter addition o Yeast addition and coagulation o Curd cutting 3x3, 4x4 cm 0 Curd heating (SO-65°C 0 Pre-filtering (can be done with two different methods, batch and continuous) 0 Cutting and Transfer to molds and Pressing (12 hours pressure 100 psi) 0 Dry salting (2%) o 24 hours turning and holding +4°C Process steps of the invention in question: o Clarification; In the previous technique, there was only cleaning by passing through a filter cloth. However, with the invention, it is recommended to first carry out physical cleaning and then remove unwanted odors with a deaerator. o Standardization; Since there was no oil standardization in the previous technique, standard features cannot be achieved in the final product. With the invention, the protein/fat ratio in the raw material milk was determined as 0.8/1. The final product is more If a fatty product is desired, the fat rate can be increased. o Pasteurization: One of the parameters generally used in dairy farms, 72°C 1 minute heat treatment has been found to be sufficient. 0 Cooling and starter addition; In the old method, starter culture is not used. With the invention of the invention, preliminary studies have shown that 4 starter groups of bacteria provide a flavor profile close to the original characteristics in order to restore the unique taste and aroma of cheese lost through pasteurization and deaeration. Starter 1: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis or Starter2: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactococcus lactis or Starter3: Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus paracasei or Starter4: Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum o Addition of yeast from the sir and coagulation; Since sirden yeast was used in the original of the product, it was deemed appropriate to use the industrially produced form of the same coagulating agent within the scope of the invention, and the rate to be added was added according to the yeast strength so that the coagulation time was 60 minutes. In addition, CaCl2, which was not done in the old method and whose solubility decreased with pasteurization, is known to be cut randomly in the old method, including cutting the clot, dividing the clot into eight parts, and manual intervention. In the new method, curd cutting length has been standardized in order to standardize the amount of whey removed and the dry matter content in the final product. The clot cutting size that needs to be applied varies depending on the filtration process to be applied later. While 3x3 cm clot cutting size is sufficient for pre-filtration processes if done by pressing method, it has been determined that 4x4 cm cutting size is more suitable in the drum system. In the new method, it is recommended to heat the curd to (SO-65°C) as a standard and to remove the whey at this temperature. 0 Pre-filtering In the old method, at this stage, the whey was removed by using a filter cloth (cheesecloth). For this stage, a continuous and two separate filtration methods are recommended in accordance with continuous production systems. For the pre-filtration method performed by the pressing method, in the new method, the curd is taken into a stainless steel curd cheese straining vessel with a curd hole diameter of 2 mm and 100 psi pressure is applied 2 times for 2 seconds to ensure better removal of whey. Pressing was continued for 15 minutes to remove the whey remaining between the curd particles and to form a homogeneous structure. (not available in the old method) In the other pre-filtering method, it is recommended to use a curd straining drum. The heated curd was passed through the drum for 7 minutes at a speed of 20 rpm to remove the whey. 0 Cutting and transfer to molds and Printing (12 hours pressure 100 psi); Before the temperature of the curd dropped below 45°C, the grams of curd, from which whey was removed, were transferred to certain molds and pressed for 12 hours. In the pre-filtering method, the curd coming out of the press was cut into sizes appropriate to the mold diameter and transferred to the molds in the form of cubes. 0 Dry salting (3%); In the old method, dry salting was also applied, but the amount was not clear. With the invention, the amount of salt to be used is standardized. o 24 hours rotating at +4°C; The molds were turned upside down every 12 hours while the molds were kept for 24 hours for the surface to dry and for the salt to pass into the cheese mass. Finally, packaging can be applied by vacuuming; In the old method, cheese was packaged by placing it in nylon bags without using a special packaging method. In the new method, vacuum packaging was used to increase shelf life. General information about the invention production parameters in question; The industrially adapted production method of Mengen Cheese is given below and the description of the production is given below. After the ideal protein/fat ratio of the milk used for cheese production was set as 0.8/1, the milk was heat treated at 72°C for approximately 1 minute and then quickly cooled to 35°C. At this temperature, 0.02% calcium chloride and starter culture (Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus Iactis or Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactococcus Iactis or Lactococcus Iactis, Lactobacillus paracasei or Lactococcus Iactis, Lactobacillus plantarum) were added and milk was added. fermentation When it reached the temperature, sirden yeast was added and left to coagulate so that coagulation would occur in 60 minutes. At this stage, the pH value of the milk is important as it affects the solubility of the final product, so the amount of starter culture to be added to reach the ideal pH value was determined and it was decided to be 1%. Since the pH value is not taken into consideration during the summer months, the melting feature of the cheese also develops. The final product pH value must be above 6.0. In order to determine the ideal textural structure and dry matter ratio in Mengen cheese production, studies were conducted on different curd cutting sizes and whey removal methods. Since the clot cutting size directly affects the textural structure, pH value, dry matter and fat ratio in the final product, studies were carried out on this subject and as a result, the clot cutting size was determined as 3x3 cm. In the traditional method, since the clot is divided into 8 pieces or large squares regardless of size, the characteristics of the final product are different and a standard product is not produced. After cutting the curd into the determined sizes, it was left for 10-15 minutes until the whey was separated and started to be heated slowly. The curds and whey were gently mixed intermittently to prevent the curds from sticking to each other. When the whey temperature reached 60°C, the heating process was completed and the curd was transferred to the printing system where pre-filtering was carried out. In the traditional product, the heating process is done to a temperature that will not burn your hands, and the clot is brought together randomly by hand. Thus, standard production in textural structure cannot be achieved. In the proposed production model, the curd was boiled at different temperatures and the ideal temperature was determined to be 60°C. Preliminary studies were carried out on the ideal pressing method and duration, and two separate filtration methods were proposed: pressing and drum method. It has been determined that intermittent pressure processes are more suitable in the pressing method. While the whey was being removed, 100 psi pressure was applied twice for a very short time, such as 1 second, and then a constant 100 psi pressure was continued for 15 minutes. The curd was cut before it cooled (minimum 45 °C) and put into molds of the desired size, and 100 psi pressure continued to be applied for 12 hours. In the traditional method, the boiled curd was wrapped with cloth and stones were placed on it, and a non-standard pressing time and method was applied. In the drum filtration method, the heated curd was passed through the drum for 7 minutes at 20 rpm to remove the whey. The water-removed curd/curd was placed in molds and 100 psi pressure was applied for 12 hours, as in the other method. Dry salting was applied to the product removed from the press and it was kept at +4°C for 1 day, and during this time, the cheese molds were turned and all surfaces were dried. Cheese molds were stored in vacuum packages. In traditional production, dry salting is also done, but after salting, it is placed in bags and is shorter. While the shelf life of the traditional product is 7-10 days, the shelf life of the traditional product can be extended to 6 months with the invention. With the invention, the original characteristics of the product were tried to be preserved by determining the starter culture combination closest to and suitable for the lactic acid bacteria eliminated by pasteurization. While the product made with the traditional method cannot receive production permission from official institutions, the product will be able to obtain production permission from the relevant institutions with the new production model. In the new production model, the pH value, clot fraction, temperatures, taste, aroma and textural structure of the product throughout the production process are standardized by production under controlled conditions. It has been determined that the following 4 different starter groups provide the taste and aroma closest to the original taste as the appropriate starter culture combination to recover the original taste and aroma lost through deaeration and pasteurization, and the use of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis has been preferred in the production model. o Starter1: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus Iactis o Starter2: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactococcus Iactis o Starter3: Lactococcus Iactis, Lactobacillus paracasei o Starter4: Lactococcus Iactis, Lactobacillus plantarum Curd cutting size and heat treatment application without manual labor in the boiler are other issues revealed in the invention. Yield loss increases in small cut sizes, and in large cut sizes, whey removal becomes difficult and water remains in the cheese, creating problems such as slicing, shelf life, and melting of the cheese. For this reason, the clot cutting size has been determined specific to the production technology of this cheese. As a filtering method, a preliminary filtering is done by using a filtering system with 2 mm diameter holes instead of a filtering cloth, and then cutting the curd and putting it into molds and performing the main filtering is another production step that needs to be protected. In the drum filtration method, filtration at 20 rpm for 7 minutes is a parameter that should be protected. Since the addition of salt applied after curd cutting in the traditional method of salting makes it difficult to remove whey, only dry salting in the new production model is another step that must be protected. The pH value in the final product should not fall below 6.0. If the pH value of the final product falls below 6.0, melting occurs during the frying phase of the cheese. Therefore, considering the decreases in pH value during shelf life, assuming that the amount of starter culture is kept at 1%, the pH in the final product will vary between 6.2 and 6.4. Another innovation is the extension of shelf life due to standard production. In the traditional method, cheeses are sold in plastic bags. In the recommended production model, vacuum packaging supports both shelf life.TR TR TR

Claims (4)

1.ISTEMLER o Çig süt satin alinmasi ile baslayan kizartmalik yöresel peynir için endüstriye uyarlanan bir üretim yöntemi olup, özelligi; o Klarifikasyon o Standardizasyon o Pastörizasyon o Sogutma ve starter ilavesi o Sirden maya ilavesi ve pihtilasma o Pihti kesimi 3x3 cm veya 4X4 cm 0 Pihti isitma (SO-65°C 0 Ön süzme Presleme teknesine alma ve kisa süreli baskilama (2 kere 2 sn baski 100 psi) ardindan Ön süzme teknesinde baski (15 dk baskilama 100 psi) Tamburdan 7 dk 20 devir/dk hizda süzme 0 Kesme ve kaliplara aktarma ve Baskilama (12 saat baski 100 psi) 0 Kuru tuzlama (% 2) o 24 saat çevirerek bekletme +4°C Islem adimlarindan olusmasidir. .1.CLAIMERS o It is a production method adapted to the industry for local fried cheese, which starts with the purchase of raw milk, and its feature is; o Clarification o Standardization o Pasteurization o Cooling and starter addition o Yeast addition and coagulation o Curd cutting 3x3 cm or 4X4 cm 0 Curd heating (SO-65°C 0 Pre-filtering Transfer to the pressing vessel and short-term pressing (2 times 2 sec pressure 100 psi) then pressure in the pre-filtering vessel (15 min suppression 100 psi) Filtering from the drum for 7 min at 20 rpm 0 Cutting and transferring to molds and pressing (12 hours pressure 100 psi) 0 Dry salting (2%) o 24 hours turning and holding It consists of +4°C processing steps. 2.Istem 1'de bahsedilen kizartmalik yöresel peynir için endüstriye uyarlanan bir üretim yöntemi olup, özelligi; islemde mengen peyniri tercih edilmesidir.2. It is a production method adapted to the industry for the local fried cheese mentioned in Claim 1, and its feature is; Mengen cheese is preferred in the process. 3.Istem 1'de bahsedilen kizartmalik yöresel peynir için endüstriye uyarlanan bir üretim yöntemi olup, özelligi; son islem adimindan sonra vakumlama ile ambalajlama yapilmasidir.3. It is a production method adapted to the industry for the local fried cheese mentioned in Claim 1, and its feature is; After the last processing step, packaging is done by vacuuming. 4. Istem 1'de bahsedilen kizartmalik yöresel peynir için endüstriye uyarlanan bir üretim yöntemi olup, özelligi; starter ilavesi olarak Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis veya Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactococcus lactis veya Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus paracasei veya Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum kullanimi tercih edilmesidir. TR TR TR4. It is a production method adapted to the industry for the local fried cheese mentioned in Claim 1, and its feature is; Streptococcus salivarius subsp. as a starter addition. thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis or Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactococcus lactis or Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus paracasei or Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum is preferred. TR TR TR
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