TR201808719T4 - A method of applying a cement-like composition to a surface. - Google Patents
A method of applying a cement-like composition to a surface. Download PDFInfo
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- TR201808719T4 TR201808719T4 TR2018/08719T TR201808719T TR201808719T4 TR 201808719 T4 TR201808719 T4 TR 201808719T4 TR 2018/08719 T TR2018/08719 T TR 2018/08719T TR 201808719 T TR201808719 T TR 201808719T TR 201808719 T4 TR201808719 T4 TR 201808719T4
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- Prior art keywords
- cement
- composition
- weight
- water
- ettringite
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011411 calcium sulfoaluminate cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 lithium halide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
- C04B28/065—Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/32—Aluminous cements
- C04B7/323—Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B11/00—Calcium sulfate cements
- C04B11/28—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials
- C04B11/30—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials with hydraulic cements, e.g. Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00577—Coating or impregnation materials applied by spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/72—Repairing or restoring existing buildings or building materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/05—Materials having an early high strength, e.g. allowing fast demoulding or formless casting
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Bu buluş, (i) bir hızlandırıcı, (ii) bir kalsiyum sülfat kaynağı ve (iii) etrenjit oluşturan çimentoyu; bir agrega; ve isteğe bağlı olarak suyu içeren bir çimento bileşimini kapsayan bir çimento benzeri bileşimi sağlar, burada çimento, yerleştirilmesinden sonra 15 dakikada ASTM C1140 ve/veya C1604; kullanımına yönelik yöntemler ve bundan oluşturulan betona göre test edildiğinde, 1500 psi minimum sıkıştırılmamış basınç kuvvetine sahiptir.The present invention relates to (i) an accelerator, (ii) a source of calcium sulfate, and (iii) ethrenite-forming cement; an aggregate; and optionally a water-containing cement composition. and has a minimum uncompressed pressure force of 1500 psi when tested according to the methods of use and the concrete formed therefrom.
Description
TARIFNAME BIR ÇIMENTO BENZERI BILESIMIN BIR YÜZEYE UYGULANMASINA YÖNELIK YÖNTEM Mevcut bulus, bir çimento benzeri bilesimin bir yüzeye uygulanmasina yönelik yöntemi Yönetime ait yapilara yönelik terörist saldirilar ile ilgili halihazirda bulunan endiseler nedeniyle, bilinen çimento benzeri sistemlerin, hasar gören bir yapiyi hizli bir sekilde stabilize etmek üzere bir erken müdahale ekibi ile hizmet vermeleri amaciyla yeterince yüksek bir erken kür kuvvetine sahip olmamalari sorununun çözülmesine yönelik istek mevcuttur. Agir sekilde çökmeden önce patlayicilar ile sarsilan ve/veya hasar gören bir havaalani pisti, bir tünel, köprü ve/veya bir baraj gibi bir yapiyi hizli bir sekilde stabilize etme özelligini saglayacak bir sisteme ihtiyaç duyulur. DESCRIPTION FOR APPLYING A CEMENT-LIKE COMPOSITION TO A SURFACE METHOD The present invention describes a method of applying a cement-like composition to a surface. Current concerns about terrorist attacks on administrative structures Because of this, known cement-like systems can quickly repair a damaged structure. adequately for them to serve with an early response team to stabilize desire to solve the problem that they do not have a high early cure strength available. A rock that is shaken and/or damaged by explosives before it collapses heavily. quickly stabilize a structure such as an airport runway, a tunnel, a bridge, and/or a dam. A system is needed to provide the feature of
Madencilik uygulamalarinda, bir isçinin güvenligini tehlikeye atmadan böyle bir yapida üretkenligini arttirmak amaciyla kazi, saft veya tünel hazirlamak üzere harcanan sürenin azaltilmasina yönelik problemi çözme istegi vardir. In mining applications, such a structure can be used without compromising the safety of a worker. spent to prepare excavations, shafts or tunnels to increase productivity there is a desire to solve the problem to reduce the time.
Bu sorunlarin Iyilestirilmesine yönelik bir yol aranir. A way to improve these problems is sought.
W097/45379A1, madencilik ve benzeri endüstrilerde çimento benzeri bir bilesimin püskürtülmesine yönelik bir yöntemi açiklar, burada ayarlama süresi kavrulmus çimento klinkeri, alçitasi ve kireç oranlari degistirilerek ayarlanabilir. US duvarin madeni gibi bir yüzeyde bir kaplama olusturmak üzere püskürtmeyi açiklar. US Bulusa göre, bir çimento benzeri bilesimin bir yüzeye uygulanmasina yönelik bir yöntem saglanir, bu yöntem, bir püskürtme harçli çimento benzeri bilesimin bir hortum veya borudan bir çikis agzina verilmesini içerir, burada bir karisimin olusturulmasi ve karisimin, sikistirilmis bir gaz kullanilarak yüzeye çikarilmasi amaciyla su verilir, burada püskürtme harçli çimento benzeri bilesim, asagidakileri içeren bir çimento bilesenini içerir: (i) etrenjit nükleasyonuna yardimci olabilen ve bir lityum tuzu olan bir hizlandirici (ii) bir kalsiyum sülfat kaynagi ve (iii) bir etrenjit olusturan çimento ve agrega olarak kum, burada kumun agirlik orani: çimento bileseni 221 ila 6:1 arasindadir, burada etrenjit olusturan çimento, kullanimda C4A38* olusturan C4A38* veya bir çimento bilesenlerinin bir karisimini içerir, burada C, CaO, A, AI203 ve S*, SOa'yü simgeler, burada etrenjit olusturan çimento, çimento bileseninin toplam kati içerigine bagli olarak agirlikça %20 ila %80 arasinda bir miktarda mevcuttur, burada, su ile karistirildiginda, bilesim, yüzey üzerine çiktiktan 15 dakika sonra, ASTM C1140 ve/veya C1604'e göre test edildiginde, bir minimum sikistirilmamis basinç kuvvetine ulasir ve burada su, 0.25:1 ila 0.8:1 arasinda bir çimento kati agirlik oranina su saglamak üzere verilir. bilesimini refere eder. Genel olarak, su Içeren çimento bilesimi hazirlanir ve ardindan bir giris agzina pompalanir, burada basinçli hava, bölgede, bir substrat üzerindeki bir bilesimi uygulamak üzere tasarlanacak sekilde verilir. "Püskürtme harç" terimi, bölgeye püskürtülerek uygulanan bir çimento bilesimini refere eder. Genel olarak, kuru çimento bilesimi, bir hortum veya borudan bir giris agzina basinçlanir, burada su verilir ve nemli (islak) karisim, basinçli hava ile bölgede, bir substrat üzerine uygulanir. W097/45379A1 is a cement-like composition used in mining and similar industries. describes a method for spraying, where setting time is roasted It can be adjusted by changing the proportions of cement clinker, gypsum and lime. BASE describes spraying to form a coating on a surface such as the metal of a wall. BASE According to the invention, there is a method for applying a cement-like composition to a surface. method is provided, this method is a hose made of a cement-like composition with a spray mortar. or from the pipe to an outlet, where a mixture is formed and water is given to bring the mixture to the surface using a compressed gas, wherein the spray mortar cement-like composition is a cement comprising: It contains component: (i) a lithium salt which may aid in ettringite nucleation. accelerator (ii) a source of calcium sulfate and (iii) cement forming an ettringite, and sand as aggregate, where the weight ratio of sand: cement component 221 to 6:1 where ettringite-forming cement is C4A38*-forming C4A38* in use or a mixture of cement components, wherein C, CaO, A, Al2O3 and S*, It stands for SOa, where the ettringite forming cement is the total solid of the cement component. available in amounts of between 20% and 80% by weight, depending on its content, when mixed with water, the composition is 15 minutes after exposure to the surface, ASTM C1140 and/or when tested to C1604, a minimum It reaches an uncompressed pressure force, where the water is between 0.25:1 and 0.8:1. It is given to provide water to cement solid weight ratio. refers to the composition. Generally, the water-containing cement composition is prepared and then an inlet is pumped into the mouth, where compressed air is pumped in the zone, over a substrate. supplied in a form designed to administer the composition. The term "spray mortar" refers to a spray-applied cement composition. In general, dry cement The composition is pressurized from a hose or pipe into an inlet opening, where water is supplied and moist. The (wet) mixture is applied to a substrate in the area with compressed air.
Püskürtme harç veya püskürtme beton genel olarak, açik kazi, kuyu açma ve tünel açmada geçici destek saglamak üzere kullanilir. Tipik olarak kalici destek kurulabilene kadar açiktaki zemini desteklemek üzere püskürtülür. Kalici destek, beton segmental astarlar, çelik destekler, kaya civatalari, ek püskürtme beton veya püskürtme harç kalinligi ve bu destek tiplerinden bir veya daha fazlasinin kombinasyonlari veya teknikte uzman kisilerce bilinen diger teknikler seklinde olabilir. Shotcrete or shotcrete is generally used for open excavation, well drilling and tunneling. It is used to provide temporary support in opening. Typically permanent support can be established It is sprayed to support the exposed ground up to Permanent support, concrete segmental linings, steel supports, rock bolts, additional shotcrete or shot mortar thickness and combinations of one or more of these support types, or may be in the form of other techniques known to those skilled in the art.
Açik kazilarda, bir asansör kaldirildiginda ve yeni ortaya çikan zemin ayakta kalma süresi sinirli oldugunda, stabilizasyona yönelik olarak önce püskürtme beton veya püskürtme harç püskürtülür ve daha sonra kalici destege yönelik olarak toprak çivileri veya baska bir destek araci kurulur. Kuyu açmada, bir yuvarlak disari atildiginda ve bir halka kurulmadan önce, genellikle destek için bir püskürtme beton veya püskürtme harç uygulanir. Tünel açmada, maruz kalan yüz, bir sonraki yuvarlak patlatmaya yönelik olarak hazirlanana kadar püskürtme beton veya püskürtme harç ile siklikla püskürtülür. Buna ek olarak, tünel yüzeyine genellikle, çati civatalari veya çelik halkalar veya beton segmental kaplamalar kurulabilene kadar püskürtme beton veya püskürtme harç püskürtülür. Püskürtme beton ve püskürtme harç, kaya yüzeylerinin geçici stabilizasyonuna yönelik olarak yillarca basariyla kullanilan, kanitlanmis malzemelerdir. In open excavations, when an elevator is raised and the newly emerged ground remains standing when the time is limited, first shotcrete or spray mortar is sprayed and then soil nails for permanent support or another support tool is installed. In a well, when a circle is thrown out and a before the ring is installed, usually a shotcrete or shotcrete for support mortar is applied. In tunneling, the exposed face is blasted to the next round. frequently with shotcrete or shotcrete until ready for sprayed. In addition, roof bolts or steel rings are often attached to the tunnel surface. or shotcrete or shotcrete until concrete segmental coatings can be installed. mortar is sprayed. Shotcrete and shot mortar, temporary They are proven materials that have been used successfully for years for stabilization.
Geleneksel püskürtme beton veya püskürtme harç, çimentolu veya katkisiz Portland çimentosuna dayanir. Geleneksel püskürtme betonunda veya tabancasinda kullanilan katki maddeleri, hizlandiricilar, geciktiriciler, anti-ribaunt ajanlari ve teknikte uzman kisilerce bilinen diger malzemeler olabilir. Konvansiyonel püskürtme beton veya püskürtme harç, sadece birkaç dakika içinde ayarlanabilir, ancak kuvvetlerinin çoguna ulasmak üzere 28 gün süren sertlesme süresi ile nispeten yavastir. Birinci günde dahi yalnizca yaklasik serbest basinç kuvvetini sahip olacaktir. Bu, püskürtme betonu veya püskürtme harci civarinda madencilik faaliyetlerini sürdürmek güvenli olana kadar sertlesirken, püskürtme harci veya püskürtme betonunun püskürtülmesinden sonra önemli bir gecikme oldugu anlamina gelir. Bu gecikme, betonun ulasmasi gereken kabul edilebilir bir güç olarak düsünülen adima baglidir. Bu, bir gün veya daha fazlasi olmak üzere alan kosullarina bagli olacaktir. Bu zaman gecikmesi madencilik islemlerini yavaslatir ve püskürtme betonunun veya püskürtme harcinin kullanilabilecegi uygulamalari sinirlar. Conventional shotcrete or shotcrete, with or without cement, Portland based on cement. Used in conventional shotcrete or gun additives, accelerators, retardants, anti-rebound agents and skilled in the art There may be other materials known to persons. conventional shotcrete or The spray mortar can be set in just a few minutes, but it has most of its strength. It is relatively slow with a curing time of 28 days to reach. even on the first day it will only have approximate free pressure force. This, maintaining mining operations around shotcrete or shotcrete spray mortar or shotcrete while curing until safe. means that there is a significant delay after spraying. This delay it depends on the step considered as an acceptable strength that the concrete must reach. This, one day or more will depend on area conditions. This time delay slows down mining operations and prevents shotcrete or shotcrete Limits the applications in which the mortar can be used.
Sasirtici bir sekilde, bulusun yönteminde kullanilan bilesimin, yerlestirildikten 15 dakika degerinde minimum serbest basinç kuvveti sagladigi kesfedilmistir. Madencilik veya tünel açma uygulamalarinda, bu kisa sertlesme süresinin, püskürtme ekipmanini uygulama alanindan çikarmak ve madencilik veya tünel açma faaliyetlerini yeniden baslatmak üzere az ama sinirli bir süre gerekmesi nedeniyle, anlik oldugu kabul edilir. Surprisingly, the composition used in the method of the invention is 15 minutes after it is placed. It has been discovered that it provides a minimum free pressure force of mining or in tunneling applications, this short curing time reduces blasting equipment. removing it from the application area and restarting mining or tunneling activities. It is considered instantaneous, as it takes a small but limited time to initiate.
Bilesim etkin bir sekilde aniden sertlesen bir yapisal kaplama oldugundan, madencilik ve tünel açma disinda uygulamalara sahip olacaktir. Bir uygulama, depremler, izinsiz patlayicilar vb. yoluyla hasar gören yapilarin geçici olarak stabilize edilmesidir. Bilesim, hasar gören yapiya kalici bir onarim gerçeklestirilinceye veya yapi, kontrollü bir sekilde yikilana kadar stabil hale getirilecek sekilde bir kaplama olarak uygulanabilir. Bilesim ayrica, bir kiris veya bir dört köseli sütun gibi bir destekleyici eleman olusturacak sekilde tabancanin püskürtülmesi suretiyle in situ bir yapisal destek elemani olusturmak üzere kullanilabilir. olan bir kalsiyum trisülfoalüminati refere eder. Etrenjit, kalsiyum alüminat ve kalsiyum sülfat içeren çimento benzeri bilesimlere su katilmasi yoluyla üretilir. Ingiliz Patent No. 1506417, Portland çimentosu, alüminyumlu çimento ve kalsiyum sülfat içeren bir bilesimin kullanimini açiklar. Ingiliz Patent No. 1506417'nin bilesiminde, alüminyumlu CaO.2AI203'tür ve kalsiyum sülfat, bir dihidrat, bir hemihidrat veya bir anhidrit gibi mevcut kalsiyum sülfat formlarindan herhangi biri olabilir. Since the composition is a structural coating that hardens effectively, mining and will have applications other than tunneling. An app, earthquakes, unauthorized explosives etc. It is the temporary stabilization of damaged structures by means of Compound, until a permanent repair is carried out to the damaged structure or the structure is It can be applied as a coating to be stabilized until demolished. Compound it will also form a supporting member such as a beam or a square column. an in situ structural support member by spraying the gun can be used to create. It refers to a calcium trisulfoaluminate which is Ettringite, calcium aluminate and calcium It is produced by adding water to cement-like compositions containing sulfates. British Patent No. 1506417 is a product containing Portland cement, aluminum cement and calcium sulfate. explains the use of the compound. British Patent No. In the composition of 1506417, with aluminum It is CaO.2Al2O3 and is like calcium sulfate, a dihydrate, a hemihydrate or an anhydride. any of the available forms of calcium sulfate.
Etrenjit, C'nin CaO'yu, A'nin AI203'ü ve S*'nin SOg'yu simgeledigi C4A38* olan Klein bilesimini içeren bir çimento benzeri bilesim ile olusturulabilir. Etrenjit olusturan çimento C4A38* veya kullanimda C4A38* olusturan bir çimento bilesenleri karisimindan olusur. Klein with ettringite, C4A38* where C stands for CaO, A stands for AI2O3, and S* stands for SOg can be formed with a cement-like composition containing ettringite forming cement It consists of a mixture of cement components, forming C4A38* or C4A38* in use.
Bazi düzenlemelerde, etrenjit olusturan çimento, Portland çimento betonu ile kullanima yönelik bir mineral katki maddesi olarak Qwix® (Buzzi Unicem USA lnc.) adiyla pazarlanan bir çimento olabilir. Qwix® bilesenlerinin bir analizi, Örnek 1'de verilir. In some embodiments, ettringite-forming cement may be used with Portland cement concrete. as Qwix® (Buzzi Unicem USA lnc.) as a mineral additive for may be a marketed cement. An analysis of the Qwix® components is given in Example 1.
Qwix®, ASTM C219 basina hidrolik çimento benzeri bir malzeme olarak kabul edilir. Qwix® is considered a hydraulic cement-like material per ASTM C219.
Sasirtici bir sekilde, Qwix®'in, Portland çimentosu olmadan yararli oldugu kesfedilmistir. Surprisingly, Qwix® is beneficial without Portland cement. has been discovered.
Etrenjit olusturan çimento, agirlikça %20'den, örnegin agirlikça %30'dan, tercihen agirlikça %80'e, örnegin agirlikça %60'a, örnegin agirlikça %50'ye kadar olacak bir miktarda mevcuttur. olarak uygun olan herhangi bir kalsiyum sülfat kaynagini refere eder. Teknikte uzman bir kisi, uygun bir kalsiyum sülfat kaynagi belirleyebilir. Örnegin uygun bir kalsiyum sülfat kaynagi, beta anhidrit, alçitasi veya hemihidrat içerir; tipik olarak beta anhidrit, istege bagli olarak alçitasi ve/veya hemihidrat ile kombinasyon halinde kullanilir. Bazi düzenlemelerde, kalsiyum sülfat kaynagi, agirlikça %1 ila agirlikça, tercihen agirlikça simgeledigi C4A38* formülünden olusan saf kalsiyum sülfoalüminati refere eder. Bu bazen, Klein bilesimi olarak bilinir ve ayrica 3CaO.3AI203.CaSO4 olarak yazilabilir. bilesiminin kürünü hizlandiran bir ajani refere eder. Bazi düzenlemelerde hizlandirici, bir kristal nükleasyon ajani olabilir. Hizlandirici, örnegin Iityum karbonat (LI2COg) gibi bir Iityum tuzu, bir Iityum halojenür (örnegin LiCI2) veya teknikte uzman olan kisilerce bilinen diger uygun Iityum tuzlaridir. Hizlandirici, agirlikça %001 ila agirlikça %5 oraninda bir miktarda mevcut olabilir. Ettringite-forming cement, preferably from 20% by weight, eg 30% by weight, preferably up to 80% by weight, for example 60% by weight, for example 50% by weight available in quantity. refers to any suitable source of calcium sulfate. technical expert one can identify a suitable source of calcium sulfate. For example, a suitable calcium the sulfate source includes beta anhydride, alchitasia, or hemihydrate; typically beta anhydride, It is optionally used in combination with gypsum and/or hemihydrate. Some in embodiments, the source of calcium sulfate is from 1 wt% to 1 wt%, preferably It refers to pure calcium sulfoaluminate formed by the formula C4A38*, which it represents. This sometimes known as the Klein compound and can also be written as 3CaO.3AI2O3.CaSO4. refers to an agent that accelerates the curing of its composition. In some arrangements, the accelerator, may be a crystal nucleation agent. Accelerator, such as Lithium carbonate (LI2COg) a lithium salt, a lithium halide (eg LiCl2), or by those skilled in the art. other suitable lithium salts are known. Accelerator, 001% by weight to 5% by weight may be present in an amount of
Bir düzenlemede, çimento bilesimi esas olarak, çimento bilesimi ve kumdan olusabilir. In one embodiment, the cement composition may consist essentially of the cement composition and sand.
Bir diger düzenlemede, çimento bilesimi, çimento bilesimi ve kumdan olusabilir. Bir düzenlemede, çimento bilesimi, örnegin Portland çimentosunda oldugu üzere büyük ölçüde serbest olabilir. Çimento bilesiminin bir içerigine yönelik "% agirlikça" terimi, çimento bileseninin toplam kati içeriginin agirlikça yüzdesine refere eder. Çimento benzeri bilesim, bir agrega olarak kum içerir. Agrega, beton olusturmak üzere uygun olmalidir ve reaktif degildir ve küçülme ve maliyetin düsürülmesine yönelik görev görür. Agreganin çimento bilesenine agirlik orani, örnegin 4:1, örnegin 321 olmak üzere 211 ila 6:1 arasindadir. Bazi düzenlemelerde, agrega, yüzdelik dolgu maddesine karsi parçacik büyüklük Iogunun bir taslaginin büyük ölçüde dogrusal oldugu sekilde bir gradasyonlu agrega olabilir. Bir gradasyonlu agreganin bir avantaji, minimum bosluk ile beton olusturmak üzere gerekli olan su miktarini minimize etmesidir. Bazi düzenlemelerde, agrega, örnegin 15 mikron ila 12 mm araliginda olmak üzere, 10 mikronluk bir parçacik boyutuna sahip bir gradasyonlu agrega olabilir. Teknikte uzman kisilerce bilindigi üzere, püskürtme betonda kullanilan bir agreganin parçacik boyutu, püskürtme harcina yönelik olana göre daha büyük olabilir. Parçacik boyutu, bir lazer parçacik boyutu analiz cihazi kullanilarak veya eleme yoluyla belirlenebilir. çimento bilesimini püskürtmek üzere genellikle faydalanilan ekipman araciligiyla püskürtülebilecegini belirtmek amaciyla kullanilir. Bazi düzenlemelerde, çimento bilesimi ve agrega, ömegin 12mm'den daha fazla olmayan bir maksimum parçacik boyutuna sahip olmak üzere püskürtme ile uygulanmaya uygun bir parçacik boyutuna sahiptir. In another embodiment, the cement composition may consist of cement composition and sand. A In the arrangement, the cement composition is large as, for example, Portland cement. may be free to some extent. The term "% by weight" for a content of the cement composition refers to the total refers to the percent by weight of the solid content. The cement-like composition contains sand as an aggregate. Aggregate to form concrete must be convenient and non-reactive and the task of downsizing and cost reduction sees. Weight ratio of aggregate to cement component, eg 4:1, eg 321 It is between 211 and 6:1. In some embodiments, aggregate versus percent filler particle size may be a graded aggregate. One advantage of a graded aggregate is that it has minimal voids. It minimizes the amount of water required to form concrete. Some In embodiments, the aggregate is 10 microns, for example, in the range of 15 microns to 12 mm. It may be a graded aggregate having a particle size of one micron. technical expert As is known to people, the particle size of an aggregate used in shotcrete is may be larger than for spray mortar. Particle size, a laser particle size can be determined using the analyzer or by sieving. through equipment usually used to spray the cement composition It is used to indicate that it can be sprayed. In some embodiments, cement composition and aggregate, eg a maximum particle size of not more than 12mm to a particle size suitable for application by spraying. has.
Bilesimin uygulanma adimi, bilesimin, hava gibi bir basinçli gaz ile püskürtülmesini Bir düzenlemede, bilesimin uygulandigi yüzey, bir maden, tünel veya bina yapi yüzeyidir. üzere bir çimento kati maddelerinin su ile desteklenmesini içerir. "Çimento kati maddeleri" terimi, bulusa göre, bilesimin aköz olmayan içeriklerini refere eder. The step of applying the composition involves spraying the composition with a pressurized gas such as air. In one embodiment, the surface to which the composition is applied is a mine, tunnel, or building structure. is the surface. It includes supporting a cement solids such as water. "Cement solid The term "ingredients" refers to the non-aqueous ingredients of the composition according to the invention.
Bulus, bulusun belirtilen kapsamini sinirlama amaci tasimayan asagidaki örneklere referans verilerek açiklanir. The invention includes the following examples, which are not intended to limit the stated scope of the invention. explained by reference.
Bir püskürtme karisimi, asagidaki maddelerden olusturulmustur: Agirlikça üç parça ince kum; ve Buzzi Unicem USA Inc.'den temin edilebilen Qwix adli ticari olarak alinabilen bir hidrolik çimentonun bir parçasi. A spray mix is composed of the following ingredients: Three parts by weight of fine sand; and Buzzi is a commercially available product called Qwix, available from Unicem USA Inc. part of hydraulic cement.
Kullanilan kum ACI 506R-05 ile olusturulmustur ve US eleme boyutu #16 üzerinden gösterilir. Hidrolik çimentonun yari kantitatif XRD analizi, bunun, Klein'in bilesiginin yaklasik %40'ini içerdigini göstermistir. Qwix hidrolik çimentonun detayli XRD/XRF/ICP-OES analizinin, asagidakileri içerdigi ortaya çikmistir (burada yüzdeler agirlikçadir): Numune Kimligi Buzzi Qwix Numune Kimligi Buzzi Qwix 19.78 98.32 Asagidaki testler, Qwix®'in çimento olarak kullanilmasi ile gerçeklestirilmistir: Kum: Çimento agirlik orani Su Orani (gal) W:CM Tablo 2'de bulunan "W:CM" kisaltmasi, su ile çimento kati maddeleri arasindaki bir agirlik oranini refere eder. Her bir test karisimi, test paneline, bir Reed Sova püskürtme harç makinesi kullanilarak püskürtülmüstür. Püskürtme beton test panellerinden gelen numuneleri hazirlamak ve test etmek üzere ASTM prosedürü C1140 izlenmistir. Test paneli, 3/4 inç kontrplaktan yapilmistir ve 24 ins x 24 ins x 4 ins derin olarak (1 inç = doldurulmustur. Silindirler, 5.08 cm (2 inç) bir çapa ve 10.16 cm (4 inç) bir yükseklige sahiptir, Silindirler, ASTM C1604 basina, test panellerinden alinmistir ve çikarilmistir ve ASTM C39 basina 15 dakikada basinç kuvvetine yönelik olarak test edilmistir. basinç kuvvetleri elde edilmistir. Ölçülen süre, kutuya püskürtme isleminin baslangicindan itibaren geçen süredir. Test islemi gerçeklestirildiginde, çekirdeklerden bazilari yalnizca 11 dakika sürerken, kutunun doldurulmasi 3-4 dakikayi geçmez. The grit used was created with ACI 506R-05 and over US screening size #16 is displayed. Semi-quantitative XRD analysis of hydraulic cement shows that it is Klein's compound. showed that it contains about 40%. Details of Qwix hydraulic cement The XRD/XRF/ICP-OES analysis turned out to include the following (where percentages by weight): Sample ID Buzzi Qwix Sample ID Buzzi Qwix 19.78 98.32 The following tests were performed using Qwix® as cement: Sand: Cement weight ratio Water Ratio (gal) W:CM The abbreviation "W:CM" in Table 2 is a combination of water and cement solids. refers to the weight ratio. Each test mix is sprayed onto the test panel with one Reed Sova spray. sprayed using a mortar machine. from shotcrete test panels. ASTM procedure C1140 was followed to prepare and test specimens. Test panel is made of 3/4 inch plywood and measures 24 in. x 24 in. x 4 in. deep (1 inch = has been filled. The rollers have a diameter of 5.08 cm (2 inches) and a height of 10.16 cm (4 inches). Cylinders have been taken and removed from test panels, per ASTM C1604, and Tested for compressive strength at 15 minutes per ASTM C39. pressure forces are obtained. measured time is the time elapsed since the start of the can spray operation. test process performed, while some of the beans only take 11 minutes, It does not take more than 3-4 minutes to fill.
Bulusta kullanilan bilesimler, ayarlanacak süreyi ölçmek amaciyla hazirlanmistir ve bilinen formülasyonlar ile karsilastirilmistir. Örnek 2'de kullanilan bilesimler, Tablo 3'te Iistelenir: çimento Baslangiç Ayari (dakika) Bitis Ayari (dakika) Ortalama Portland Çimentosu 138 222 CTS Rapid Set 12 14 Qwix (fazla w:cm) 3.5 5.5 Qwix (az w:cm) 2.0 4.5 China CSA (temiz) 60 178 Hydrostone 10 12 Qwix hidrolik çimento, Örnek 1'de ayrintili olarak anlatilmistir. OPC, U.S Tür 1'dir. CTS rapid set, CTS sirketi tarafindan üretilen, içine karistirilmis bir miktarda OPC içeren bir CSA çimentosudur. China CSA, Çin'de üretilen ve CSA yüksek kuvvet materyali olarak pazarlanan bir kalsiyum sülfoalüminat çimentodur. Eklenen herhangi ilave kalsiyum sülfati barindirmaz. Bu çimentodaki yegane çimento, Klein bilesiminin bir parçasidir. The compositions used in the invention were prepared to measure the time to be set and compared with known formulations. The compositions used in Example 2 are listed in Table 3: Cement Initial Setting (minutes) End Setting (minutes) Average Portland Cement 138 222 CTS Rapid Set 12 14 Qwix (more w:cm) 3.5 5.5 Qwix (less w:cm) 2.0 4.5 China CSA (clean) 60 178 Hydrostone 10 12 Qwix hydraulic cement is described in detail in Example 1. OPC is U.S. Type 1. CTS rapid set is a product produced by the CTS company, containing a mixed amount of OPC. It is CSA cement. China CSA, made in China, as CSA high strength material It is a marketed calcium sulfoaluminate cement. Any added calcium added does not contain sulfate. The only cement in this cement is part of the Klein composition.
Hydrostone U.S alçitasi tarafindan verilen plaster (baska bir deyisle kalsiyum sülfat Ayar süresine ait veri, ASTM C 1398'i takiben elde edilmistir. Karisim oranlari, Tablo 4 ve 5'te (burada "w:c", su:çimento agirlik oranini refere ederken, "s:c", bir kumzçimento agirlik oranini refere eder) ifade edilmistir. Plaster supplied by Hydrostone U.S. plaster (aka calcium sulfate The data for the setting time were obtained following ASTM C 1398. Mixing ratios, Table 4 and 5 (where "w:c" refers to the water:cement weight ratio, "s:c" is a sand cement refers to the weight ratio).
Bilesen (g) Qwix (Fazla w:cm) Qwix (az w:cm) Çimento 510 510 Su 229.5 204 Bilesen (g) CTS Rapid Set Hydrostone çimento 510 443 Su 204 III China CSA, baska bir deyisle, kum çimento agirlik orani 3 ila 1 ve W:C 0.3 olacak sekilde, CTS karisimina benzer bir yol ile hazirlanmistir. Buna uygun olarak, bulusta kullanilan bilesimlere yönelik ayar süresinin oldukça kisa oldugu görülebilir. Component (g) Qwix (Excess w:cm) Qwix (less w:cm) Cement 510 510 Water 229.5 204 Component (g) CTS Rapid Set Hydrostone cement 510 443 Water 204 III China CSA, in other words, sand cement weight ratio will be 3 to 1 and W:C 0.3 In this way, it was prepared in a similar way to the CTS mix. Accordingly, in the invention it can be seen that the setting time for the compositions used is quite short.
Bu örnekte, bulusta kullanilan bilesim, kiris formunda, hasar görmüs bina yapilarini güçlendirmek üzere kullanilmistir. In this example, the composition used in the invention is beam form, damaged building structures. used to strengthen.
On standartli basit bir sekilde desteklenen kirisler, 28 gün süren kürlemenin ardindan kullanilmistir. Bu kirisler taranmistir ve betonarme demirinin gerçek konumu tespit edilmis ve isaretlenmistir. Kango havali çekiç kullanilarak tüm kirislere farkli derecelerde çiftler halinde hasar verilmistir. Ardindan, her bir çiftten bir hasarli kirise, China CSA çimentosu ve OPC'nin bir harmani ve kum (Hanson tarafindan yapilan) olan bir Quickcem çimentosunun bir karisimi olan bir püskürtme harç karisimi püskürtülür. Hasar gören püskürtülmüs kirisler, 4 nokta egilmesi altinda test edilmistir. Simply supported beams with ten standards, after 28 days of curing used. These beams have been scanned and the actual position of the reinforcing iron has been determined. marked and marked. Using a Kango air hammer, different beams can be applied to all beams. degrees of damage in pairs. Then, from each pair to one damaged beam, A blend of China CSA cement and OPC and sand (made by Hanson) a spray mortar mix that is a mix of Quickcem cement with sprayed. Damaged blasted beams were tested under 4 point bending.
Hasarli kirisler, zarar gören alanlarda basarisiz olmustur. Hasar gören püskürtülmüs kirisler, tamir edilen alanin disinda, bulusta kullanilan bilesimin, hasar gören kirisi güçlendirmeye yardimci oldugunu göstermekte basarisiz olmustur. Damaged beams have failed in damaged areas. Damaged sprayed beams, damaged beam of the composition used in the invention, outside the repaired area failed to show that it helps to strengthen.
Asagidaki örnekte, Örneklerde kullanilan agrega gradasyonu, eleme yoluyla tespit edilmistir ve elde edilen sonuçlar, farkli kum gradasyonuna yönelik olarak Tablo 6-9'da gösterilir: CAER kum Eleme Tutulan % % % Boyutu Kütle (g) Tutulan Kümülatif Kümülatif Geçis Tutulan 1& 1/2 0 100 0 1 0 0 100 0 3/4 0 0 100 0 1/2 0 0 100 0 29980 99.9 Tutulan Kütle % Tutulan 12.1 0.4 99.6 67.8 2.3 97.3 ACI Gradasyon Limitleri Gradasyon Gradasyon 95 -100 80-98 50-85 -60 -30 90 - 100 70 - 85 50 -70 -55 Tutulan Kütle 429.0 1164.? 752.0 201.7 29980 Eleme Boyutu Eleme Boyutu (mm) 38.10 .40 19.00 12.70 0.595 0.297 0.149 100.0 ACI Gradasyon Limitleri Iri #2 Ince #1 CAER kum 30 8.0 8.0 2 10 1.3 1 2 0 3 0.7 0 7 Asagidaki örnekte, Örnek 1'de açiklanan ASTM prosedürü C 1140 uyarinca hazirlanan beton silindirlerinin basinç kuvveti, Örnek 4'te ayrintili olarak incelenen, iri veya ince olmak üzere Qwix çimentosu kullanilarak tespit edilmistir. In the example below, the aggregate gradation used in the Examples was determined by screening. and the results obtained are presented in Table 6-9 for different sand gradation. is shown: CAER sand Elimination % % % Size Mass (g) Cumulative Retained Cumulative Passed 1& 1/2 0 100 0 1 0 0 100 0 3/4 0 0 100 0 1/2 0 0 100 0 29980 99.9 Mass Retained % Retained 12.1 0.4 99.6 67.8 2.3 97.3 ACI Gradation Limits gradation gradation 95 -100 80-98 50-85 -60 -30 90 - 100 70 - 85 50 -70 -55 Mass Retained 429.0 1164.? 752.0 201.7 29980 Screening Size Screening Size (mm) 38.10 .40 19.00 12.70 0.595 0.297 0.149 100.0 ACI Gradation Limits Coarse #2 Fine #1 CAER grit 30 8.0 8.0 2 10 1.3 1 2 0 3 0.7 0 7 In the example below, a sample prepared according to ASTM procedure C 1140 described in Example 1 compressive force of concrete cylinders, coarse or fine, examined in detail in Example 4. fixed using Qwix cement.
Tablo 10, iri çimento ve indike miktar su ile birlikte, 2:1'Iik kum:çimento agirlik orani kullanilarak hazirlanan numunelerin basinç kuvvetini gösterir: Basinçli Kuvvet (psi) Kürleme Süresi (saat) Basinçli Kuvvet (psi) 7 9829 28 8237 Kürleme Süresi (gün)112 Tablo 11 ve 12, ince çimento ve indike miktar su ile birlikte hazirlanan numunelerin basinç kuvvetini gösterir: Basinçli Kuvvet (psi) s:c agirlik orani 2:1 2:1 1:1 Basinçli Kuvvet (psi) Basinçli Kuvvet (psi) Numune Kimligi s:c agirlik orani 3:1 4:1 wzc agirlik orani 0.491 0.583 Kürleme Süresi 112 9900 (1522 46660 54085 59105 67975 66295 73715 72685 92295 67380 73025 10229 10310 Tablo 13, ince çimento ve indike miktar su ile birlikte hazirlanan numunelerin basinç kuvvetini gösterir: Basinçli Kuvvet Numune Kimligi Ince 3:1 Silika Tozu (0.6 gal) Ince 3:1 Uçucu Kül (0.6 gal) Silika Tozu - çimento kati Uçucu Kül - çimento kati Stabilize edici ajan maddelerinin agirlikça %5'i maddelerinin agirlikça %25'i s:c agirlik orani 3:1 3:1 wzc agirlik orani 0.473 0.543 1 6445 6235 Kürleme Suresi (saat) 8585 8035 6 8205 7915 7 8925 8455 Asagidaki örnekte, hizlandiricinin etkisi, Iityum karbonat, hiçbir agreganin kullanilmadigi bir macun içerisinde incelenmistir. Çimentonun kürü, X-isini kirinimi yoluyla birincil etrenjit zirvesinin tespit edilmesi ile izlenmistir. Etrenjitin, temel kuvvet olusturan mineral olduguna inanilir. Table 10, 2:1 sand:cement weight ratio with coarse cement and indicated amount of water shows the compressive strength of the samples prepared using: Compressed Force (psi) Curing Time (hours) Compressed Force (psi) 7 9829 28 8237 Curing Time (days)112 Tables 11 and 12 show the results of the samples prepared with fine cement and the indicated amount of water. shows the pressure force: Compressed Force (psi) s:c weight ratio 2:1 2:1 1:1 Compressed Force (psi) Compressed Force (psi) Sample ID s:c weight ratio 3:1 4:1 wzc weight ratio 0.491 0.583 Curing Time 112 9900 (1522) 46660 54085 59105 67975 66295 73715 72685 92295 67380 73025 10229 10310 Table 13 shows the pressure of the samples prepared with fine cement and the indicated amount of water. shows the strength: Compressed Force Sample ID Fine 3:1 Silica Powder (0.6 gal) Fine 3:1 Fly Ash (0.6 gal) Silica Powder - cement solid Fly Ash - cement solid stabilizing agent 5% by weight of substances 25% by weight of substances s:c weight ratio 3:1 3:1 wzc weight ratio 0.473 0.543 1 6445 6235 Curing Surah (hour) 8585 8035 6 8205 7915 7 8925 8455 In the example below, the effect of the accelerator, lithium carbonate, no aggregate It was examined in a paste that was not used. Curing of cement, X-ray diffraction It was followed by the determination of the primary ettringite peak by ettringite, fundamental force It is believed to be the mineral that forms the
Agirlikça %3,30 oraninda anhidrit ve 0.3:1 suzçimento agirlik oraninda su ve örnekte kullanilan agirlikça %70 oraninda China CSA ile birlikte bir karsilastirmali test yürütülmüstür. 1,300 saniye veya 20 dakika süren test esnasinda, hiçbir etrenjit zirvesi tespit edilmemistir. 3.30% by weight of anhydrite and 0.3:1 by weight of water cement and in the sample A comparative test with China CSA at 70% by weight used has been executed. During the test lasting 1,300 seconds or 20 minutes, no ettringite peaks were detected. not detected.
Bir birinci testte, agirlikça %0.1 oraninda LI2C03, CSA/anhidrit karisimina bir toz olarak eklenmistir ve net bir etrenjit zirvesi 1,300 saniye içerisinde elde edilmistir. In a first test, 0.1% by weight of LI2CO3 was added as a powder to the CSA/anhydride mixture. was added and a clear ettringite peak was obtained within 1,300 seconds.
Ikinci bir testte, LizCOa, nihai macunun stokiyometrik oraninda çimentoya su katmak üzere kullanilan suda çözülmüstür ve yeniden enrenjit zirvesi, LizCOs'nun bir toz katki maddesi olarak kullanildigi birinci test ile yaklasik ayni sürede elde edilmistir. Üçüncü bir testte, agirlikça %0.1 oraninda LI2C03, Örnek 1'de kullanildigi üzere Qwix'e bir toz olarak eklenmistir. Net bir etrenjit zirvesi, Qwix çimentosunun büyük ölçüde ani olarak kürlendigini göstererek, 140 saniye içerisinde elde edilmistir. In a second test, LizCOa added water to cement at a stoichiometric ratio of the final paste. dissolved in the water used for It was obtained in about the same time as the first test in which it was used as a substance. In a third test, 0.1% by weight of LI2CO3 was transferred to Qwix as used in Example 1. added as a powder. A clear ettringite peak is largely abrupt of Qwix cement. It was obtained in 140 seconds, showing that it was cured properly.
Buna uygun olarak, teslim süresinin, hizlandirilmamis macunun ayar zamanindan daha az olmasi halinde, Iityum tuzunun, bir su çamuru kullanilarak gerçeklestirilen enjeksiyon noktasinda bir hizlandirici olarak eklenebilecegi açiktir. Accordingly, the delivery time is higher than the setting time of the non-accelerated paste. in case of scarcity, the Lithium salt can be carried out using a water slurry. It is obvious that it can be added as an accelerator at the injection point.
Tablo 11 ve 12, ince çimento ve indike miktar su ile birlikte hazirlanan numunelerin basinç kuvvetini gösterir: Basinçli Kuvvet . 13.2 Numune Kimligi Ince 3:1 Silika Tozu (0.6 gal) Ince 3:1 Uçucu Kül (0.6 gal) . . _ _ _ Silika Tozu - çimento kati Uçucu Kül - çimento kati Stabilize edici ajan maddelerinin agirlikça %5'i maddelerinin agirlikça %25'i szc agirlik orani 3:1 3:1 w:c agirlik orani 0.473 0.543 Kürleme Süresi (saat) 1 6445 6235 Basinçli Kuvvet 13.2 Numune Kimligi Ince 3:1 Silika Tozu (0.6 gal) Ince 3:1 Uçucu Kül (0.6 gal) 3 7875 7250 8585 8035 6 8205 7915 7 8925 8455 Asagidaki örnekte, hizlandiricinin etkisi, Iityum karbonat, hiçbir agreganin kullanilmadigi bir macun içerisinde incelenmistir. Çimentonun kürü, X-isini kirinimi yoluyla birincil etrenjit zirvesinin tespit edilmesi ile izlenmistir. Etrenjitin, temel kuvvet olusturan mineral olduguna inanilir. Tables 11 and 12 show the results of the samples prepared with fine cement and the indicated amount of water. shows the pressure force: Compressed Force . 13.2 Sample ID Fine 3:1 Silica Powder (0.6 gal) Fine 3:1 Fly Ash (0.6 gal) . . _ _ _ Silica Powder - cement coat Fly Ash - cement coat stabilizing agent 5% by weight of substances 25% by weight of substances Spoke weight ratio 3:1 3:1 w:c weight ratio 0.473 0.543 Curing Duration (hours) 1 6445 6235 Compressed Force 13.2 Sample ID Fine 3:1 Silica Powder (0.6 gal) Fine 3:1 Fly Ash (0.6 gal) 3 7875 7250 8585 8035 6 8205 7915 7 8925 8455 In the example below, the effect of the accelerator, Lithium carbonate, no aggregate It was examined in a paste that was not used. Curing of cement, X-ray diffraction It was followed by the determination of the primary ettringite peak by ettringite, fundamental force It is believed to be the mineral that forms
Agirlikça %30 oraninda anhidrit ve 0.3:1 suzçimento agirlik oraninda su ve Örnek 3'te kullanilan agirlikça %70 oraninda China CSA ile birlikte bir karsilastirmali test yürütülmüstür. 1,300 saniye veya 20 dakika süren test esnasinda, hiçbir etrenjit zirvesi tespit edilmemistir. 30% by weight of anhydrite and 0.3:1 by weight of water cement and in Example 3 A comparative test with China CSA at 70% by weight used has been executed. During the test lasting 1,300 seconds or 20 minutes, no ettringite peaks were detected. not detected.
Bir birinci testte, agirlikça %01 oraninda LI2CO3, CSA/anhidrit karisimina bir toz olarak eklenmistir ve net bir etrenjit zirvesi 1,300 saniye içerisinde elde edilmistir. In a first test, 01% by weight of LI2CO3 was added as a powder to the CSA/anhydride mixture. was added and a clear ettringite peak was obtained within 1,300 seconds.
Ikinci bir testte, LIzCOs, nihai macunun stokiyometrik oraninda çimentoya su katmak üzere kullanilan suda çözülmüstür ve yeniden enrenjit zirvesi, LizCOg'nun bir toz katki maddesi olarak kullanildigi birinci test ile yaklasik ayni sürede elde edilmistir. Üçüncü bir testte, agirlikça %0.1 oraninda Li2C03, Örnek 1'de kullanildigi üzere Qwix'e bir toz olarak eklenmistir. Net bir etrenjit zirvesi, Qwix çimentosunun büyük ölçüde ani olarak kürlendigini göstererek, 140 saniye içerisinde elde edilmistir. In a second test, LIzCOs added water to cement at a stoichiometric ratio of the final paste. dissolved in the water used for It was obtained in about the same time as the first test in which it was used as a substance. In a third test, 0.1% by weight Li2CO3 was added to Qwix as used in Example 1. added as a powder. A clear ettringite peak is largely abrupt of Qwix cement. It was obtained in 140 seconds, showing that it was cured properly.
Buna uygun olarak, teslim süresinin, hizlandirilmamis macunun ayar zamanindan daha az olmasi halinde, Iityum tuzunun, bir su çamuru kullanilarak gerçeklestirilen enjeksiyon noktasinda bir hizlandirici olarak eklenebilecegi açiktir. Accordingly, the delivery time is higher than the setting time of the non-accelerated paste. in case of scarcity, the Lithium salt can be carried out using a water slurry. It is obvious that it can be added as an accelerator at the injection point.
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| US12/963,179 US9284226B2 (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2010-12-08 | Cementitious compositions |
| GBGB1101327.3A GB201101327D0 (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2011-01-26 | Improvements in or relating to cementitous compositions |
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| US9102870B1 (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2015-08-11 | Entact, Llc | Additives for soil, soil compositions and methods of making |
| US9115024B2 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2015-08-25 | Macael, Inc. | Radial coal ash based micro-architectures and method of synthesis |
| ITTO20120952A1 (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-04-30 | Buzzi Unicem S P A | CEMENTITIOUS MIXTURE FOR THE USE OF CONCRETE IN THE WET LAND. |
| RU2580679C1 (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2016-04-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ивановский институт Государственной противопожарной службы Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий" | Concrete mixture |
| US10450232B2 (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2019-10-22 | Universidad Nacional De Colombia | Cement formulation based on aluminium sulphate with a specific proportion of Ye'elimite systems |
| US10253235B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2019-04-09 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Treatment fluids comprising calcium aluminate cement and methods of use |
| JP6528942B2 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2019-06-12 | 株式会社大林組 | Method of spraying fiber reinforced material |
| MX2018004658A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2018-07-06 | Hilti Ag | Fastening system and use thereof. |
| CA3000788C (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2023-10-03 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Stabilized aqueous composition for initiating setting and hardening of aluminous cement compositions |
| JP6979768B2 (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2021-12-15 | デンカ株式会社 | Soil pavement material |
| ES2881891T3 (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2021-11-30 | Hilti Ag | Use of amorphous calcium carbonate in an inorganic flame retardant mortar system based on aluminous cement to increase load values at elevated temperatures |
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| FR2289460A1 (en) | 1974-10-31 | 1976-05-28 | Lafarge Sa | PROMPT ETTRINGITE CEMENT WITH ADJUSTABLE GRIP AND ITS APPLICATIONS |
| US4488909A (en) * | 1983-11-25 | 1984-12-18 | United States Gypsum Company | Non-expansive, rapid setting cement |
| CN85108582B (en) * | 1984-10-30 | 1988-08-17 | 蓝圈工业有限公司 | Settable cementitious compositions |
| JPH02175646A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1990-07-06 | Showa Denko Kk | Quick setting admixture for wet spraying |
| US4957556A (en) * | 1989-06-08 | 1990-09-18 | Hassan Kunbargi | Very early setting ultra high early strength cement |
| CA2177298C (en) | 1996-05-24 | 2009-04-07 | Henghu Sun | Systematic method for making shotcrete and the like cementitious compositions and such compositions |
| DE19712087C2 (en) * | 1997-03-22 | 1999-07-22 | Porsche Ag | Adsorber-catalyst combination for internal combustion engines |
| KR20010034109A (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2001-04-25 | 가무라 미치오 | Process for producing dispersant for powdery hydraulic composition |
| US6758896B2 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2004-07-06 | Hassan Kunbargi | Rapid hardening, ultra-high early strength portland-type cement compositions, novel clinkers and methods for their manufacture which reduce harmful gaseous emissions |
| DE60006852D1 (en) | 1999-10-19 | 2004-01-08 | Minova Int Ltd | CEMENT COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD FOR USE THEREOF |
| RU2255068C2 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2005-06-27 | "Минова Интернэшнл Лимитед" | Cementing composition and a method of application thereof |
| JP2001233661A (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2001-08-28 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Dry cement concrete, spray material and spraying method using the same |
| FR2839066B1 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2005-02-04 | Lafarge Aluminates | ETTRINGTIC BINDER FOR DENSE MORTAR, COMPRISING CALCIUM SULFATES AND A MINERAL COMPOUND OF CALCIUM ALUMINATES |
| FR2901270B1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2008-08-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | CEMENT-BASED COMPOSITION FOR COATING AQUEOUS BORON-CONTAINING SOLUTION, COATING PROCESS AND CEMENTITIOUS GROUT COMPOSITION |
| US7867954B2 (en) * | 2007-10-22 | 2011-01-11 | Sanjel Limited Partnership | Pumice containing compositions for cementing a well |
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| EP2649023A1 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
| PE20140621A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
| RU2013131013A (en) | 2015-01-20 |
| RU2578688C2 (en) | 2016-03-27 |
| US9284226B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 |
| WO2012076880A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
| BR112013014253B1 (en) | 2020-04-14 |
| ES2673941T3 (en) | 2018-06-26 |
| MX351249B (en) | 2017-10-06 |
| MX2013006486A (en) | 2013-10-07 |
| AU2011340261B2 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
| PL2649023T3 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
| US20120145044A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
| CA2819094C (en) | 2018-04-03 |
| GB201101327D0 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
| BR112013014253A2 (en) | 2016-09-20 |
| EP2649023B1 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
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