TARIFNAME TAS TOPLAMA MAKINESI Teknik Alan Bulus, tarima elverissiz arazilerin kullanilabilir hale getirilerek tohum yataklarinin açilmasi ve sahil veya plajlarin temizlenmesinde kullanilmak üzere gelistirilmis, traktör kuyruk milinden aldigi hareketi saft yardimi ile aktarilan tamburu ile haznesine alarak eleginde topragini eleyerek deposuna atan ve kendinden tahliyeli tas toplama makinasi ile ilgilidir. Bulus özellikle, üzerindeki bazi sistemlerin salinim, esneklik ve daha mukavemetli malzeme kullanimi saglanarak maliyet fazlaligi ortadan kaldiran, yüksek kalite ve güvenlige sahip, biçagin bagli oldugu volan dislisinin sayisinin ve çapinin düsürülmesi ile devirde yükseltme yapilarak hem hizi hem gücü fazlalastirilarak biçagin tasa vurma kuvveti yükseltilmis, montaji ve demontaji kolaylasmis tas toplama makinasi ile ilgilidir. Teknigin Bilinen Durumu Tarimsal ürünlerin miktarini artirmak için yeni tarim arazileri açma ihtimali artik azalmistir. Çünkü su anda tarima elverisli arazilerinin tamamina yakini üretim için kullanilmakta oldugundan yeni tarim arazilerinin açilmasi olasiligi azalmaktadir. Bu gerçekler göz önüne alindiginda tarim arazilerinin temizlenmesi daha fazla önem kazanmaktadir. Tarim arazilerinin temizlenme islemleri, tarimsal ürünlerin verim ve kalitesini önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Tarim yapilan alanlardaki taslilik, ürün artisina, ürün kalitesine ve ürün maliyetine olumsuz etki eden onemli faktörlerdendir. Arazi temizleme isleminde, taslik arazilerin temizlenmesi ve arazi yüzeyindeki bitki artiklarinin parçalanarak topraga karistirilmasi akla ilk gelen islemlerdir. Tarla ile ugrasan çiftçilerin sikintilarindan birisi, tarla üzerindeki taslarin elle toplanamayacak derece olmasidir. Arazide bulunan taslarin elle toplanmasi için is gücü ve zamana ihtiyaç duyulmasinin yaninda çiftçi açisindan agir bir istir. Bu islemin daha kisa sürede, yogun is gücü gerektirmeden kolayca yapilabilmesi için günümüzde tas toplama makinalari gelistirilmistir. Bu makinalar arazideki SOcm derinligine kadar ve yüzeylerdeki taslari toplamak için özel olarak üretilmistir. Bu makinalarin bir diger özelligi ise endüstriyel alanlardaki yapilan sitelerdeki ve plajlardaki kumlarinda temizligi için kullanilabiliyor olmasidir. Tas toplama makinasindaki hidrolik bosaltma sayesinde taslarin kamyon, römork veya tarla köselerine bosaltilabilmeleri kolaylastirilmistir. Günümüzde tarima elverissiz arazileri kullanilabilir hale getirerek tohum yatagi açmaya yardimci makina olarak kullanilan, ayrica sahil plaj temizlemede kullanilan tas toplama makinalari malzeme niteligi, boyutu ve hassasiyetine göre farkli Özellik ve modellere sahiptir. Tas toplama makinalarinin; tasi toplayip depolayan, tasi toplayip namlu yapanlar ve tasi kirarak küçülten makinalar olmak üzere üç degisik tipi mevcuttur. Tasi toplayip depolayan makinalar, tasi belirli derinlikteki topraktan çikaran bir uç demiri ile donatilmistir. Içerisinde bulunan elek düzenegi topragi tastan ayirarak tekrar zemine düsmesini engellemekte, içeriye alinan taslar bir elevatör ile ya makinanin deposuna ya da tas toplama makinasina paralel hareket eden bir tasita iletilmektedir. Tas toplama makinalarinin çalismasi sirasinda küçük taslarla topragin ayrilmasini saglayan uzun eleme zinciri, kisa eleme zinciri ve tambur, dolap yayli ayak ve kafes elek ve tasima zinciri (üstün) eleme düzenleri gibi çesitli tip eleme düzenleri vardir. Bazi toplayicilar, uç demirine sahip olmayip namlu yapma makinalarina baglanabilecek biçimde, bir parmakli tamburla toprak yüzeyine yakin derinliklerden tasi tarama etkisi ile çikarip almaktadir. Toplayicilarla çalismada tas; toprak içerisinde ise siralar halinde islenerek toplanmakta ya da namlu hâlinde ise namlulardan toplanmaktadir. Tas toplama makinalarinda is genisligi ve is derinliginin artmasina bagli olarak gerekli traktör motor gücü de artmaktadir. Tasi toplayip namlu yapan makinalar özellikle yüzey ve yüzeye yakin derinlikteki taslari toplayip, tarla yüzeyine namlu hâlinde dizen makinalardir. Makinalar bir kazici ayak ve bir götürücü bandi içermektedir. Bant, kazilan materyalin arkaya dogru tasinmasi sirasinda topraklarin ve küçük taslarin elenmesini saglayacak özelliktedir. Namlu yapma makinalarinda traktör üç nokta aski sistemine baglananlar 4 m is genisligine kadar is yapabilmektedir. Bu makinalarda is derinligi 8 cmiye kadardir. Tas yogunlugunun az oldugu tarlalarda tasi tirmiklayarak sira yigini (namlu) haline getirmek amaciyla; 16 ila 60 cm çapindaki taslari sira yigini yapmak için V tirmiklar ile (is genisligi 400 cm) 3-60 cm araligindaki taslar için de rotarli tirmiklar gelistirilmistir. Tas kirma makinalari, büyük taslarin ve keseklerin parçalanarak küçültülmesini saglayan makinalardir. Esas olarak hizla dönen bir mile bagli çok sayidaki parçalayici kol ile toprak yüzeyine çikarilmis taslari parçalamaktadirlar. Diger bazi tipleri de topraktan taslari çikararak ezmekte ve ufalamaktadir. Kirilan taslar daha sonra tasi toplayip namlu yapan bir makina ile toplanmaktadir. Tas kirma makinalarinda kirma isi için güç gereksinimi daha fazladir. Günümüzde siklikla tercih edilen tasi toplayip depolayan tip tas toplama makinalari traktör kuyruk milinden aldigi hareketi saft yardimi ile aktarilan tamburu ile haznesine alarak eleginde topragini eleyerek deposuna atan ve kendinden tahliyeli makina çesididir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinalari 3cm ile 35 cm arasindaki taslari alirken traktörün yürüme hizi 5km/s ile 8km/saattir. Dolayisiyla makinanin çalisma hizi da yavas olmakta ve sonuçta tas toplama isleminin süresi de artmaktadir. Makinanin kullanim amaci ile agir is yapan gurupta olan tas toplama makinasi arizasi ve malzemede asinma, bükülme olasiliklari ile yüksek olup tas sikisma veya kullanici tarafindan dolum islemi tamamlanan deponun üzerine yapilan çalismalarda hem makinaya ve traktöre ariza vermesi yüksektir. Aktarici saft disinda büyük taslarda herhangi sigorta islevi görecek salinim elemani bulunmamaktadir. Mevcut makinalarda biçaklarin mukavemetinin düsük olmasi asinma ve kirilmaya neden olarak siklikla biçaklarin degismesi gerekmektedir. Ozellikle arazide büyük taslarin bulunmasi durumunda makina çalisamamakta ve mil ile yatakta ariza meydana gelmektedir. Bu hem bakim onarim masraflarini yükseltmekte hem de degisim islemi esnasinda makina kullanilamadigindan is kaybina neden olmaktadir. Günümüzde kullanilan tas toplama makinalarinda yasanan diger bir sorun nemli topraklarda çalisamamalaridir. Mevcut tas toplama makinalarinda araziden toplanan taslar ile birlikte bir miktar toprak da makina içerisine alinmaktadir. Taslarin yüzeyine yapismis olan toprak toplama islemi esnasinda makina deposuna alinmakta ve bu da toprak kaybina neden olmaktadir. Mevcut tas toplama makinalarinda yasanan bir diger sorun ise arazide agaç olmasi durumunda bu agaçlarin arasina girememesidir. Tas toplama makinasi agaç aralarina giremediginde tas toplama isleminin buralarda elle yapilmasi gerekmektedir. Bu durum hem zaman kaybina hem de yogun is gücü gerektirmektedir. Diger taraftan kullanilmakta olan tas toplama makinalarinin güç aktarim saftinin traktör farkliligina göre uzunlugunun farkli olmasi kullanim açisindan dezavantaj olustururken zincir sisteminin elle (manuel) gerilmesine olan ihtiyaç kullanicinin unutmasi durumunda deformasyon meydana gelmesine neden olmaktadir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinalarinin yapisi nedeniyle manevra dönüs mesafesi fazla olup bu, arazi çalismasini olumsuz yönde etkilemekte sira arasi gibi dar alanlarda çalisma etkinliginin azalmasina neden olmaktadir. Tas toplama makinalarinin çalisma veriminin arttirilmasi ve mevcut sorunlarin çözülmesi amaciyla birçok çalisma gerçeklestirilmistir. bu çalismalardan biri, TR201503435 numarali ve "Arazideki Atiklarin Toplanmasini Saglayan Makinede Yenilik" baslikli faydali modele konu olan bulustur. Bulus, çiftçilerin büyük sikintisi olan tarladaki taslari toplamaya yarayan, helisel disli sanzimana, gövde kenarlari oval olarak tasarlanmis batör ve depoda biriken atiklarin bosaltimi sirasinda olusabilecek kazalarin Önüne geçmek amaciyla hidrolik vanaya sahip arazi vb. yerlerde topraga zarar verebilecek atiklari (tas, tahta, metal vb.) toplama makinesi hakkinda olup; ana gövde; helisel disli grubuna sahip hareket iletim sanzimani; ok ayar pistonu, hidrolik kilitleme vanasi, biçak, elek; yay, biçak, oval yan kenarlar ve orta gövdeye sahip batör; hareket dislisi, hareket zinciri, hareket karsilik dislisi, tekerlek, hidrolik depo pistonu ve depoya sahiptir. Bir diger çalisma, TR201103466 numarali ve "Uçgen Rotorlu Tas Toplama Makinasi" baslikli faydali modele konu olan bulustur. Bulus, topragin islenmesini kolaylastirmak için topraktaki taslari toplayan, topladigi taslari haznesinde biriktiren ve hazne doldugunda içerisindeki taslari diger bir araca yüklemeye yarayan tas toplama makinesi ile ilgilidir. Bu bulus sayesinde, büyük ebatlardaki taslarin kolayca toplanabilmesine imkan saglanmistir. Benzer islevleri yerine getiren makinelerden daha az bilesen içermesi sebebi ile ariza verme orani düsürülmüs ve ekonomik bir ürüne ulasilmistir. Makine tasariminda darbe absorbe edici elemanlarin kullanilmasi ve makinenin genel yapisinin darbe absorbe etmeye uygun olmasi makinenin kullanim süresinin artmasina neden olmaktadir. Yogun kuvvet etkisi altinda kalan ve çevresel degisik kuvvetlerin uygulandigi yataklar gelistirilerek daha mukavemetli hale getirilmistir. Diger bir çalisma, TR200909574 numarali ve "Tas Toplama Makinasi" baslikli faydali modele konu olan bulustur. Bulus, tarimsal ve benzeri arazilerin islenmesinden ve arazinin sürülmesinden önce mevcut olan arazi içindeki taslarin toplamasi esnasinda çalisan palet sistemi gelistirilerek verimliligi artirilan bir tas toplama makinesi ile ilgilidir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinesi, güçlü biçagi sayesinde 30 cm kadar yere dalma yapabilmekte, izgarasindan topragin asagi elenerek 3-30 cm çaplarindaki taslarin monoblok palet grubu parmaklari ile yüksek hizda ve verimlilikte deposuna firlatabilmekte, genis hacme sahip deposu ile 3 tona kadar tas biriktirebilmekte ve büyük Baska bir çalisma, TR200801853 numarali ve "Tas toplama makinasi" baslikli faydali modele konu olan bulustur. Bulus konusu çiftçilerin büyük sikintisi olan tarla taslarini toplamaya yarayan tas toplama makinasiyla ilgilidir. Gelismis tarimsal mekanizasyon araçlarinin kullanimi için sart olan tastan arindirilmis tarim arazilerinin, bu makina ile islah edilmesini saglamaktir. Günümüzde kullanilmakta olan tas toplama makinalarinda istenilen sonuç tam anlamiyla alinamamaktadir. Bizim bulus konumuz olan tas toplama makinasi her ölçüde tasin araziden rahatlikla toplanmasi saglamaktadir. Bir diger çalisma, TR200101457 numarali ve "Tas Ve Benzeri Maddelerin Toplanmasi Için Makine" baslikli faydali modele konu olan bulustur. Bulus, temizlenmesi gereken sahalarda (futbol sahasi, golf sahasi, site alanlari, vb.) ve sürülmüs veya sürülmemis tarim alanlarindaki tas ve benzeri maddeleri toplamak için kullanilan bir makinedir. Bulus özellikle, helezonik bir yapiya sahip toplayici eleman vasitasiyla taslarin bir merkeze dogru yönlendirilmesi ve merkezden bir depoya aktarilmasi, daha sonra toplanan maddelerin bir baska araca yüklenmesi, tas toplama makinesinin yol konumunda helezonik toplayici elemanlarin havaya kaldirilmasi ile ilgilidir. Yapilan tüm çalismalara ragmen mevcut tas toplama makinelerinde kullanilan biçaklar, büyük taslara çarpma sonucunda kolayca bükülmekte ve zarar görmektedir. Diger taraftan büyük taslar sadece biçaklara degil zincir ve traktöre de çarparak zarar vermektedir. Meydana gelen bu zarar maddi açidan dezavantaj olusturmakla birlikte onarim süresinin uzun olmasi nedeni ile is kaybina da neden olmaktadir. Sonuç olarak mevcut teknikte var olan dezavantajlari ortadan kaldiran tas toplama makinasina olan gereksinimin varligi ve mevcut çözümlerin yetersizligi ilgili teknik alanda bir gelistirme yapmayi zorunlu kilmistir. Bulusun Kisa Açiklamasi Mevcut bulus, yukarida bahsedilen gereksinimleri karsilayan, tüm dezavantajlari ortadan kaldiran ve ilave bazi avantajlar getiren tarima elverissiz arazilerin kullanilabilir hale getirilerek tohum yataklarinin açilmasi ve sahil veya plajlarin temizlenmesinde kullanilmak üzere gelistirilmis, traktör kuyruk milinden aldigi hareketi saft yardimi ile aktarilan tamburu ile haznesine alarak eleginde topragini eleyerek deposuna atan ve kendinden tahliyeli tas toplama makinasi ile ilgilidir. Teknigin bilinen durumundan yola çikarak bulusun amaci, gelistirilen tas toplama makinasinin devrinin yükseltilmesi sayesinde daha az güç ile daha verimli çalismanin; içerdigi tasa temas eden firlatici biçaklarin degistirilebilir uçlari sayesinde bakim-onarim masraflarinin azaltilmasinin; içerdigi tasi firlatan tambur sistemine eklenen yay sistemi sayesinde büyük taslarda sigorta olusturularak biçaklara, zincire ve traktore zarar vermesinin engellenmesinin ve büyük taslarin kolay bir sekilde depoya alinmasinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun amaci, tas toplama makinasinin çalisma hizinin 5 km hizdan 11 km hiza yükseltilmesi sayesinde yakit ve zaman açisindan tasarrufun saglanmasidir. Bulusun diger bir amaci, tas toplama makinasinda bulunan firlatici biçaklarin çelik malzemeden mamul edilmesi sayesinde asinmaya karsi dayanimin saglanmasidir. Bulusun diger bir amaci, tas toplama makinasinin topragi eleyen elek parmaklarinin dikdörtgen ve çelik malzemeden mamul edilmesi sayesinde asinmaya karsi yüksek mukavemet elde edilmesinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun diger bir amaci, tas toplama makinasindaki elek sistemine yay sistemi eklenmesi sayesinde tavli ve nemli topraklarda da kullanilabilmesinin ve büyük taslarin biçaklarda, zincirde ve/veya traktörde neden olabilecegi zararin 'Önüne geçilmesinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun diger bir amaci, tas toplama makinasinda bulunan tas deposunun alt ve arka kisminin izgara sistemi ile yapilmasi sayesinde son eleme olusturularak tasa yapisan topraklarin hem toplanirken hem de bosaltma yapilirken tasla beraber alinmasinin önlenmesinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun diger bir amaci, tas toplama makinasinin yan agiz kismina eklenen g'ot'ur'uc'u tirmik sistemi sayesinde tekerlek bosluklari ve arazideki agaç aralarinda bulunan taslarin da toplanabilmesinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun diger bir amaci, tas toplama makinasinin güç aktarim saftinin boyunun ayarlanabilir olmasi sayesinde mevcut t'um traktörlere g'ore uzunluk-kisalik ayarinin yapilabilmesinin ve böylece farkli tipte traktörlere uyumlu tek bir makinanin sunulmasinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun diger bir amaci, tas toplama makinasinin yapisi sayesinde arazi çalisma sartlarindaki manevra dönüs açisinin arttirilmasinin ve böylece çalisma veriminin arttirilarak dar alanlarda da etkili sekilde kullanilmasinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun diger bir amaci, tas toplama makinasinin zincir gergi sistemine eklenen yay sistemi sayesinde tambura hareket veren zincir sisteminde çalismadan kaynakli olusan bollasmanin otomatik olarak gerilmesinin ve böylece germe isleminin unutulmasi durumunda meydana gelen zararin önlenmesinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun yapisal ve karakteristik 'özellikleri ve tüm avantajlari asagida verilen sekiller ve bu sekillere atiflar yapilmak suretiyle yazilan detayli açiklama sayesinde daha net olarak anlasilacaktir, bu nedenle degerlendirmenin de bu sekilleri ve detayli açiklamalari göz önüne alinarak yapilmasi gerekmektedir. Sekillerin Kisa Açiklamasi Mevcut bulusun yapilanmasi ve ek elemanlarla birlikte avantajlarinin en iyi sekilde anlasilabilmesi için asagida açiklamasi yapilan sekiller ile birlikte degerlendirilmesi Sekil-1; tas toplama makinasinin sematik genel görünüm'L'id'ur. Referans Numaralari 100. Tas toplama makinasi 101. Tambur volan dislisi 102. Firlatici biçak 103. Elek sistemi parmaklari 104. Elek sistemi yay tertibati 105. Tambur sistemi yay tertibati 106. Depo sistemi izgarasi 107. Tirmik sistemi 108. Güç aktarim sistemi 109. On ok bag sistemi 110. Zincir sistemi yay tertibati Bulusun Detayli Açiklamasi Bu detayli açiklamada, bulus konusu tarima elverissiz arazilerin kullanilabilir hale getirilerek tohum yataklarinin açilmasi ve sahil veya plajlarin temizlenmesinde kullanilmak 'üzere gelistirilmis, traktör kuyruk milinden aldigi hareketi saft yardimi ile aktarilan tamburu ile haznesine aldiktan sonra eleginde topragini eleyerek deposuna atan ve kendinden tahliyeli tas toplama makinasi (100) sadece konunun daha iyi anlasilmasina yönelik örnek olarak ve hiçbir sinirlayici etki olusturmayacak sekilde anlatilmaktadir. Sekil-1'de gösterilen tas toplama makinasi (100) temel olarak; traktör kuyruk milinden saglanan hareket enerjisini aktaran güç aktarim grubu, tüm unsurlari 'üzerinde tasiyan ve bir arada tutan ana sasi grubu, toplanan taslar ile birlikte gelen topragin depo içerisine alinmasini engelleyen toprak eleme grubu, taslarin depoya alinmasini saglayan tas firlatma tambur grubu ve toplanan taslarin biriktirildigi tas depolama grubundan olusmaktadir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinasi (100), traktör kuyruk miline baglanarak çalismaktadir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinasinin (100) traktöre baglandigi kisimda konumlandirilmis olan ön ok bag sistemi (109), ön ok baglantisinin uzamasini saglayarak arazi çalisma sartlarindaki manevra dönüs açisini arttirmaktadir. Bahsedilen ön ok bag sistemi (109) ile irtibatli olan güç aktarim sistemi (108) ile farkli tipte traktörlere baglanti için ara saftin uzunluk ayari yapilabilmektedir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinasinin (100) toprak ile temas ettigi kisimda konumlandirilmis olan elek sistemi parmaklari (103), dikdörtgen ve çelik malzemeden mamul edilmis olup, asinmaya karsi yüksek dayanim göstermektedir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinasinda konumlandirilmis olan çelik malzemeden mamul firlatici biçaklar (102) asinmaya karsi yüksek dayanim göstermekle beraber degistirilebilir uçlari sayesinde bakim-onarim masraflarinin azaltilmasini saglamaktadir. Bahsedilen firlatici biçaklardan (102) bir veya daha fazlasinin asinmasi durumunda sadece uç kisimlari degistirilerek tas toplama makinasi (100) tamir edilebilmektedir. Bu hem komple parça degisiminden kaynakli yüksek maliyeti ortadan kaldirmakta hem de firlatici biçaklarin (102) komple yerinden sökülmesi ve geri takilmasi için harcanacak zamani en aza indirerek is kaybini ortadan kaldirmaktadir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinasinda (100) kullanilan tambur volan dislisi (101), devri yükselterek daha az güç ile daha verimli çalismayi saglamaktadir. Boylece çalisma hizi 6kmiden 12 km hiza yükseltilerek yakit ve zaman açisindan önemli bir avantaj sunulmaktadir. Elek sistemine eklenen elek sistemi yay tertibati (104) sayesinde tas toplama makinasinin (100) tavli ve nemli topraklarda da kullanilabilmesi saglanmistir. Ayrica bahsedilen elek sistemi yay tertibati (104) sayesinde büyük taslarin tas toplama makinasina (100), firlatici biçaklara (102), zincire ve traktore zarar vermesi engellenmistir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinasinda (100) bulunan tas firlatan tambur sistemine eklenen tambur sistemi yay tertibati (105), arazide bulunan büyük taslarda sigorta sistemi olusturarak tas toplama makinasini (100), firlatici biçaklari (102), zinciri ve trakt`orü bu büyük taslarin neden oldugu zarara karsi korumakta ve taslarin depoya alinmasini saglamaktadir. Bahsedilen tas toplama deposunun alt ve arkasinda konumlandirilmis olan depo sistemi izgarasi (106) son eleme yaparak, toplanan taslarin üzerine yapismis olan topragin hem tas toplama islemi esnasinda hem de bosaltma yapilirken tas üzerinden ayrilarak tasla beraber depoya alinmasini engellemekte böylece tas toplama islemi esnasinda toprak kaybinin Önüne geçilmesini saglamaktadir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinasinin (100) yan agiz kisimlarinda konumlandirilmis olan tirmik sistemi (107), tekerlek bosluklari ve arazideki agaç aralarinda bulunan taslarin toplanmasini saglamaktadir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinasinda (100) tambura hareket everen zincir sistemine eklenen zincir sistemi yay tertibati (110), çalismadan kaynakli meydana gelen bollasmanin otomatik olarak gerilerek giderilmesini saglamaktadir. Günümüzde tarima elverissiz arazileri kullanilabilir hale getirerek tohum yatagi açmaya yardimci makine olarak kullanilan tas toplama makinasi (100) ayrica sahil plaj temizlemede de kullanilabilmektedir. Günümüzde kullanilmakta olan mevcut tas toplama makinalari, malzeme niteligi, boyutu ve hassasiyetine göre farkli 'özellik ve modellere sahiptir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinasi (100) traktör kuyruk milinden aldigi hareketi saft yardimi ile aktarilan güç 540 dev/sn'den sanziman kullanilarak uygun çalisma devrine getiren zincire verilen hareketi disli yardimi ile tambur volan dislisine (101) aktaran güç aktarim sistemi (108) ile harekete geçmektedir. Dönen tambur volan dislisi (101) üzerindeki firlatici biçaklar (102) sayesinde elege alinan 3 cm ile 40 cm arasi taslar elek sisteminde elendikten sonra depoya aktarilmaktadir. Depo dolumu tamamlandiktan sonra ise toplanan taslar araziden çikarilarak bosaltilmaktadir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinesi (100) üzerindeki sistemlerin salinim, esneklik ve daha mukavemetli malzeme ile mamul edilmesi sayesinde maliyet fazlaligi ortadan kaldirilmis kalite ve güvenlik yükseltilmistir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinesinde (100) bulunan firlatici biçaklarin (102) bagli oldugu tambur volan dislisinin (101) dis sayisinin ve çapinin düsürülmesi, devrinde yükseltme yapilmasini saglamis ve bu sayede hem hiz hem güç fazlalastirilarak firlatici biçagin (102) tasa vurma kuvveti yükseltilmistir. Tasa vuran tambura bagli firlatici biçaklarin (102) baglantisinin vidayla yapilmasi sayesinde degistirilebilir özellik kazandirilmis böylece düsük maliyetlerle hem servise baglilik hem montaji ve demontaji kolaylasmistir. Tasa göre asinma gösteren bahsedilen firlatici biçaklarin (102) asinmaya dayanikli çelik veya benzeri malzemeden mamul edilmesi asinmanin minimuma indirilmesini saglamistir. Topragi eleme yapan elek sistemi parmaklarinin (103) Iazerden kesilmis kare çelik veya benzeri mukavemeti yüksek malzemeye çevrilmesi hem mukavemet hem küçük taslarin da depoya atilmasini saglamistir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinasinda (100) bulunan elek ile depo arasindaki mesafenin son haddine 6 adet baski yayindan olusan elek sistemi yay tertibati (104) konumlandirilarak elekte esneme saglanmistir. Kullanici hatalarindan dolayi olusan arizalarin, büyük taslarin toplanmasinda (maksimum 40 cm) tasa ilk temas eden tambur grubundaki tambur rotor milinin kesmesi sonucu firlatici biçaklarda (102) meydana gelen bükülme ve yataklarin kirilmasina bagli arizalarin giderilmesi için tambur sag ve solundaki rulmanli yataklarin sabit halinden tambur sistemi yay tertibati (105) yardimi ile esneklik kazandirilmis ve maksimum 40 cm çapindaki taslarda baski yayi ile sigorta görevi yaparak tambur gurubunun kendini yukari kaldirmasi saglanarak ariza Önlenmistir. Arazideki nemli ve tavli topraklardan dolayi tas ve firlatici biçaklara (102) yapisan topragin depo grubunda toplanmasi ve bunun sonucunda hidrolik silindirlere daha çok yüklenilmesi sorunu, deponun altinda ve arkasinda konumlandirilmis olan depo sistemi izgarasi (106) ile son elemenin gerçeklestirilmesi sonucu topragin tarlada saglanarak giderilmistir. Mevcut makinalarda sasi kisminin disinda olan tasiyici tekerlerin yanindan kaçan taslarin tekerlek vasitasiyla topraga gömülme sorununun ortadan kaldirilmasi amaciyla tekerlek çikintisi ölçüsü kadar kaz ayagi diye tabir edilen tirmik sistemi (107) sasenin sag ve soluna monte edilmistir. Bahsedilen tirmik sistemi (107) sayesinde tasin hem elege dogru yönlendirilmesi hem de tekerlek tarafindan topraga gömülen taslarin minimuma indirgenmesi saglanmistir. Bahsedilen tas toplama makinasinin (100) güç aktarim sistemi (108) farkli traktör modellerinde saftin uzun veya kisa gelmesinden dolayi olusan saft kesilmesine son veren civatadan kaydirmali sistem sayesinde kolaylik saglanmistir. Ayrica sanzimandan alinan hareketi tambur volan dislisine (101) aktaran zincir sisteminde zamanla olusan gevsekligin manuel olarak ayarlanmasina bagli ortaya çikan sorunlarin giderilmesi amaciyla kullanilan zincir sistemi yay tertibati (110) sayesinde germe islemi otomatik olarak gerçeklestirilmis böylece arizalar minimuma indirilmistir. TR DESCRIPTION STONE COLLECTING MACHINE Technical Field Bulus is a self-discharged stone collecting machine, developed to be used in opening seed beds and cleaning coasts or beaches by making unsuitable lands usable for agriculture. It takes the movement from the tractor tail shaft into its hopper with the drum transferred with the help of the shaft, and sifts the soil in its sieve and throws it into its tank. It is related to. In particular, the invention is of high quality and safety, eliminating excess cost by ensuring the oscillation, flexibility and use of more durable materials in some systems, and increasing the speed and power of the blade by reducing the number and diameter of the flywheel gear to which the blade is connected, thus increasing the force of the blade hitting the stone. It is about a stone collecting machine with easy assembly and disassembly. Known Status of the Technology The possibility of opening new agricultural lands to increase the amount of agricultural products has now decreased. Because almost all of the lands suitable for agriculture are currently used for production, the possibility of opening new agricultural lands is decreasing. Considering these facts, cleaning of agricultural lands becomes more important. Clearing of agricultural lands significantly affects the yield and quality of agricultural products. Stonyness in agricultural areas is one of the important factors that negatively affects product increase, product quality and product cost. In the land clearing process, the first processes that come to mind are cleaning stony lands and breaking down plant residues on the land surface and mixing them with the soil. One of the problems of farmers working in the field is that the stones on the field cannot be collected by hand. In addition to the need for labor and time to manually collect the stones in the field, it is a heavy job for the farmer. Nowadays, stone collecting machines have been developed so that this process can be carried out easily in a shorter time and without requiring intensive labor. These machines are specially produced to collect stones on surfaces and up to a depth of 5 cm in the field. Another feature of these machines is that they can be used to clean the sand in industrial sites and beaches. Thanks to the hydraulic unloading in the stone collecting machine, it is easier to unload the stones into trucks, trailers or field corners. Nowadays, stone collecting machines, which are used as machines to help open seed beds by making unsuitable lands usable for agriculture, and also used in beach cleaning, have different features and models according to material quality, size and sensitivity. Stone collecting machines; There are three different types: machines that collect and store stones, machines that collect stones and make barrels, and machines that break stones into smaller pieces. The machines that collect and store the stone are equipped with an end iron that removes the stone from the soil at a certain depth. The sieve mechanism inside separates the soil from the stones and prevents them from falling to the ground again, and the stones taken in are conveyed to either the tank of the machine or a vehicle moving parallel to the stone collection machine with an elevator. There are various types of screening devices such as long screening chain, short screening chain and drum, cabinet spring foot and cage sieve and conveyor chain (superior) screening devices that enable the separation of small stones and soil during the operation of stone collecting machines. Some collectors, which do not have a tip iron and can be connected to barrel making machines, remove stones from depths close to the soil surface with a finger drum by dredging effect. Stone in working with collectors; If it is in soil, it is collected by processing it in rows, or if it is in barrel form, it is collected from barrels. As the work width and work depth of stone collecting machines increases, the required tractor engine power also increases. Machines that collect stones and make barrels are machines that collect stones, especially from the surface and depths close to the surface, and arrange them on the field surface in the form of a barrel. The machines include a digging foot and a conveyor belt. The belt is capable of eliminating soil and small stones while carrying the excavated material backwards. Barrel making machines connected to the tractor three-point suspension system can work up to 4 m width. The working depth in these machines is up to 8 cm. In order to turn the stones into rows (barrels) by raking them in fields where the stone density is low; V rakes (working width 400 cm) have been developed to stack stones between 16 and 60 cm in diameter, and rotary rakes have been developed for stones between 3 and 60 cm. Stone crushing machines are machines that enable large stones and clods to be broken into smaller pieces. Essentially, they break down the stones brought to the surface of the soil with a large number of crushing arms connected to a rapidly rotating shaft. Some other types also crush and crumble stones by removing them from the soil. The broken stones are then collected by a machine that collects the stones and makes a barrel. In stone crushing machines, the power requirement for crushing work is higher. Nowadays, the type of stone collecting machines that collect and store the stones, which is frequently preferred, is a self-discharge machine type that takes the movement from the tractor tail shaft into its chamber with the drum transferred with the help of the shaft, sifts the soil in its sieve and throws it into its storage. While the mentioned stone collecting machines collect stones between 3cm and 35cm, the walking speed of the tractor is 5km/h to 8km/h. Therefore, the operating speed of the machine becomes slower and as a result, the duration of the stone collection process increases. The stone collecting machine, which is in the heavy-duty group for the purpose of using the machine, has a high probability of malfunction and wear and bending of the material, and it is highly likely that stone jamming or malfunctioning of both the machine and the tractor will occur during work done on the tank whose filling process has been completed by the user. Apart from the transmitter shaft, there is no oscillating element in large stones that can serve as a fuse. The low strength of the blades in existing machines causes wear and breakage, requiring frequent replacement of the blades. Especially if there are large stones on the field, the machine cannot work and the shaft and bearing fail. This both increases maintenance and repair costs and causes loss of business as the machine cannot be used during the replacement process. Another problem with the stone collecting machines used today is that they cannot work in moist soils. In existing stone collection machines, some soil is also taken into the machine along with the stones collected from the field. The soil stuck to the surface of the stones is taken into the machine tank during the collection process, which causes soil loss. Another problem with existing stone collecting machines is that if there are trees on the land, they cannot enter between these trees. When the stone collecting machine cannot enter between the trees, the stone collection process must be done manually there. This situation causes both loss of time and requires intensive labor. On the other hand, the difference in the length of the power transmission shaft of the stone collecting machines in use, depending on the tractor, creates a disadvantage in terms of use, while the need for manual tensioning of the chain system causes deformation if the user forgets. Due to the structure of the stone collecting machines mentioned, the maneuvering turning distance is long, which negatively affects field work and causes a decrease in working efficiency in narrow areas such as between rows. Many studies have been carried out to increase the operating efficiency of stone collecting machines and to solve existing problems. One of these studies is the invention that is the subject of the utility model numbered TR201503435 and titled "Innovation in the Machine that Enables the Collection of Waste on the Land". The invention has a helical gear transmission, which is used to collect the stones in the field, which is a major problem for farmers, a drum with oval-shaped body edges, and a hydraulic valve to prevent accidents that may occur during the discharge of waste accumulated in the tank, etc. It is about the machine for collecting waste (stone, wood, metal, etc.) that may harm the soil in places; chassis; Motion transmission transmission with helical gear group; arrow adjustment piston, hydraulic locking valve, knife, screen; bator with bow, blade, oval side edges and central body; It has drive gear, drive chain, drive reciprocating gear, wheel, hydraulic tank piston and tank. Another work is the invention that is the subject of the utility model numbered TR201103466 and titled "Triangle Rotor Stone Collecting Machine". The invention is related to a stone collecting machine that collects the stones in the soil in order to facilitate the processing of the soil, accumulates the collected stones in its chamber, and when the chamber is full, loads the stones in it to another vehicle. Thanks to this invention, large-sized stones can be collected easily. Since it contains fewer components than machines that perform similar functions, the malfunction rate has been reduced and an economical product has been achieved. The use of shock absorbing elements in machine design and the general structure of the machine being suitable for shock absorption cause the usage time of the machine to increase. Bearings that are under the influence of intense force and where different environmental forces are applied have been improved and become more durable. Another work is the invention that is the subject of the utility model numbered TR200909574 and titled "Stone Collecting Machine". The invention relates to a stone collecting machine whose efficiency is increased by developing a pallet system that works during the collection of stones in the existing land before the processing of agricultural and similar lands and the plowing of the land. The mentioned stone collecting machine can dive into the ground up to 30 cm thanks to its powerful blade, it can sift the soil down from its grid and throw the stones of 3-30 cm diameters into its warehouse with its monoblock pallet group fingers at high speed and efficiency, it can accumulate up to 3 tons of stones with its large volume tank and it can collect large stones. A study is the invention that is the subject of a utility model numbered TR200801853 and titled "Stone collecting machine". The subject of the invention is about a stone collecting machine used to collect field stones, which is a major problem for farmers. A requirement for the use of advanced agricultural mechanization tools is to ensure that agricultural lands cleared of stone are reclaimed with this machine. The desired results cannot be obtained completely with the stone collecting machines used today. The stone collecting machine, which is the subject of our invention, allows stones of all sizes to be collected easily from the field. Another work is the invention that is the subject of the utility model numbered TR200101457 and titled "Machine for Collecting Stones and Similar Materials". The invention is a machine used to collect stones and similar materials in fields that need to be cleaned (football fields, golf courses, housing estates, etc.) and in agricultural areas that have been plowed or unplowed. The invention is particularly related to directing the stones towards a center by means of a collector element with a spiral structure and transferring them from the center to a warehouse, then loading the collected materials into another vehicle, and lifting the spiral collector elements into the air at the road position of the stone collection machine. Despite all the work done, the blades used in current stone collecting machines are easily bent and damaged as a result of hitting large stones. On the other hand, large stones hit and damage not only the blades but also the chain and tractor. While this damage creates a financial disadvantage, it also causes loss of business due to the long repair time. As a result, the existence of the need for a stone collecting machine that eliminates the disadvantages of the current technique and the inadequacy of existing solutions have made it necessary to make a development in the relevant technical field. Brief Description of the Invention The present invention has been developed to meet the above-mentioned requirements, eliminate all disadvantages and bring some additional advantages, to be used in opening seed beds and cleaning coasts or beaches by making unsuitable lands usable for agriculture. It is about a self-discharging stone collecting machine that sifts the soil on its sieve and throws it into its tank. Based on the known state of the technology, the aim of the invention is to work more efficiently with less power by increasing the speed of the developed stone collecting machine; Reducing maintenance and repair costs thanks to the replaceable tips of the launcher blades that come into contact with the stone it contains; Thanks to the spring system added to the drum system that throws the stone, an insurance is created for large stones, preventing them from damaging the blades, chain and tractor, and ensuring that large stones are easily stored. The purpose of the invention is to provide savings in terms of fuel and time by increasing the operating speed of the stone collecting machine from 5 km to 11 km. Another purpose of the invention is to ensure resistance to abrasion by making the throwing blades in the stone collecting machine made of steel material. Another purpose of the invention is to ensure high resistance to abrasion, thanks to the sieve fingers of the stone collecting machine that sift the soil, being made of rectangular and steel material. Another purpose of the invention is to ensure that by adding a spring system to the sieve system in the stone collecting machine, it can be used in tempered and moist soils and to prevent the damage that large stones may cause to the blades, chain and/or tractor. Another purpose of the invention is to prevent the soil adhering to the stone from being taken with the stone both during collection and unloading by creating a final sieve by making the bottom and rear part of the stone tank in the stone collection machine with a grid system. Another purpose of the invention is to ensure that the stones in the wheel spaces and between the trees on the field can be collected, thanks to the go'ur'u'u'u rake system added to the side mouth of the stone collecting machine. Another purpose of the invention is to ensure that, thanks to the adjustable length of the power transmission shaft of the stone collecting machine, length-short adjustment can be made according to all existing tractors and thus a single machine compatible with different types of tractors is offered. Another purpose of the invention is to increase the maneuvering turning angle in field working conditions, thanks to the structure of the stone collecting machine, thus increasing the working efficiency and enabling it to be used effectively in narrow areas. Another purpose of the invention is to automatically tension the loosening caused by working in the chain system that moves the drum, thanks to the spring system added to the chain tensioning system of the stone collecting machine, thus preventing the damage that occurs if the tensioning process is forgotten. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood thanks to the figures given below and the detailed explanation written by making references to these figures, therefore the evaluation should be made by taking these figures and detailed explanations into consideration. Brief Description of the Figures: In order to best understand the structure of the present invention and its advantages with additional elements, its evaluation with the figures explained below is Figure-1; The schematic general view of the stone collecting machine is 'L'id'. Reference Numbers 100. Stone collecting machine 101. Drum flywheel gear 102. Launcher blade 103. Screen system fingers 104. Screen system spring assembly 105. Drum system spring assembly 106. Storage system grid 107. Harrow system 108. Power transmission system 109. Ten arrow tie system 110. Chain system spring assembly Detailed Description of the Invention In this detailed description, the subject of the invention was developed to be used in making the lands unsuitable for agriculture usable, opening the seed beds and cleaning the coast or beaches, and the movement it receives from the tractor tail shaft is assisted by the shaft. The self-discharge stone collecting machine (100), which sifts the soil on its sieve and throws it into its tank after taking it into its hopper with its drum transferred by , is explained only as an example for a better understanding of the subject and in a way that does not create any limiting effect. The stone collecting machine (100) shown in Figure-1 is basically; The power transmission group that transfers the motion energy provided by the tractor tail shaft, the main chassis group that carries and holds all the elements together, the soil sieving group that prevents the soil that comes with the collected stones from being taken into the warehouse, the stone throwing drum group that allows the stones to be taken into the warehouse and the collected stones are deposited. It consists of a stone storage group. The mentioned stone collecting machine (100) operates by connecting to the tractor PTO shaft. The front arrow link system (109), positioned in the part where the said stone collecting machine (100) is connected to the tractor, increases the maneuver turning angle in field working conditions by allowing the front arrow connection to extend. With the power transmission system (108) connected to the mentioned front arrow link system (109), the length of the intermediate shaft can be adjusted for connection to different types of tractors. The sieve system fingers (103), positioned at the part where the said stone collecting machine (100) comes into contact with the soil, are made of rectangular and steel material and show high resistance to abrasion. The throwing blades (102) made of steel material positioned in the stone collecting machine in question have high resistance to abrasion and reduce maintenance-repair costs thanks to their replaceable tips. If one or more of the said throwing blades (102) is worn out, the stone collecting machine (100) can be repaired by changing only the tip parts. This not only eliminates the high cost resulting from complete part replacement, but also eliminates work loss by minimizing the time spent on the complete removal and reassembly of the launcher blades (102). The drum flywheel gear (101) used in the mentioned stone collecting machine (100) increases the speed and provides more efficient operation with less power. Thus, the operating speed is increased from 6 km to 12 km, providing a significant advantage in terms of fuel and time. Thanks to the sieve system spring device (104) added to the sieve system, the stone collecting machine (100) can also be used in annealed and moist soils. In addition, thanks to the spring mechanism (104) of the mentioned screen system, large stones are prevented from damaging the stone collecting machine (100), throwing blades (102), chain and tractor. The drum system spring assembly (105), which is added to the stone-throwing drum system in the mentioned stone collection machine (100), creates an insurance system for the large stones in the field and prevents the stone collection machine (100), launcher blades (102), chain and tractor from causing these large stones. It protects against damage and ensures that the stones are put into storage. The warehouse system grid (106), positioned at the bottom and back of the mentioned stone collection warehouse, performs final elimination and prevents the soil stuck on the collected stones from being separated from the stone and taken into the warehouse with the stone both during the stone collection process and during unloading, thus preventing soil loss during the stone collection process. It allows it to be passed. The harrow system (107) positioned on the side mouths of the said stone collecting machine (100) ensures the collection of stones in the wheel spaces and between the trees on the field. The chain system spring assembly (110), which is added to the chain system that moves the drum in the mentioned stone collecting machine (100), ensures that the loosening resulting from operation is automatically tensioned and eliminated. Today, the stone collecting machine (100), which is used as a machine to help open seed beds by making lands unsuitable for agriculture usable, can also be used for coastal beach cleaning. The existing stone collecting machines in use today have different features and models depending on the material quality, size and precision. The mentioned stone collecting machine (100) is put into motion by the power transmission system (108), which transfers the movement received from the tractor tail shaft to the drum flywheel gear (101) with the help of a gear, which brings the movement given to the chain, which brings the power transferred from 540 rpm to the appropriate operating speed using the transmission, with the help of the shaft. is passing. Thanks to the launcher blades (102) on the rotating drum flywheel gear (101), the stones between 3 cm and 40 cm are sieved in the sieve system and then transferred to the warehouse. After the tank filling is completed, the collected stones are removed from the land and emptied. Thanks to the systems on the mentioned stone collecting machine (100) being manufactured with oscillatory, flexible and more durable materials, excess cost has been eliminated and quality and safety have been increased. Reducing the number of teeth and diameter of the drum flywheel gear (101) to which the launcher blades (102) in the stone collection machine (100) are connected has enabled an increase in its speed and thus, both speed and power have been increased and the force of the launcher blade (102) hitting the stone has been increased. Thanks to the connection of the launcher blades (102) connected to the drum that hits the stone, with screws, it has gained a replaceable feature, thus making it easier to connect to the service and to assemble and disassemble at low costs. The said throwing blades (102), which show wear compared to the stone, are made of wear-resistant steel or similar material, thus minimizing the wear. Converting the sieve system fingers (103) that sift the soil to laser-cut square steel or similar high-strength material ensured both strength and small stones were thrown into the tank. The sieve system spring assembly (104), consisting of 6 pressure springs, is positioned at the final limit of the distance between the sieve and the tank in the stone collecting machine (100) in question, thus providing flexibility in the sieve. In order to eliminate the malfunctions that occur due to user errors, the bending of the launcher blades (102) and the breakage of the bearings as a result of the cutting of the drum rotor shaft in the drum group that first contacts the stone while collecting large stones (maximum 40 cm), the drum system is adjusted from the fixed state of the rolling bearings on the right and left of the drum. Flexibility is gained with the help of the spring device (105) and failure is prevented by enabling the drum group to lift itself up by acting as an insurance with the pressure spring for stones with a maximum diameter of 40 cm. The problem of collecting stones and soil adhering to the launcher blades (102) in the tank group due to the moist and annealed soils in the field, and thus putting more load on the hydraulic cylinders, has been resolved by providing the soil in the field as a result of the final elimination with the tank system grid (106) positioned under and behind the tank. In order to eliminate the problem of the stones escaping from the carrying wheels, which are outside the chassis, being buried in the ground through the wheels in existing machines, the harrow system (107), called crow's feet, is mounted on the right and left of the chassis, as long as the size of the wheel protrusion. Thanks to the mentioned harrow system (107), the stone is both directed towards the screen and the stones buried in the soil by the wheel are minimized. The power transmission system (108) of the mentioned stone collecting machine (100) is facilitated by the bolt sliding system, which puts an end to the shaft cutting that occurs due to the long or short shaft in different tractor models. In addition, the tensioning process is carried out automatically thanks to the chain system spring assembly (110), which is used to eliminate the problems that arise due to manual adjustment of the looseness that occurs over time in the chain system, which transfers the movement received from the transmission to the drum flywheel gear (101), thus minimizing malfunctions. TR