TR201608131A2 - NEW PEROVSKYTE SENSITIVE SOLAR CELL BUILT ON MEERSERSITE COMPONENTS - Google Patents
NEW PEROVSKYTE SENSITIVE SOLAR CELL BUILT ON MEERSERSITE COMPONENTS Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000012243 magnesium silicates Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 methylammonium lead halide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/10—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising heterojunctions between organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors
- H10K30/15—Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/50—Organic perovskites; Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites [HOIP], e.g. CH3NH3PbI3
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Abstract
Buluş; perovskit güneş hücrelerinin, doğal bir malzeme olan ve Lületaşı olarak bilinen, içeriği ağırlıklı olarak silisyum ve magnezyum silikatlardan oluşan, bunun yanında demir, aluminyum ve krom oksitleri de içerebilen, sepiyolit, kaolin, bentonit isimleri ile de anılan bir iskelet yapı üzerine üretilerek yüksek verimli, tekrarlanabilir ve uzun ömürlü güneş hücresi elde edilmesinin sağlanmasıyla ilgilidir.Meet; Perovskite solar cells are produced on a skeleton structure, which is a natural material known as Meerschaum, consisting mainly of silicon and magnesium silicates, which can also contain iron, aluminum and chromium oxides, also known as sepiolite, kaolin, bentonite, and high efficiency, It is about ensuring that reproducible and long-lasting solar cells are obtained.
Description
TARIFNAME LÜLETASI BILESENLERI ÜZERINE OLUSTURULAN YENI PEROVSKIT DUYARLI GÜNES HÜCRESI TEKNIK ALAN Bulus; perovskit günes hücrelerinin, dogal bir malzeme olan ve Lületasi olarak bilinen, içerigi agirlikli olarak silisyum ve magnezyum silikatlardan olusan, bunun yaninda demir, aluminyum ve krom oksitleri de içerebilen, sepiyolit, kaolin, bentonit isimleri ile de anilan bir iskelet yapi üzerine üretilerek yüksek verimli, tekrarlanabilir ve uzun ömürlü günes hücresi elde edilmesinin saglanmasiyla ilgilidir. ÖNCEKI TEKNIK Son yillarda 3. nesil günes hücrelerinde dikkat çeken en önemli teknolojilerden biri; düsük maliyetli ve yüksek verimli perovskit duyarli günes hücreleridir. Bu teknolojide isik absorplayici tabaka olarak perovskit (genellikle metilamonyum kursün halejenür) kristal yapisina sahip bir malzeme kullanilmaktadir. Saydam ve iletken (genellikle flor katkilanmis kalayoksit (FTO)) bir destek malzeme üzerine yogun bir n tipi (TiO2, ZnO gibi) bir malzeme kaplanmakta, bu tabaka üzerine ise isik absorplayici tabaka olarak perovskit yapisi olusturulmaktadir. Perovskit tabaka üstüne bosluk iletim tabakasi olarak organik yada inorganik malzeme (spiro-OMETAD, PsHT, diger elektrolitler) kaplanarak heteroeklem yapi olusturulmakta, en üst tabakaya ise iletken bir elektrod (AI, Au, Ag vb) kaplanarak hücre tamamlanmaktadir. Isik absorplayici tabakanin uyarilan elektronu n tipi yariiletken özellikleri katmana aktarilmakta buradan saydam elektrod üzerine geçmektedir. Olusan bosluk ise bosluk transfer malzemesi vasitasi ile üst elektrota aktarilarak döngü saglanmaktadir. DESCRIPTION NEW PEROVSKIT BUILT ON MELUTA COMPONENTS SENSITIVE SUN CELL TECHNICAL FIELD Meet; perovskite solar cells, a natural material and meerschaum known as, its content is predominantly made of silicon and magnesium silicates. formed, which may also contain iron, aluminum and chromium oxides, It is produced on a skeletal structure, also known as sepiolite, kaolin, bentonite. to obtain highly efficient, reproducible and long-lasting solar cells. it's about securing. PRIOR ART In recent years, the most important thing that has attracted attention in the 3rd generation solar cells one of the technologies; low cost and high efficiency perovskite sensitive solar are cells. In this technology, perovskite (usually a material with a crystalline structure (methylammonium lead halide) is used. Transparent and conductive (usually fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)) a dense n-type (such as TiO2, ZnO) material on a support material. The perovskite layer is coated on this layer as a light absorbing layer. structure is created. As a space conduction layer on top of the perovskite layer organic or inorganic material (spiro-OMETAD, PsHT, other electrolytes) A heterojunction structure is formed by coating, and a conductive layer is attached to the top layer. The cell is completed by coating the electrode (AI, Au, Ag etc.). light absorber The n-type semiconductor properties of the excited electron of the layer are transferred to the layer. From here it passes onto the transparent electrode. The emptiness you create is the emptiness The cycle is provided by transferring it to the upper electrode via the transfer material.
Perovskit günes hücrelerinde iki temel yapi bulunmaktadir. Birinci yapida tüm tabakalar düzlemsel yapida oldugundan “Düzlemsel perovskit günes hücresi” olarak tanimlanir. Ikinci yapida ise yogun n tipi tabaka üzerinde mezogözenekli bir yapi içermektedir. Mezogözenekli yapi Ti02 gibi bir yariiletken olabilmekle beraber AI203 seklinde yalitkan bir yapidan da olusabilmektedir. Bu tip hücreler “mezogözenekli perovskit günes hücresi” olarak adlandirilmaktadir. Mezogözenekli yapinin n tipi bir yariiletken olmasi durumunda perovskit tabakadan gelen elektron mezogözenekli yapi araciligi ile alt katmana geçmektedir. Mezogözenekli yapinin yalitkan bir malzeme olmasi durumunda ise elektronlar perovskit kristalin kendi üzerinden en alt katmanda bulunan yogun n tabaka üzerine aktarilmaktadir. There are two basic structures in perovskite solar cells. in the first build Since all layers are in planar structure, “Planar perovskite solar known as "cell". In the second structure, on the dense n-type layer It contains a mesoporous structure. The mesoporous structure is similar to TiO2. Although it can be semiconductor, it can also be made of an insulating structure in the form of AI203. can occur. This type of cell is called the "mesoporous perovskite solar cell". is named. The mesoporous structure being an n-type semiconductor In the case of the perovskite layer, electrons come from the mesoporous structure. passes to the lower layer. The mesoporous structure is an insulating material. In the case of the perovskite crystal itself, the electrons are in the lowest layer. The dense n is transferred onto the layer.
Perovskit duyarli günes hücrelerinde en önemli sorun kararlilik ve yeniden üretilebilme özelligidir. Yüksek verimle çalisabilecek bir perovskit tabakanin oldukça büyük kristal tanecikleri içermesi, tabakanin düzgün olmasi ve kristal tanecikleri arasinda temasin çok iyi olmasi gereklidir. Perovskit tabakanin olusumu sirasinda düzensiz kristal taneciklerinin olusumu verimi çok ciddi oranda düsürmektedir. Bu nedenle sürekli ayni tabaka tipinin elde edilebilmesi önemlidir. Ortam kosullari, kullanilan üretim teknigi gibi parametreler kristal olusumu üzerinde ciddi etkiye sahiptir. Arastirmacilar tekrar üretilebilir perovskit tabaka eldesi için yeni yöntemler önermekte ve bu konuda Diger önemli bir sorun ise kararliliktir. Düzgün bir perovskit tabaka elde edilse bile, ki bu yüksek verimli günes hücresi elde edilmesi anlamina gelir, bu hücrenin kararliligi perovskit tabakayi olusturan kristallerin kararliligina baglidir. The most important problem in perovskite sensitive solar cells is stability and reproducibility feature. A perovskite that can work with high efficiency the layer contains very large crystal particles, the layer is smooth and the contact between the crystal particles must be very good. perovskite During the formation of the layer, the formation of irregular crystal particles is very efficient. seriously declining. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the same layer type continuously. possible is important. such as environmental conditions, production technique used parameters have a serious effect on crystal formation. Researchers again proposes new methods for obtaining producible perovskite layers and Another important issue is stability. A uniform perovskite layer is obtained. even if this means obtaining a highly efficient solar cell, this The stability of the cell depends on the stability of the crystals forming the perovskite layer.
Perovskit kristalin ortam kosullarina (sicaklik, nem vb) karsi çok duyarli olmasi nedeni ile yapisi kisa süre içinde bozulmakta, bu da günes hücresinin verimini ciddi anlamda düsürmektedir. Bu hücrelerin kararliliginin arttirilmasi içinde çok farkli yöntemler önerilmis olmakla beraber, kararlilik konusu bu teknolojinin problemlerinden biri olarak devam etmektedir. Perovskite crystal is very sensitive to ambient conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.) structure deteriorates in a short time due to this, which reduces the efficiency of the solar cell. seriously degrades. It is very important in increasing the stability of these cells. Although different methods have been suggested, the stability issue of this technology continues to be one of the problems.
SEKILLERIN ANLAMI Sekil 1. Lületasi Yapilarinin Iskelet Yapi Olarak Kullanildigi Perovskit Günes Hücresinin Semasi Sekil 2. iletken (FTO) Cam Üzerine Kaplanmis Lületasi Yapilarinin Üstten Alinmis Taramali Elektron Mikroskobu (SENI) Görüntüsü Sekil 3. iletken (FTO) Cam Üzerine Kaplanmis Lületasi Yapilarinin Katmanin Çaprazdan Alinmis Elektron Mikroskobu Görüntüsü Sekiller de belirtilen parça numaralarinin karsiliklari asagida verilmistir. 1. iletken Elektrotlar Bosluk Transfer Tabaka Perovskit Tabaka Lületasi Esasli iskelet Yapi Yogun n Tipi Yari iletken Tabaka 939199!“ Saydam iletken Destek Malzeme BULUSUN DETAYLI AÇIKLAMASI Bulusa konu perovskit duyarli günes hücresi, iletken elektrotlar (1 bosluk transfer tabaka (2), perovskit tabaka (3), lületasi esasli iskelet yapi (4 , yogun n tipi yari iletlen tabaka (5) ve saydam iletken destek malzeme (6) bölümlerinden olusmaktadir. MEANING OF SHAPES Figure 1. Meerschaum Structures Used as Skeletal Structure The Schematic of the Perovskite Solar Cell Figure 2. Meerschaum Structures Coated on Conductive (FTO) Glass Top View Scanning Electron Microscopy (SENI) image Figure 3. Meerschaum Structures Coated on Conductive (FTO) Glass Crossed Layer Electron Microscopy image The corresponding part numbers in the figures are given below. 1. Conductive Electrodes Space Transfer Layer Perovskite Layer Meerschaum Based Skeleton Structure Dense n Type Semiconductor Layer 939199!” Transparent Conductive Support Material DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The perovskite sensitive solar cell, which is the subject of the invention, has conductive electrodes (1 space transfer layer (2), perovskite layer (3), meerschaum-based skeletal structure (4 , dense n-type semiconducting layer (5) and transparent conductive support material (6) consists of parts.
Bulus, perovskit duyarli günes hücrelerinin mezogözenekli yapiya sahip olan sinifindaki teknolojide, mezogözeneklerin yani iskelet yapinin, bilinen sentetik malzemeler (TiOz ve Al2Os gibi) yerine dogal bir ürün olan, içerigi agirlikli olarak silisyum ve magnezyum silikatlardan olusan, bunun yaninda demir, aluminyum ve krom oksitleride içerebilen, sepiyolit, kaolin, bentonit isimleri ile de anilan, halk arasinda Lületasi olarak bilinen bir iskelet yapi (4) ile donatilmis, bilinen hücre yapilarindan daha verimli ve kararli çalisan bir mezogözenekli perovskit duyarli günes hücresi yapisi üretilmistir. Yukarida içerigi tanimlanmis olan ve bu kisimdan itibaren Lületasi olaran anilacak olan yapilar yalitkan özellikte olup bilinen mezogözenekli Al203 veya polimerik iskelet yapilarin yerine kullanilmistir. Lületasi yapilarinin en büyük avantaji mezogözenekli Al203 gibi yapilardan çok daha fazla aktif yüzey alanina sahip olmasidir. Mezogözenekli A|203 ortalama 400 m2/gr aktif (BET ölçümlerine göre) yüzey alanina sahip iken Lületasi yapilarinda bu alan 900 m2/gr düzeyine kadar çikmaktadir. Bu durumda günes hücresinde isik absorplayici tabaka olan perovskit, çok daha fazla bir yüzeye kaplanabilmektedir. Böylece daha fazla isik absorpsiyonu ve yüksek verim vermektedir. Lületasi'nin ipliksi yada tanecikli yapilarinin sadece yüzeyleri degil taneciklerin iç katmanlarina da kadar inebilen gözeneklerin olmasi, bu malzemelerin isik geçirgenligini de arttirmakta ve dogal olmasi yaninda seffaf bir özellik saglamaktadir. Bu durum iskelet yapinin isigi absorplayarak verimi düsürmesinin önüne geçmekte ve fotonlarin çogunun aktif perovskit katman üzerine düsmesini saglamaktadir. Lületasi yapilarinin kullanildigi perovskit duyarli günes hücreleri, bilinen düzlemsel veya mezogözenekli (Ti02, Al203 ve benzeri) perovskit günes hücrelerinden en az yaninda, iskelet yapi olarak Lületasi yapilari (4) kullanildiginda tekrar üretilebilirlik artmaktadir. Olusturulan bu gözenekli yapinin tanecikleri üzerinde düzgün kristaller olusarak %80 in üzerinde tekrarlanabilir günes hücresi üretimi saglanmaktadir. The invention shows that perovskite-sensitive solar cells have mesoporous structure. In this class of technology, mesopores, that is, the skeletal structure, are known It is a natural product instead of synthetic materials (such as TiOz and Al2Os), its content consisting predominantly of silicon and magnesium silicates, sepiolite, kaolin, bentonite, which may contain iron, aluminum and chromium oxides. with a skeletal structure (4), which is also known by its names, popularly known as Meerschaum. equipped with a more efficient and stable working than known cell structures. A mesoporous perovskite sensitive solar cell structure was produced. Above the contents of which have been defined and hereinafter referred to as Meerschaum. The structures are insulating and the known mesoporous Al2O3 or polymeric skeleton used instead of structures. The biggest advantage of meerschaum structures It has much more active surface area than structures such as mesoporous Al2O3. is that. Mesoporous A|203 average 400 m2/gr active (according to BET measurements) While it has a surface area of 900 m2/gr in Meerschaum structures it goes up. In this case, the light absorbing layer in the solar cell perovskite can be coated on a much larger surface. So more light absorption and high efficiency. Meerschaum filamentous or granular that can reach not only the surfaces of the structures but also the inner layers of the particles. The presence of pores also increases the light permeability of these materials and creates a natural Besides, it provides a transparent feature. This is the light of the skeletal structure. It absorbs and prevents the reduction of efficiency and most of the photons are active. allows it to fall on the perovskite layer. meerschaum structures perovskite sensitive solar cells, known planar or mesoporous (TiO, Al2O3, etc.) perovskite solar cells besides, when Meerschaum structures (4) are used as skeletal structures, manufacturability is increasing. On the particles of this porous structure formed over 80% reproducible solar cell production by forming smooth crystals is provided.
Perovskit duyarli günes hücresi teknolojilerinin diger bir problemi olan kararlilik ve dayanim Lületasi yapilarinin iskelet yapi olarak kullanilmasi ile ciddi oranda gelismektedir. Lületasindan üretilen iskelet yapi özellikle perovskit tabaka için büyük sorun teskil eden su moleküllerini kendi içine çekerek perovskit tabaka ile etkilesimini engellemekte, bu durum aktif perovskit tabakanin daha uzun süre dayanmasina olanak saglamaktadir. Lületasi yapilarinin bünyelerinde suyu hapsedebilme özellikleri nemin aktif katmanlarla tepkimeye girmeden tutulmasini ve perovskit kristalinin kararliliginin artmasini saglamaktadir. Bunun yaninda iskelet yapiyi olusturan Lületasinin kendisinin isiya dayanikliligi yaninda, isi izolasyonu saglama özelligi de kararliligin artmasinda rol oynar.Another problem of perovskite sensitive solar cell technologies is Stability and strength are serious with the use of Meerschaum structures as a skeleton structure. rate is developing. Skeleton structure produced from meerschaum, especially perovskite by attracting water molecules, which poses a major problem for the layer, It prevents the interaction with the perovskite layer, which makes it active perovskite. This allows the layer to last longer. Meerschaum the ability to trap water in the structures of their structures keeping it unreacted and increasing the stability of the perovskite crystal. it provides. In addition to this, the meerschaum itself, which forms the skeletal structure, In addition to its heat resistance, its ability to provide heat insulation also ensures stability. plays a role in the increase.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| TR2016/08131A TR201608131A2 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2016-06-15 | NEW PEROVSKYTE SENSITIVE SOLAR CELL BUILT ON MEERSERSITE COMPONENTS |
| PCT/TR2017/050266 WO2017217954A1 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2017-06-15 | Perovskite sensitized solar cells constructed on sea foam (meerschaum) contents |
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| TR2016/08131A TR201608131A2 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2016-06-15 | NEW PEROVSKYTE SENSITIVE SOLAR CELL BUILT ON MEERSERSITE COMPONENTS |
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