TR200202107T2 - Absorbent material that protects or improves skin health - Google Patents

Absorbent material that protects or improves skin health

Info

Publication number
TR200202107T2
TR200202107T2 TR2002/02107T TR200202107T TR200202107T2 TR 200202107 T2 TR200202107 T2 TR 200202107T2 TR 2002/02107 T TR2002/02107 T TR 2002/02107T TR 200202107 T TR200202107 T TR 200202107T TR 200202107 T2 TR200202107 T2 TR 200202107T2
Authority
TR
Turkey
Prior art keywords
absorbent body
backsheet
topsheet
absorbent
absorbent material
Prior art date
Application number
TR2002/02107T
Other languages
Turkish (tr)
Inventor
Carol Paul Susan
Jerrel Akin Frank
Cosmo Di Luccio Robert
Stein Everhart Dennis
Deibler Gadsby Elizabeth
Jean Mayberry Pamela
Stefanik Wright Audra
Yahiaoui Ali
John Faulks Michael
Gerard Krzysik Duane
Marie Menard Karen
Charles Musil David
Andrew Iiirosch Rank
Allen Shaw Gordon
John Tyrrell David
Michele Underhill Diane
Michael Hockersmith Jeffrey
Elsa Gillberg-Laforce Gunilla
Bolton May Wade
Original Assignee
Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/139,820 external-priority patent/US6152906A/en
Priority claimed from US09/298,314 external-priority patent/US6149934A/en
Priority claimed from US09/328,681 external-priority patent/US6287286B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/343,861 external-priority patent/US6497893B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/377,294 external-priority patent/US6448464B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/379,431 external-priority patent/US6217890B1/en
Application filed by Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. filed Critical Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
Publication of TR200202107T2 publication Critical patent/TR200202107T2/en

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/48Surfactants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15203Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/18Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing inorganic materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/32Proteins, polypeptides; Degradation products or derivatives thereof, e.g. albumin, collagen, fibrin, gelatin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/34Oils, fats, waxes or natural resins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/46Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15203Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
    • A61F2013/15284Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F2013/53795Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer being a surge management layer
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/10Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
    • A61L2300/102Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/20Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
    • A61L2300/22Lipids, fatty acids, e.g. prostaglandins, oils, fats, waxes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/20Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
    • A61L2300/252Polypeptides, proteins, e.g. glycoproteins, lipoproteins, cytokines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/40Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
    • A61L2300/412Tissue-regenerating or healing or proliferative agents

Abstract

Buhar geçigen bir alt yaprak, alt yapraga bakacak sekilde yerlestirilmis bir sivi geçirgen üst yaprak ve alt yaprakla üst yaprak arasina yerlestirilmis olan emici bir gövde içeren emici bir malzeme. Emici gövde ayrica hava geçirgenligi yüksek çogul bölgeler içerebilir. Emici malzeme ayrica emici gövde ve alt yaprak arasinda bulunan bir havalandirima tabakasi ve emici gövdeyle üst yaprak arasinda bulunan bir kabariklik yönetim tabakasi içerir. Veya islandiktan sonra gelismis hava degisimi saglayan malzemeler içerebilir. Malzeme, kullanim sirasinda malzeme içinde gelismis hava degisimi sergiler. Sonuç olarak, kullanildigi zaman sicakligi korur ve kullanicinin cildinde esasli bir sekilde azaltilmis düzeyde islaklik sergiler ki bu da cildin mikroorganizmalarin canliligina daha az meyilli hale gelmesini saglar.An absorbent material comprising a vapor permeable backsheet, a liquid pervious topsheet disposed facing the bottom sheet, and an absorbent body disposed between the backsheet and the topsheet. The absorbent body may also comprise multiple zones of high air permeability. The absorbent material further comprises an aeration layer between the absorbent body and the backsheet and a raised management layer between the absorbent body and the topsheet. Or it may contain materials that provide improved air exchange after heat. The material exhibits improved air exchange within the material during use. As a result, when used, it maintains warmth and exhibits a substantially reduced level of wetness on the wearer's skin, which makes the skin less susceptible to the viability of microorganisms.

TR2002/02107T 1998-08-25 1999-08-25 Absorbent material that protects or improves skin health TR200202107T2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US9781098P 1998-08-25 1998-08-25
US13982498A 1998-08-25 1998-08-25
US09/139,820 US6152906A (en) 1998-08-25 1998-08-25 Absorbent article having improved breathability
US09/298,314 US6149934A (en) 1999-04-23 1999-04-23 Absorbent article having a lotionized bodyside liner
US09/328,681 US6287286B1 (en) 1998-08-25 1999-06-09 Absorbent article having a reduced viability of candida albicans
US14178899P 1999-06-30 1999-06-30
US09/343,861 US6497893B1 (en) 1999-06-30 1999-06-30 Silk protein treatment composition and treated substrate for transfer to skin
US14693499P 1999-07-30 1999-07-30
US09/377,294 US6448464B1 (en) 1999-07-30 1999-08-19 Absorbent article which maintains skin temperature when wet
US09/379,431 US6217890B1 (en) 1998-08-25 1999-08-23 Absorbent article which maintains or improves skin health

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
TR200202107T2 true TR200202107T2 (en) 2004-12-21

Family

ID=27580972

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TR2001/00587T TR200100587T2 (en) 1998-08-25 1999-08-25 Absorbent material that protects or improves skin health.
TR2002/02107T TR200202107T2 (en) 1998-08-25 1999-08-25 Absorbent material that protects or improves skin health
TR2002/02106T TR200202106T2 (en) 1998-08-25 1999-08-25 Absorbent material that protects or improves skin health.

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TR2001/00587T TR200100587T2 (en) 1998-08-25 1999-08-25 Absorbent material that protects or improves skin health.

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TR2002/02106T TR200202106T2 (en) 1998-08-25 1999-08-25 Absorbent material that protects or improves skin health.

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1107719A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003526390A (en)
KR (1) KR20010085581A (en)
CN (1) CN1328438A (en)
AU (1) AU748171B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9913236A (en)
ID (1) ID28949A (en)
PL (1) PL348227A1 (en)
TR (3) TR200100587T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2000010500A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6277479B1 (en) 1997-12-19 2001-08-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Microporous films having zoned breathability
US6433243B1 (en) 1999-02-26 2002-08-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water permeable porous layer materials treated with surfactant-modified cyclodextrins
US6153209A (en) * 1999-09-28 2000-11-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Article having a transferable breathable skin care composition thereon
US6626961B1 (en) 2000-04-27 2003-09-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Nonwovens modified with petrolatum
GB2399787B (en) * 2000-05-15 2004-12-01 Kimberly Clark Co Targeted elastic laminate
KR20020091838A (en) * 2000-05-15 2002-12-06 킴벌리-클라크 월드와이드, 인크. Targeted Elastic Laminate
US7179951B2 (en) 2000-06-21 2007-02-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent barrier structures having a high convective air flow rate and articles made therefrom
US6939553B2 (en) 2000-09-11 2005-09-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Treated substrate with improved transfer efficiency of topical application
US6749860B2 (en) * 2000-12-22 2004-06-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent articles with non-aqueous compositions containing botanicals
US20020128615A1 (en) 2000-12-22 2002-09-12 Tyrrell David John Absorbent articles with non-aqueous compositions containing anionic polymers
US7005557B2 (en) * 2001-07-03 2006-02-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Film-forming compositions for protecting skin from body fluids and articles made therefrom
US8795716B2 (en) 2001-10-01 2014-08-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Skin care compositions on a thin sanitary napkin
US20060062816A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2006-03-23 Gatto Joseph A Sanitary napkins with hydrophobic lotions
US6656168B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2003-12-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Feminine care product with discrete areas of a skin wellness additive
US7323615B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2008-01-29 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Absorbent article and method of production
SE520670C2 (en) * 2001-12-18 2003-08-12 Sca Hygiene Prod Ab Breathable absorbent articles with cone-shaped cavities and method of preparation
US7018945B2 (en) 2002-07-02 2006-03-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Composition and method for treating fibers and nonwoven substrates
US9035123B2 (en) 2002-10-01 2015-05-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent article having a lotioned topsheet
US20060140899A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-06-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Skin cleansing system comprising an anti-adherent formulation and a cationic compound
CN1319499C (en) * 2005-08-08 2007-06-06 梁亮胜 Composite guiding water-fixation type sanitary napkins
JP5185280B2 (en) 2006-11-17 2013-04-17 エスセーアー・ハイジーン・プロダクツ・アーベー Absorbent article containing acidic cellulose fiber and organic zinc salt
AU2006350910B2 (en) 2006-11-17 2012-10-11 Essity Hygiene And Health Aktiebolag Absorbent articles comprising an organic zinc salt and an anti-bacterial agent or alkali metal chloride or alkaline earth metal chloride
JP4964728B2 (en) * 2007-09-28 2012-07-04 大王製紙株式会社 Disposable diapers
US20090324693A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2009-12-31 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Delivery Product for Topical Compositions
US10932959B2 (en) 2016-06-27 2021-03-02 Essity Hygiene And Health Aktiebolag Absorbent article with an oil composition and an oil protecting layer
WO2019060515A1 (en) * 2017-09-21 2019-03-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent article
US11938004B2 (en) 2019-05-31 2024-03-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent article having a waist gasketing element
CN110946712B (en) * 2019-12-31 2021-06-18 露乐健康科技股份有限公司 Paper diaper with functions of softening buttocks and building fat
EP4146132A1 (en) 2020-05-05 2023-03-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent articles including improved elastic panels
WO2023052831A1 (en) * 2021-10-03 2023-04-06 Vaezi Shirin Insulated shorts for swimming during menstruation, pregnancy, and old people discharge condition

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US4560372A (en) * 1984-05-01 1985-12-24 Personal Products Company Stable disposable absorbent structure
DE69108059T2 (en) * 1991-01-03 1995-09-07 Procter & Gamble ABSORBENT ITEM WITH A QUICK-TAKING ABSORBENT CORE FROM SEVERAL LAYERS.
US5306266A (en) * 1992-12-21 1994-04-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Flexible spacers for use in disposable absorbent articles
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US5609587A (en) * 1995-08-03 1997-03-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Diaper having a lotioned topsheet comprising a liquid polyol polyester emollient and an immobilizing agent
NZ331962A (en) * 1996-03-29 1999-05-28 Kimberly Clark Co Absorbent article comprising a vapour permeable material with a specified water vapour transmission rate
WO1997045259A1 (en) * 1996-05-29 1997-12-04 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Breathable composite sheet structure and absorbent articles utilizing same
EP0813848B1 (en) * 1996-06-17 2003-10-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Breathable absorbent articles having odour control
US5871763A (en) * 1997-04-24 1999-02-16 Fort James Corporation Substrate treated with lotion
EP0887056B1 (en) * 1997-06-25 2003-08-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable absorbent articles maintaining low vapour phase moisture content

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9913236A (en) 2002-05-07
CN1328438A (en) 2001-12-26
EP1107719A1 (en) 2001-06-20
KR20010085581A (en) 2001-09-07
TR200100587T2 (en) 2002-04-22
AU748171B2 (en) 2002-05-30
PL348227A1 (en) 2002-05-06
AU6021099A (en) 2000-03-14
WO2000010500A1 (en) 2000-03-02
JP2003526390A (en) 2003-09-09
ID28949A (en) 2001-07-19
TR200202106T2 (en) 2002-10-21

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