TR201907070A2 - RECYCLING METHOD OF SMOKING ISMARITES - Google Patents

RECYCLING METHOD OF SMOKING ISMARITES Download PDF

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TR201907070A2
TR201907070A2 TR2019/07070A TR201907070A TR201907070A2 TR 201907070 A2 TR201907070 A2 TR 201907070A2 TR 2019/07070 A TR2019/07070 A TR 2019/07070A TR 201907070 A TR201907070 A TR 201907070A TR 201907070 A2 TR201907070 A2 TR 201907070A2
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cigarette butts
mixture
cigarette
recycling method
accordance
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TR2019/07070A
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Turkish (tr)
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Kalabak Fevzi̇
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Kalabak Fevzi̇
Fevzi Kalabak
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Priority to TR2019/07070A priority Critical patent/TR201907070A2/en
Publication of TR201907070A2 publication Critical patent/TR201907070A2/en
Priority to PCT/TR2020/050057 priority patent/WO2020231362A1/en
Priority to EP20806289.3A priority patent/EP3966278A4/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/70Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Bu buluş en temel olarak içerisinde arsenik, kadmiyum, formaldehit, aseton, bütan, terebentin, propilen, glikol, kurşun, nikel, karbon monoksit, amonyak ve birçok zararlı madde bulunduran sigara izmaritlerinden bu toksik maddelerin arındırılarak, ilgili maddelerin etanol ile karıştırılması sonucu performansı yüksek yakıt maddesi elde edilmesi ile ilgilidir.This invention is basically purified from cigarette butts containing arsenic, cadmium, formaldehyde, acetone, butane, turpentine, propylene, glycol, lead, nickel, carbon monoxide, ammonia and many harmful substances, and has a high performance by mixing the related substances with ethanol. It is about obtaining fuel material.

Description

TARIFNAME SIGARA IZMARITLERININ GERI DÖNÜSÜM YÖNTEMI Bulusun Konusu ve Teknik Alan Bu bulus canlilar ve doga için zararli binlerce farkli toksik madde bulunduran sigara izmaritlerinin içerisindeki katranin yakit olarak kullanilan etanol ile karistirilarak geri dönüstürülmesi yöntemi ile ilgilidir. Teknigin Bilinen Durumu Tütün maddesinin ilk olarak Amerika kitasinin yerlileri tarafindan tedavi ve dini amaçlarla üretiminin yapildigi bilinmektedir. 1492 yilinda Amerika'nin kesfiyle birlikte Kristof Kolomb ve arkadaslarinin ellerinde duman tüten çubuklarla dönmeleri ile eski dünya insanlarinin da tütünle tanismis olduklari bilinmektedir. Tütünün keyif verici olarak kullanilmaya baslanmasindan sonra tüketimi hizla artmistir. Çesitli sebepler ileri sürülerek belirli zamanlarda ülkelerde tütün kullanimina çesitli kisitlamalar ve yasaklar getirilmistir. Tütün kullanilmasina karsi konulari yasaklama ve ölüm cezalari çok sayida insanin ölümüne sebep olmus, buna ragmen insanlartütün kullanmaya devam etmislerdir. Devletlerin tütünden elde edecekleri geliri fark etmeleri ve bu gelirin önemli bir miktarda olmasi nedeniyle tütün kullanimi ve tarimi tesvik edilmistir. Böylece devletler tütünden çesitli vergiler almaya imtiyaz ve tekeller kurmaya baslamislardir. Tütünün zevk amaciyla çesitli sekillerde kullanildigi bilinmektedir. Tütünün herhangi bir filtreleme isleminden geçmeden dogrudan tüketimi oldugu gibi, özellikle sigaralarla birlikte filtreli olarak tüketilmesi gerçeklesmektedir. Sigara özellikle görsel olarak bulasici bir salgin olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Sigara içerisinde bulunan baslica kimyasallar polonyum- 210 (kanserojen), radon (radyasyon), metanol (füze yakiti), toluen (tiner), kadmiyum (akü metali), bütan (tüp gaz), ddt (böcek öldürücü), hidrojen siyanür (gaz odalari zehri), aseton (oje sökücü), naftalin (güve kovucu), hidrojen siyanür (gaz odalari zehri), arsenik (fare zehri), amonyak (tuvalet temizleyicisi), karbon monoksit (egzoz gazi), katran (zift) nikotin ve 3.884 toksik maddedir. Basta insan sagligi olmak üzere, diger canlilara ve dogaya verdigi tahribat çok yüksektir. Dünya genelinde sigara tüketimi, havaya yilda yaklasik olarak 2,6 milyar kilogram karbondioksit, 5,2 milyar kilogram da metan gazi salinmasina sebep olmaktadir. Atmosfere karisan bu zehirli partiküller, havada saatlerce asili kalabilmekte ve atmosferin hava kalitesini düsürmektedir. Atmosferde yasanan bu kirlilik, kalp, damar hastaliklarina, akciger fonksiyonu bozukluklarina ve akciger kanserine ve neden olmaktadir. Her yil üretilen, 6 trilyon sigara izmariti toksik çöp seklinde deniz ve okyanuslara karisarak, deniz yasami için agir bir tehdit olusturmaktadir. Tek bir sigara izmaritinin tamamen çözünebilmesi, 10 yil sürmektedir. Sigara dumaninin filtrelendigi izmarit, selülozik asetattan olusmaktadir. Sigara içimi sirasinda tütünden yayilan gazlar bu filtreden geçerek agza alinmakta ve zehirli gazi bulunduran izmaritler dogaya atilmaktadir. Dünya genelinde sigara izmaritlerinin toplanmasi, geri dönüstürülmesi ve dogaya verdigi zararin azaltilabilmesi için çesitli çalismalar ve projeler yürütülmüstür. Avustralya'da bulunan Royal Melbourne Teknoloji Enstitüsünde Abbas Mohajerani önderligindeki bir grup arastirmaci izmaritlerin içindeki zehirli maddelerin çevreye sizmasini önlemek için bitüm ve parafin mumu kullanarak izole edilmesini saglamislardir. Izole edilen izmaritler sicak asfalt karisimi ile karistirilarak isi iletkenligi az olan betonumsu, yogun ve dayanikli bir yapi elde edilmistir. Üretilen bu yapi yollarda kullanilmistir. Brezilya'da ise Mark Poiato önderliginde bir grup arastirmaci izmaritin süngerinden kâgit yapimini gerçeklestirmislerdir. Bu islemi izmaritin içerisindeki katrani yikama ile ayristirarak kagidim hammaddesi olan selülozu ortaya çikarmislardir. sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsümü için bir yöntemden bahsedilmektedir. Sigara filtreleri tütün ve kimyasal maddelerden ayristirilarak geri dönüsüme kazandirilmaktadir. EP2520184 numarali Avrupa patent basvurusunda yine sigara izmaritlerinin selülozik filtre kisminin kimyasallardan arindirilarak geri dönüsüme kazandirilmasini saglayan yöntemden bahsedilmektedir. CN108807014 numarali Çin patent basvurusunda ise atilan sigara izmaritlerinin kullanilarak bir süperkapasitör elektrot materyali hazirlama yönteminden bahsedilmektedir. Yöntem, atilan sigara izmaritlerini dogranmasi, dogranmis sigara izmaritlerini suya batirilmasi, dogranmis sigara izmaritlerini ön karbonizasyon için yüksek basinçli reaksiyon kazanina aktarilmasi ve daha sonra santrifüjleme, yikama ve kurutma islemlerinin asamalarini içermektedir. Atilan sigara izmaritleri kullanilarak hazirlanan süperkapasitör elektrot materyali, gözenekli yapiya sahiptir, oksijen bakimindan zengin bir islevsel gruba sahiptir ve ultra yüksek spesifik yüzey alanina ve yüksek azot dozuna sahiptir, böylece materyal süperkapasitör elektrot malzemesi olarak kullanildiginda yüksek kapasitans, iyi hiz performansi ve ultra yüksek çevrim stabilizesi saglamaktadir. Yukarida bahsedilen patentlerde de görüldügü üzere teknigin bilinen durumunda sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüstürülmesi kapsaminda çesitli çalismalar ve patentler bulunmaktadir. Fakat mevcut yöntemler genellikle, sigara izmaritinin selülozik asetattan mamul filtre kisminin dönüstürülmesine yöneliktir. Filtre içerisinde yer alan sigara katraninin ayristirilarak yüksek performansli yakit elde edilmesine yönelik bir çalisma veya patente rastlanmamistir. Bulusun Çözümünü Amaçladigi Teknik Problemler Bulus konusu sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi ile içerisinde arsenik, kadmiyum, formaldehit, aseton, bütan, terebentin, propilen, glikol, kursun, nikel, karbon monoksit, amonyak ve birçok zararli madde bulunduran sigara izmaritlerinden bu toksik maddelerin arindirilarak, performansi yüksek yakit maddesi elde edilmesi ve bunun sonucunda çevreye atilmasindan kaynakli basta insan ve diger canlilara verdigi zararin önlenmesi amaçlanmaktadir. Bulus konusu yöntemin avantajlarindan bir tanesi dünyada yillik olarak tüketilen ortalama 6 trilyon sigaranin dumaninin atmosfere verdigi zararin yani sira, sigara içiminden sonra biyobozunur olamayan selüloz asetat temelli ve zararli agir metal içeren sigara izmaritlerinin deniz, okyanus, toprak ve yeralti sularina karismasi sonucu canlilara ve dogaya verdigi Bulus konusu yöntemin diger bir avantaji ise her yil dünya genelinde 17 bin insan ve sayisiz canlinin sigara yüzünden meydana gelen yanginlar sonucu hayatini kaybetmesinin önüne geçilecek olmasidir. Bunun yani sira sigara kaynakli yanginlarin yilda 27 milyar dolari askin mali zarara sebep oldugu bilinmekte olup, söz konusu yöntem sigara izmaritlerinin toplanmasi amaçlandigi için bu hasar da azaltilmis olacaktir. Bulus konusu yöntemin baska bir avantaji otomobiller ve diger motorlu araçlarda, tek basina bir yakit olarak ya da benzine karistirilan bir katki maddesi olarak kullanilan etanolün (etil alkol) içerisine sigara izmaritlerinde bulunan katran, terebentin, selülozik asetat, propilne, asetofenon, amonyak, bütan gibi yanici maddelerin karistirilmasiyla etanolün yandiginda ortaya çikan ortalama isinin 2-4 kat artirilmasiyla enerji gücü yüksek verimli bir yakit olusturulacaktir. Bulus konusu yöntemin daha iyi anlasilmasi için sekillerden faydalanilacaktir. Sekillerin Açiklanmasi Sekil-1: Bulus konusu sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yönteminin alternatif uygulamalarindan birinin akis semasini göstermektedir. Sekil-2: Bulus konusu sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yönteminin alternatif uygulamalarindan bir digerinin akis semasini göstermektedir. Bulusun Detayli Açiklamasi Bulus konusu yöntem ile otomotiv ve sanayi sektöründe alternatif bir yakit olarak kullanilabilecek etanol ile karistirilarak etanolün enerji verimliligini artiracak bir yakit elde edHecekün Bulus konusu yöntemde ürünün daha iyi anlasilmasi adina, Sekil-1 ve Sekil-2'de bu ürünün üretim yönteminde geçirebilecegi iki farkli islem basamaklarinin akis semalari gösterilmektedir. Bulus konusu yöntemde birbirine benzer iki farkli proses akisindan bahsedilecektir. Bu proseslerden bir tanesinde ilk etapta sigara izmaritleri toplanarak, 0-60°C sicakliktaki ortama alinmakta ve su içerisine konulmaktadir. Mekanik veya manyetik karistiricilarla sigara izmaritleri ve sudan olusan karisim karistirilmaktadir. Karistirma isleminden sonra karisim, süzgeç veya filtreler yardimiyla süzülerek kaynatma islemi uygulanir. Burada karisimin süzülme islemi yapilmadan, direkt olarak kaynatilma asamasina da geçilebilmektedir. Tercihen süzülme isleminden geçirilmis olan karisim, 1-24 saat süre boyunca 50-110°C sicaklikta bekletilmektedir. Kaynatilma isleminin ardindan sigara katrani ve sudan olusan karisima etanol ile karistirilmaktadir. Diger proses akisinda ise, toplanan sigara izmaritleri O-60°C sicakliktaki ortama alinmakta ve etanolün içerisine konularak karistirilmaktadir. Karisim, tortu maddelerinin çökmesi için bekletilmektedir. Ortalama 15 dakika bekletilen karisim, süzülerek kullanima hazir hale gelmektedir. Bulus konusu sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemindeki bir proses temel olarak; - Sigara izmaritlerinin toplanmasi asamasi (100) - Sigara izmaritlerinin suyun içerisine konulmasi asamasi (110) - Karistirma asamasi (120) - Karisimin süzülmesi asamasi (130) - Karisimin kaynatilma asamasi (140) - Karisimin etanole eklenmesi asamasi (150) asamalarindan olusmaktadir. Bu asamalarin hangi adimlari içerdigi asagidaki gibi açiklanmaktadir; Sigara izmaritlerinin toplanmasi asamasi (100): Bu asamada sigara izmaritleri toplanmaktadir. Toplama islemi çevreye atilan sigaralarin toplanmasi veya sigara toplama alanlari olusturulmasi ile gerçeklestirilebilir. Sigara izmaritlerinin suyun içerisine konulmasi asamasi (110): Bu asamada toplanmis sigara izmaritleri O-60°C arasindaki sicaklik derecesine sahip ortama alinarak, 5 gram-320 gram arasindaki miktardaki sigara izmariti, 1 litre suyun içerisine konulmaktadir. Karistirma asamasi (120): Bu asamada su ve sigara izmaritlerinden olusan karisim, mekanik veya manyetik karistirici ile karistirilmaktadir. Karistirma süresi minimum 5, maksimum 60 dakika sürmektedir. Karisimin süzülmesi asamasi (130): Bu asamada su ve izmaritlerden olusan karisim, süzgeç veya filtreler yardimiyla süzülerek, suyun izmaritlerden arindirilmasi gerçeklesmektedir. Filtrasyon islemi, süzgeç ile basinç uygulanmadan yapilabilecegi gibi, mikro filtrelerden basinç uygulanarak da yapilabilmektedir. Karisimin kaynatilma asamasi (140): Bu asamada sigara izmaritlerinden ayrilmis haldeki katranli su, 1-24 saat süre boyunca 50-110°C sicaklikta bekletilerek, suyun buharlasmasi saglanmaktadir. Buradaki amaç karisimdaki su oraninin düsürülmesi ve yogunlugunun artirilmasidir. Bu asamada katranli su isiticida isitilacagi gibi, 50-110°C sicakliga sahip kapali bir haznede veya ortamda da bekletilebilecektir. Karisimin etanole eklenmesi asamasi (150): Bu asamada, sigara katrani ve sudan olusan karisim, etanolle karistirilmaktadir. Etanolle birlestirilen bu karisim, kullanima hazir hale gelmektedir. Sigara katrani ve sudan olusan karisimin 5-320 gram arasindaki miktari için 1 Yukaridan açiklanmis olan islem adimlari sigara izmaritleri içerisindeki maddelerin etanol ile karistirilmasi ve yakit elde edilmesi için uygulanacak yöntemlerden bir tanesidir. Sigara izmaritlerinin etanol ile karistirilmasi için benzer asamalardan olusan alternatif bir yöntem daha uygulanabilecek olup, söz konusu yöntemin akis semasi Sekil-2'de gösterilmis olup, islem basamaklari asagidaki gibidir. - Sigara izmaritlerinin toplanmasi asamasi (200) - Sigara izmaritlerinin etanol içerisine konulmasi asamasi (210) - Karistirma asamasi (220) - Karisimin bekletilme asamasi (230) - Karisimin süzülmesi asamasi (240) Bu asamalarin hangi adimlari içerdigi asagidaki gibi açiklanmaktadir; Sigara izmaritlerinin toplanmasi asamasi (200): Bu asamada sigara izmaritleri toplanmaktadir. Toplama islemi çevreye atilan sigaralarin manuel olarak toplanmasi veya sigara toplama alanlari, kutulari vb. olusturulmasi ile gerçeklestirilebilir. Sigara izmaritlerinin etanol içerisine konulmasi asamasi (210): Bu asamada toplanmis sigara izmaritleri 0-60°C arasindaki sicaklik derecesine sahip ortama alinarak, 5-320 g/L yogunluga sahip izmarit-etanol karisimi hazirlanmaktadir. Karistirma asamasi (220): Bu asamada su, sigara izmaritleri ve etanolden olusan karisim, mekanik veya manyetik karistirici ile karistirilmaktadir. Karistirma süresi minimum 5, maksimum 60 dakika sürmektedir. Karisimin bekletilme asamasi (230): Bu asamada karistirma asamasindan (220) sonra karisimin içerisindeki tortularin dibe çökmesi için karisim en az 15 dakika bekletilmektedir. Karisimin süzülmesi asamasi (240): Bu asamada su ve izmaritlerden olusan karisim, süzgeç veya filtreler yardimiyla süzülerek, suyun izmaritlerden arindirilmasi gerçeklesmektedir. Filtrasyon islemi, süzgeç ile basinç uygulanmadan yapilabilecegi gibi, mikro filtrelerden basinç uygulanarak da yapilabilmektedir. Bulusun Sanayiye Uygulama Biçimi Bulus konusu yöntem ile elde edilen yakit, en temel olarak otomobiller ve diger motorlu araçlarda alternatif bir yakit olarak kullanilabilecegi gibi, sanayi sektöründeki makinelerde de kullanima uygundur. TR TR DESCRIPTION METHOD OF RECYCLING CIGARETTE BUTTS Subject of the Invention and Technical Field This invention is about the method of recycling the tar in cigarette butts, which contain thousands of different toxic substances that are harmful to living things and nature, by mixing them with ethanol used as fuel. Known Status of the Technology It is known that tobacco was first produced by the natives of the American continent for therapeutic and religious purposes. It is known that with the discovery of America in 1492, Christopher Columbus and his friends returned with smoking sticks in their hands, and the people of the old world became acquainted with tobacco. After tobacco began to be used recreationally, its consumption increased rapidly. Various restrictions and bans on tobacco use have been imposed in countries at certain times, citing various reasons. Prohibitions and death penalties against tobacco use caused the death of many people, yet people continued to use tobacco. Tobacco use and agriculture have been encouraged because states have realized the income they will obtain from tobacco and this income is a significant amount. Thus, states began to collect various taxes from tobacco and establish privileges and monopolies. It is known that tobacco is used in various ways for pleasure. Tobacco can be consumed directly without any filtering process, or it can be consumed filtered, especially with cigarettes. Smoking is described as a contagious epidemic, especially visually. The main chemicals found in cigarettes are polonium-210 (carcinogenic), radon (radiation), methanol (missile fuel), toluene (thinner), cadmium (battery metal), butane (cylinder gas), ddt (insecticide), hydrogen cyanide (gas). chamber poison), acetone (nail polish remover), naphthalene (moth repellent), hydrogen cyanide (gas chamber poison), arsenic (rat poison), ammonia (toilet cleaner), carbon monoxide (exhaust gas), tar (pitch), nicotine and 3,884 It is a toxic substance. The damage it causes to human health, other living things and nature is very high. Cigarette consumption worldwide causes the release of approximately 2.6 billion kilograms of carbon dioxide and 5.2 billion kilograms of methane gas into the air annually. These toxic particles entering the atmosphere can remain suspended in the air for hours and reduce the air quality of the atmosphere. This pollution in the atmosphere causes cardiovascular diseases, lung function disorders and lung cancer. 6 trillion cigarette butts produced every year enter the seas and oceans as toxic garbage, posing a serious threat to marine life. It takes 10 years for a single cigarette butt to completely decompose. The cigarette butt through which cigarette smoke is filtered consists of cellulosic acetate. The gases emitted from tobacco during smoking pass through this filter and are taken into the mouth, and butts containing poisonous gas are thrown into the nature. Various studies and projects have been carried out around the world to collect and recycle cigarette butts and reduce the damage they cause to nature. A group of researchers led by Abbas Mohajerani at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in Australia has isolated the toxic substances in butts using bitumen and paraffin wax to prevent them from leaking into the environment. The isolated butts were mixed with hot asphalt mixture to obtain a concrete-like, dense and durable structure with low thermal conductivity. This structure produced was used on roads. In Brazil, a group of researchers led by Mark Poiato made paper from butt sponge. By using this process, they separated the tar in the butts by washing and revealed cellulose, which is the raw material of paper. A method for recycling cigarette butts is mentioned. Cigarette filters are separated from tobacco and chemicals and recycled. In the European patent application numbered EP2520184, the method that allows the cellulosic filter part of cigarette butts to be purified from chemicals and recycled is mentioned. In the Chinese patent application numbered CN108807014, a method of preparing a supercapacitor electrode material using discarded cigarette butts is mentioned. The method includes the stages of chopping discarded cigarette butts, soaking the chopped cigarette butts in water, transferring the chopped cigarette butts to the high-pressure reaction vessel for pre-carbonization, and then centrifugation, washing and drying. The supercapacitor electrode material prepared using discarded cigarette butts has a porous structure, has an oxygen-rich functional group, and has an ultra-high specific surface area and high nitrogen dosage, thus providing high capacitance, good speed performance, and ultra-high cycle stability when the material is used as a supercapacitor electrode material. It provides. As can be seen in the patents mentioned above, there are various studies and patents within the scope of the state of the art regarding the recycling of cigarette butts. However, existing methods are generally aimed at recycling the filter part of cigarette butts made of cellulosic acetate. No study or patent has been found to obtain high-performance fuel by separating the cigarette tar contained in the filter. Technical Problems Aimed to Solve by the Invention By recycling the cigarette butts that are the subject of the invention, these toxic substances are purified from the cigarette butts, which contain arsenic, cadmium, formaldehyde, acetone, butane, turpentine, propylene, glycol, lead, nickel, carbon monoxide, ammonia and many other harmful substances. It is aimed to obtain high-performance fuel and to prevent the harm caused to humans and other living things due to its disposal into the environment. One of the advantages of the method subject to the invention is the damage caused to the atmosphere by the smoke of an average of 6 trillion cigarettes consumed annually in the world, as well as the damage to living things and nature as a result of non-biodegradable cellulose acetate-based and harmful heavy metal-containing cigarette butts mixing with the sea, ocean, soil and groundwater after smoking. Another advantage of the method in question is that it will prevent 17 thousand people and countless living creatures from losing their lives every year as a result of fires caused by smoking. In addition, it is known that cigarette-related fires cause financial damage of more than 27 billion dollars a year, and since the method in question is aimed at collecting cigarette butts, this damage will also be reduced. Another advantage of the method of the invention is that tar, turpentine, cellulosic acetate, propylene, acetophenone, ammonia, butane found in cigarette butts are added to ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a fuel alone or as an additive mixed with gasoline, in automobiles and other motor vehicles. By increasing the average heat released when ethanol burns by 2-4 times by mixing flammable materials, a highly energy efficient fuel will be created. Figures will be used to better understand the method of the invention. Explanation of Figures Figure-1: Shows the flow chart of one of the alternative applications of the cigarette butt recycling method of the invention. Figure-2: Shows the flow chart of another alternative application of the cigarette butt recycling method of the invention. Detailed Description of the Invention With the method of the invention, a fuel that will increase the energy efficiency of ethanol will be obtained by mixing it with ethanol, which can be used as an alternative fuel in the automotive and industrial sectors. Flow charts of two different process steps are shown. In the method of the invention, two different process flows that are similar to each other will be mentioned. In one of these processes, cigarette butts are first collected, placed in an environment with a temperature of 0-60°C and placed in water. The mixture consisting of cigarette butts and water is mixed with mechanical or magnetic stirrers. After mixing, the mixture is filtered using a strainer or filters and boiled. Here, you can proceed directly to the boiling stage, without filtering the mixture. The mixture, which has preferably been filtered, is kept at a temperature of 50-110°C for 1-24 hours. After the boiling process, the mixture consisting of cigarette tar and water is mixed with ethanol. In the other process flow, the collected cigarette butts are taken to an environment at a temperature of 0-60°C and mixed with ethanol. The mixture is left to allow the sediments to settle. The mixture is left for approximately 15 minutes and is filtered and ready for use. A process in the recycling method of cigarette butts that is the subject of the invention is basically; It consists of the following stages: - Collecting cigarette butts (100) - Putting cigarette butts into water (110) - Mixing stage (120) - Filtering the mixture (130) - Boiling the mixture (140) - Adding the mixture to ethanol (150). The steps involved in these stages are explained as follows; Cigarette butt collection stage (100): In this stage, cigarette butts are collected. The collection process can be carried out by collecting cigarettes thrown into the environment or by creating cigarette collection areas. The stage of putting cigarette butts into the water (110): In this stage, the collected cigarette butts are placed in an environment with a temperature between 0-60°C, and the amount of cigarette butts between 5 grams and 320 grams is placed in 1 liter of water. Mixing stage (120): In this stage, the mixture consisting of water and cigarette butts is mixed with a mechanical or magnetic stirrer. Mixing time takes a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 60 minutes. Filtering the mixture (130): In this stage, the mixture consisting of water and butts is filtered with the help of strainers or filters, and the water is purified from the butts. The filtration process can be done without applying pressure through filters, or by applying pressure through micro filters. Boiling stage of the mixture (140): In this stage, the tar water separated from the cigarette butts is kept at a temperature of 50-110°C for 1-24 hours, allowing the water to evaporate. The purpose here is to reduce the water rate in the mixture and increase its density. At this stage, the tar water can be heated in a heater or kept in a closed chamber or environment with a temperature of 50-110°C. Adding the mixture to ethanol step (150): In this stage, the mixture consisting of cigarette tar and water is mixed with ethanol. This mixture, combined with ethanol, becomes ready for use. For the amount of the mixture consisting of cigarette tar and water between 5-320 grams, 1. The process steps explained above are one of the methods to be applied to mix the substances in cigarette butts with ethanol and obtain fuel. An alternative method consisting of similar steps can be applied to mix cigarette butts with ethanol. The flow chart of the said method is shown in Figure-2 and the process steps are as follows. - Collecting cigarette butts (200) - Putting cigarette butts into ethanol (210) - Mixing stage (220) - Holding the mixture (230) - Filtering the mixture (240) The steps involved in these stages are explained as follows; Cigarette butt collection stage (200): Cigarette butts are collected at this stage. The collection process is the manual collection of cigarettes thrown into the environment or cigarette collection areas, boxes, etc. can be achieved by creating . The stage of placing cigarette butts into ethanol (210): At this stage, the collected cigarette butts are placed in an environment with a temperature between 0-60°C and a butt-ethanol mixture with a density of 5-320 g/L is prepared. Mixing stage (220): In this stage, the mixture consisting of water, cigarette butts and ethanol is mixed with a mechanical or magnetic stirrer. Mixing time takes a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 60 minutes. Waiting stage of the mixture (230): In this stage, after the mixing stage (220), the mixture is kept for at least 15 minutes to allow the sediments in the mixture to settle to the bottom. Filtering the mixture (240): In this stage, the mixture consisting of water and butts is filtered with the help of strainers or filters, and the water is purified from the butts. The filtration process can be done without applying pressure through filters, or by applying pressure through micro filters. Application of the Invention to Industry The fuel obtained by the method of the invention can basically be used as an alternative fuel in automobiles and other motor vehicles, and is also suitable for use in machines in the industrial sector. TR TR

Claims (1)

1.ISTEMLER Bulus sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup asagidaki asamalar ile karakterize edilir; - Sigara izmaritlerinin toplanmasi asamasi (100) - Sigara izmaritlerinin suyun içerisine konulmasi asamasi (110) - Karistirma asamasi (120) - Karisimin süzülmesi asamasi (130) - Karisimin kaynatilma asamasi (140) - Karisimin etanole eklenmesi asamasi (150). Istem 1' e uygun sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup karakterize edici özelligi; sigara izmaritlerinin toplanmasi asamasinin (100) toplama islemi çevreye atilan sigaralarin toplanmasi veya sigara toplama alanlari olusturulmasi ile toplamanin gerçeklestirilmesi islemini içermesidir. Istem 1, e uygun sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup karakterize edici özelligi; sigara izmaritlerinin suyun içerisine konulma asamasinin (110) sigara izmaritleri 0-60°C arasindaki sicaklik derecesine sahip ortama alinarak, 5 gram-320 gram arasindaki miktardaki sigara izmaritinin, 1 litre suyun içerisine konulmasi islemini içermesidir. Istem 1'e uygun sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup karakterize edici özelligi; karistirma asamasinin (120) su ve sigara izmaritlerinden olusan karisimin, mekanik veya manyetik karistirici ile minimum 5, maksimum 60 dakika boyunca karistirilmasi islemini içermesidir. Istem 1'e uygun sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup karakterize edici özelligi; karisimin süzülmesi asamasinin (130) su ve izmaritlerden olusan karisimin süzgeç ile basinç uygulamadan veya mikro filtrelerden basinç uygulanarak süzülmesi islemini içermesidir. Istem 1'e uygun sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup karakterize edici özelligi; karisimin kaynatilma asamasinin (140) sigara izmaritlerinden ayrilmis haldeki katranli suyun, 1-24 saat süre boyunca 50-110°C sicaklikta bekletilmesi islemini içermesidir. Istem 1'e uygun sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup karakterize edici özelligi; karisimin etanole eklenmesi asamasinin (150) sigara katrani ve sudan olusan karisimin 5-320 gram arasindaki miktarinin 1 litre etanol ile karistirilmasi islemini içermesidir. istem 1 veya istem 59 uygun sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup karakterize edici özelligi; karisimin süzülme asamasi (130) olmadan karistirma asamasindan (120) direk karisimin kaynatilma asamasina (140) geçilebilecek olmasidir. Bulus sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup asagidaki asamalar ile karakterize edilir; - Sigara izmaritlerinin toplanmasi asamasi (200) - Sigara izmaritlerinin etanol içerisine konulmasi asamasi (210) - Karistirma asamasi (220) - Karisimin bekletilme asamasi (230) - Karisimin süzülmesi asamasi (240). Istem 9'a uygun sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup karakterize edici özelligi; sigara izmaritlerinin etanol içerisine konulmasi asamasinin (210)toplanmis sigara izmaritlerinin 0-60°C arasindaki sicaklik derecesine sahip ortama alinarak, 5- 320 g/L yogunluga sahip izmarit-etanol karisimi hazirlanmasi islemini içermesidir. Istem 9”a uygun sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup karakterize edici özelligi; karistirma asamasinin (220) karisimin, mekanik veya manyetik karistirici ile minimum 5, maksimum 60 dakika boyunca karistirilmasi islemini içermesidir. Istem 9'a uygun sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup karakterize edici özelligi; karisimin bekletilme asamasinin (230) karisimin en az 15 dakika bekletilmesi islemini içermesidir. istem 9'a uygun sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup karakterize edici özelligi; karisimin süzülmesi asamasinin (240) karisimin süzgeç ile basinç uygulamadan veya mikro filtrelerden basinç uygulanarak süzülmesi islemini içermesidir. Istem 1 veya Istem 9'a uygun sigara izmaritlerinin geri dönüsüm yöntemi olup karakterize edici özelligi; karisimin süzülme asamasinin (240) atlanabilecek olmasidir. TR TR1.CLAIMS The invention is a cigarette butt recycling method and is characterized by the following stages; - Collecting cigarette butts (100) - Putting cigarette butts into water (110) - Mixing stage (120) - Filtering the mixture (130) - Boiling the mixture (140) - Adding the mixture to ethanol (150). It is a recycling method for cigarette butts in accordance with Claim 1 and its characterizing feature is; The collection process of the cigarette butt collection stage (100) includes the collection of cigarettes thrown into the environment or by creating cigarette collection areas. It is a recycling method for cigarette butts in accordance with claim 1 and its characterizing feature is; The step (110) of putting the cigarette butts into the water involves placing the cigarette butts in an environment with a temperature between 0-60°C and placing the cigarette butts in the amount of 5 grams to 320 grams into 1 liter of water. It is a recycling method for cigarette butts in accordance with Claim 1 and its characterizing feature is; The mixing stage (120) involves mixing the mixture consisting of water and cigarette butts with a mechanical or magnetic stirrer for a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 60 minutes. It is a recycling method for cigarette butts in accordance with Claim 1 and its characterizing feature is; The filtering step (130) of the mixture includes the process of filtering the mixture consisting of water and cigarette butts through a strainer without applying pressure or by applying pressure through micro filters. It is a recycling method for cigarette butts in accordance with Claim 1 and its characterizing feature is; The boiling stage (140) of the mixture involves keeping the tar water separated from the cigarette butts at a temperature of 50-110°C for 1-24 hours. It is a recycling method for cigarette butts in accordance with Claim 1 and its characterizing feature is; The step (150) of adding the mixture to ethanol involves mixing 5-320 grams of the mixture consisting of cigarette tar and water with 1 liter of ethanol. It is a recycling method for cigarette butts in accordance with claim 1 or claim 59 and is characterized by; It is possible to proceed directly from the mixing stage (120) to the boiling stage (140) of the mixture without the filtering stage (130). The invention is a cigarette butt recycling method and is characterized by the following stages; - Collecting cigarette butts (200) - Putting cigarette butts into ethanol (210) - Mixing stage (220) - Holding the mixture (230) - Filtering the mixture (240). It is a recycling method for cigarette butts in accordance with Claim 9 and its characterizing feature is; The step (210) of putting cigarette butts into ethanol includes the process of preparing a butt-ethanol mixture with a density of 5-320 g/L by placing the collected cigarette butts in an environment with a temperature between 0-60°C. It is a recycling method for cigarette butts in accordance with Claim 9 and its characterizing feature is; The mixing stage (220) involves mixing the mixture with a mechanical or magnetic stirrer for a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 60 minutes. It is a recycling method for cigarette butts in accordance with Claim 9 and its characterizing feature is; The holding step (230) of the mixture includes the process of waiting the mixture for at least 15 minutes. It is a recycling method for cigarette butts in accordance with claim 9 and its characterizing feature is; The filtering step (240) of the mixture includes the process of filtering the mixture through a strainer without applying pressure or by applying pressure through micro filters. It is a recycling method for cigarette butts in accordance with Claim 1 or Claim 9 and its characterizing feature is; The filtering step (240) of the mixture can be skipped. TR TR
TR2019/07070A 2019-05-10 2019-05-10 RECYCLING METHOD OF SMOKING ISMARITES TR201907070A2 (en)

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PCT/TR2020/050057 WO2020231362A1 (en) 2019-05-10 2020-01-29 Recycling method of cigarette butts
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US7560059B2 (en) * 2005-09-19 2009-07-14 Blake Burich Process and method for recycling cigarette butts
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