JP2003526390A - Absorbent articles that maintain or improve skin health - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract: An absorbent article comprises a vapor-permeable backsheet, a liquid-permeable topsheet disposed in a relationship facing the backsheet, and an absorbent body disposed between the backsheet and the topsheet. Including. The absorbent body includes a plurality of zones with high air permeability. The absorbent article may include a ventilation layer between the absorbent body and the backsheet, and a surge treatment layer between the absorbent body and the topsheet. The article exhibits improved air exchange within the article during use. Thus, the article maintains the temperature and, in use, substantially reduces the level of hydration of the wearer's skin and reduces the viability of microorganisms. Absorbent articles may include a lotion formulation and / or treatment compound to maintain and improve skin health.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to absorbent articles for absorbing body fluids and excretions such as urine. More particularly, the present invention relates to absorbent garments, such as disposable diapers and adult incontinence garments, which absorb human excretion while at the same time improving the skin health of the wearer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Many known absorbent article constructions employ absorbent material disposed between a liquid-permeable topsheet and a liquid-impermeable backsheet. Such a backsheet is suitable for preventing liquid waste transfer from the absorbent material to the outer garment of the wearer. Unfortunately, the use of such articles, especially those containing liquid and impermeable backsheets, results in high levels of diaper moisture during use and increased wearer skin temperature. , The hydration level of the skin is relatively high. This situation impairs the wearer's skin health. For example, the closed moisture environment inside absorbent articles incorporating such backsheets will promote the viability of microorganisms, including Candida albicans, which will cause dermatitis, which is referred to as diaper rash. .

Furthermore, the liquid permeable topsheets of such articles have generally been constructed from nonwovens such as spunbonded polyolefin materials. Unfortunately, such materials are not always smooth and uncomfortable with the skin. In particular, during continuous use of absorbent articles containing such topsheets, the wearer's skin becomes considerably uncomfortable, especially in the presence of urine and feces, resulting in a red rash. The discomfort caused by the presence of such a top sheet and urine and feces causes a rash.

Diaper rash afflicts most infants at a given time during the diaper's wear. Most severe forms of this situation are usually caused by a secondary infection with Candida albicans from the fungal kingdom. Another factor also affects the fungal kingdom's pathogenesis, but one important factor is the relative humidity in the diaper, which is directly related to the closure or semi-closure of the diaper area.

To reduce humidity levels in diapers, breathable polymeric films have been employed as outer covers for absorbent garments such as disposable diapers. It is common for breathable films to be constructed with micropores to provide the desired level of liquid impermeability and air permeability. Other disposable diaper designs have been configured to form breathable regions in the form of breathable panels or perforated regions in a water vapor impermeable backsheet to aid in breathability of the garment.

[0006] Furthermore, in order to prevent human excrement from contacting the skin of the wearer, caregivers often use skin protection products directly on the skin of the wearer before applying the article to the wearer. Such products have included petroleum, mineral oil, talc, corn starch, or another commercially available rash cream or lotion. This procedure
Generally, it involves a caretaker wearing these products and transferring them to the wearer's skin.

In order to prevent caretakers from contacting the product and to reduce skin irritation and improve skin health, some conventional absorbent articles include a lotion formulation applied to the topsheet, In use, the formulation is intended to provide migration or lubricity to the skin and reduce friction between the topsheet and the skin. However, conventional lotion formulations are unstable and tend to migrate from the surface of the topsheet to the absorbent core of the topsheet and absorbent article, resulting in less formulation on the surface and reduced transfer to the skin or friction. Did not become. This migration problem is especially important at higher temperatures, such as on the skin surface during use or in general storage conditions in warm climates.

Conventional absorbent articles such as those described above have not been fully satisfactory. For example, an article that employs a perforated film or breathable panel will exhibit excessive liquid leakage from the article and will severely soil the wearer's outer garment in the perforated area or panel. Furthermore, if the absorbent material of the article is overloaded with liquid, the moist absorbent body will impede the escape of moisture from the wearer's skin. Such absorbent garment designs cannot maintain a high level of breathability when wet and do not adequately reduce the moisture on the skin of the wearer.

In addition, the lotion incorporated in such articles may move, imparting an inefficient amount to the skin of the wearer, or being present between the skin and the topsheet during use. Was becoming. Therefore, it has been required that such a large amount of lotion be added to the topsheet so as to have an effect on the skin. As a result, the wearer's skin remained rash, rubbed and uncomfortable. Thus, there is a need for absorbent articles that maintain and improve skin health.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION In response to the difficulties and problems described above, new disposable absorbent articles have been developed that maintain and improve the health of the skin of the wearer. Such absorbent articles have a high air exchange when wet, contain a lotion formulation or treatment compound that maintains skin temperature when wet, reduces skin hydration levels and provides skin health benefits. It reduces the survival of microorganisms.

As used herein, terms such as “consisting of” and deriving from “consisting of” are used to limit the presence of the listed features, elements, integers, steps or components. Another term, but one or more features, elements, integers, steps,
It does not exclude the presence or addition of ingredients or groups.

As used herein, “air exchange” refers to air movement, specifically, movement of moist air from the inside of the absorbent article worn by the wearer to the outside (ambient atmosphere) of the absorbent article during use. Means that drier air can move to the absorbent article.

As used herein, a substantially liquid impermeable material is about 60 centimeters, preferably at least about 80 centimeters and more preferably at least about 100 centimeters.
Configured to give a centimeter water head. A suitable technique for determining the water head value is the hydraulic test described in detail below.

A substantially water vapor permeable material is at least about 100 g / sq.m / 24 hours, preferably at least about 250 g / sq.m / 24 hours, more preferably at least about 500 g / sq.m / 24 hours. It is configured to give the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of time. A suitable technique for determining the WVTR value is the water vapor transmission test, which is described in detail below.

As used herein, the term "viscosity" is the viscosity in centipoise units determined according to ASTM D3236, which is referred to as the standard test method for apparent viscosity of hot melt adhesives and coating materials.

The melting point herein refers to the temperature at which a large amount of melting occurs, but it is recognized that melting actually occurs over a range of temperatures.

Melting point viscosity refers to the viscosity of the formulation at the temperature at which a large amount of melting occurs, and it is recognized that melting actually occurs over a range of temperatures.

“Penetration hardness” means needle penetration in millimeters according to ASTM D 1321 “Needle Penetration of Petroleum Wax”. Lower needle penetration hardness values correspond to harder materials.

As used herein, “movement loss in the Z direction” means a Z direction lotion movement test described below when an absorbent article having a lotion mixture on the body side surface of the absorbent article is targeted. Means the value obtained for.

The “CD direction movement loss” described in the present specification refers to a CD direction lotion movement test described below when an absorbent article having a lotion mixture on the body side surface of the absorbent article is targeted. Means the value obtained for.

In one aspect, the invention relates to an absorbent article comprising an absorbent body, a front waist section, a rear waist section and an intermediate section connecting the front and back sections. The absorbent article has a wet air exchange rate of at least about 190 cubic centimeters per minute calculated according to the tractor gas test described herein. In certain embodiments, the article is at least about 200, preferably at least about 225, more preferably at least 25, calculated according to the tractor gas test.
Has a wet air exchange rate of 0 cubic centimeters / minute. The absorbent article has a dry air exchange rate of at least about 525 cubic centimeters / minute calculated according to the tractor gas test or a skin hydration value of about 18 grams / square meter or less calculated according to the skin hydration test described herein. All you have to do is have it.

In another aspect, the invention relates to an absorbent article comprising an absorbent body, a front waist section, a rear waist section and an intermediate section connecting the front and back sections. The absorbent article may have a skin hydration value of less than or equal to about 18 grams / square meter calculated according to the skin hydration test. In certain embodiments, the absorbent article has a skin hydration value of about 15 grams / square meter or less, preferably about 12 grams / square meter or less, more preferably about 10 grams / square meter or less, calculated according to the skin hydration test. Should have. The absorbent article may have a wet air exchange rate of at least about 190 cubic centimeters / minute and / or a dry air exchange rate of at least about 525 cubic centimeters / minute calculated according to the tractor gas test.

In another aspect, the invention relates to an absorbent article comprising an absorbent body, a front waist section, a rear waist section and an intermediate section connecting the front and back sections. The absorbent article includes (1) a water vapor permeable backsheet having a water vapor transmission rate of at least about 1000 grams / square meter / hour calculated for the water vapor transmission test described herein, and (2) a backsheet facing relationship. A liquid permeable topsheet disposed in (3) and (3) an absorbent body disposed between the backsheet and the topsheet forming a plurality of zones of high air permeability for improved air exchange. In certain embodiments, the high air permeability zone of the absorbent body is at least about 10 times greater than the Frazier porosity of the portion of the absorbent body adjacent the high air exchange zone.
It has a large percentage of Frazier porosity. The absorbent main body may include a ventilation layer disposed between the backsheet and the absorbent main body.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to an absorbent article comprising an absorbent body, a front waist section, a rear waist section and an intermediate section connecting the front and back sections. The absorbent article comprises (1) a water vapor permeable liquid impermeable backsheet having a water vapor transmission rate of at least about 1000 grams / square meter / hour calculated for the water vapor transmission test described herein; and (2) a back. A liquid-permeable topsheet and (3) an absorbent body arranged between the backsheet and the topsheet arranged in a facing relationship with the sheet, and (4) arranged between the backsheet and the absorbent body. And a surge layer disposed between the topsheet and the absorbent body. In a particular example, the absorbent body of the absorbent article has a frazier porosity that is at least about 10 percent greater than the frazier porosity of the portion of the absorbent body adjacent the zone.

In yet another aspect, the invention relates to an absorbent article comprising an absorbent body, a front waist section, a rear waist section and an intermediate section connecting the front and back sections. The absorbent article has a C. albican viability of about 85% or less of the standard C. albican viability calculated for the C. albican viability test described herein. Has Albican survival rate. In certain examples, the C. albican viability is less than about 80%, preferably about 80 of the standard C. albican viability calculated for the C. albican survival test.
% Or less C. Has Albican survival rate. The absorbent article has a wet air exchange rate of at least about 190 cubic centimeters / minute calculated according to the tractor gas test and
It may have a dry air exchange rate of at least about 525 cubic centimeters / minute and / or a skin hydration value of at least about 18 grams / square meter or less calculated for the water hydration test described herein.

In another aspect, the invention features an absorbent body, a front waist section,
An absorbent article comprising a rear waist section and an intermediate section connecting the front and rear sections. The absorbent article has a wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio of about 1.010 or less calculated according to the skin temperature test described herein. In a particular example, the absorbent article has a thickness of about 1.005 calculated according to the skin temperature test.
Or less, preferably about 1.000 or less, more preferably about 0.995, and even more preferably at least about 0.990. The absorbent article has a wet air exchange rate of at least about 190 cubic centimeters / minute and / or a dry air exchange rate of at least about 525 cubic centimeters / minute and / or a moisture hydration test as described herein, calculated according to the tractor gas test. And have a skin hydration value of at least about 18 grams / square meter or less.

In yet another aspect of the invention, the invention relates to an outer body facing surface lotion formulation or treatment compound. In a particular example, the topsheet is a lotion formulation comprising about 5 to about 95 weight percent softener, about 5 to about 95 weight percent wax, and optionally about 0.1 to about 25 weight percent viscous synergist. Including things. The lotion formulation is applied to the topsheet at a temperature above the melting point of the lotion formulation and below 10 ° C. by a method known in the art such as spraying, slot coating, or printing, and the lotion formulation on the topsheet. Reduce the movement of.

In certain embodiments, the softeners include oils, esters, glycerol esters,
It is selected from the group consisting of ethers, alkoxylate carboxylic acids, alkoxylate alcohols, fatty alcohols and mixtures thereof. Further, in certain embodiments, the wax is selected from the group consisting of animal-based waxes, plant-based waxes, mineral-based waxes, silicone-based waxes and mixtures thereof which are natural or synthetic.

In certain embodiments, the lotion formulation comprises from about 5 to about 95 weight percent petrolatum, based on the total weight of the lotion formulation, from about 5 to 95 weight percent animal based wax, plant based wax, mineral based. Wax, a silicone-based wax and a mixture of natural or synthetic mixtures thereof and from about 0.1 to about 25 weight percent polyolefin resin.

In yet another aspect, the invention relates to an absorbent article having a topsheet that includes a treatment compound on the outer, body-facing surface. Treatment compounds include surfactants and agents that are beneficial to skin health, preferably emulsions such as oil-in-water emulsions. Agents that are beneficial to skin health may include zinc compounds. The treatment compound may include a protein such as silk protein such as sericin.

Various aspects of the present invention are useful in absorbent articles to maintain and improve the health of the wearer's skin. For example, such improved absorbent articles may exhibit a substantially reduced hydration bell on the wearer's skin when used, as compared to conventional absorbent articles. The reduced level of hydration of the skin helps to make it drier and more pleasing to the skin and less susceptible to the presence of microorganisms. Accordingly, a wearer absorbent article formed in accordance with the present invention, in use, reduces skin hydration, more consistent skin temperature, and reduces skin discomfort and the occurrence of rashes. Become.

Further, in certain embodiments, the lotioned and treated topsheet will be in smooth contact with the skin of the wearer, reducing skin discomfort. In addition, the lotion formulation applied to the topsheet is more stable and viscous than conventional lotion formulations, and because of the higher temperatures in particular, a greater proportion of the added lotion remains on the topsheet. Yes, it will easily contact the wearer's skin and move to provide benefits. Further, if desired, a smaller amount of lotion formulation can be added to the topsheet by localizing the lotion at the surface of the topsheet to provide similar benefits at a lower cost. As a result, the skin of the wearer of the absorbent article of the present invention is less likely to experience irritation, friction and discomfort.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The following detailed description relates to a disposable absorbent article intended to be worn on the lower body of an infant. However, as will be appreciated, the absorbent articles of the present invention are suitable for use with other types of absorbent articles such as women's pads, incontinence training pants.

The absorbent article of the present invention is beneficial because it maintains and improves the health of the skin of the wearer. For example, the absorbent article may exhibit a substantial reduction in the hydration level of the skin of the wearer at the time of use when compared to conventional absorbent articles. The absorbent article of the present invention can maintain the temperature of the skin of the wearer more constant when wet during use, as compared with the conventional absorbent article. Thus, the absorbent article of the different aspects of the present invention will have reduced skin hydration, reducing the potential for the presence of microbes on the skin and preventing skin discomfort and the occurrence of rashes. The absorbent article of the present invention provides a lotion, or an agent beneficial to skin health, to the skin of the wearer, providing improved skin health when compared to conventional absorbent clothing.

The capacity of the absorbent article of the present invention achieves a high air exchange rate of the article, as the capacity of the absorbent article of the present invention represents a reduction in the hydration level of the skin of the wearer during use. It has been discovered that it is at least partly involved in the absorbent capacity of absorbent articles for. Moreover, achieving such low levels of skin hydration depends on the ability of the article to maintain a high air exchange rate and a more constant skin temperature when wet.

For this application, the ability of the absorbent article to achieve a high air exchange rate in both dry and wet conditions is the dry air exchange rate, wet air exchange rate required for the tracer gas test described below. And the wet air exchange rate / dry air exchange rate ratio. Briefly, the tracer gas test involves injecting a tracer gas at a constant rate inside the absorbent article next to the skin of the wearer while the article is being worn. Similarly, the concentration of the tracer gas in the air gap of the subject and wearer's subject matter is measured by withdrawing the sample at the same constant rate as the jet. The air exchange is then based on the mass balance of tracer gas and air in the air gap in question.

In order to achieve the desired low level of skin hydration, the absorbent article of the different embodiments of the present invention comprises at least about 190 cubic centimeters per minute, at least about 200 cubic centimeters, preferably at least about 225 cubic centimeters, more preferably. It may be configured to have a wet air exchange rate of at least about 250 cubic centimeters, and more preferably at least about 300 cubic centimeters. For example, the absorbent article has a wet air exchange rate of at least about 175 to about 1500 cubic centimeters per minute, preferably at least about 225 to about 1500 cubic centimeters. Absorbent articles exhibiting a moist air exchange rate below the above cannot perform a sufficient amount of air exchange, resulting in increased skin hydration levels. As such, increased skin hydration levels increase the likelihood of survival of microorganisms on the skin, increasing skin discomfort and the occurrence of rashes.

The absorbent articles of the different aspects of the present invention have improved performance of at least about 525 cubic centimeters per minute, at least about 575 cubic centimeters per minute, preferably at least about 625 cubic centimeters, more preferably at least about 675 cubic centimeters, and even more preferably at least about 675 cubic centimeters. Preferably, it is configured to have a wet air exchange rate of at least about 750 cubic centimeters. For example, the absorbent article has a wet air exchange rate of at least about 525 to about 2500 cubic centimeters per minute, preferably at least about 575 to about 2500 cubic centimeters. Absorbent articles exhibiting the following wet air exchange rate, it is not possible to perform a sufficient amount of air exchange,
As a result, the hydration level of the skin is increased. Thus, the increased likelihood of microbial growth on the skin due to increased skin hydration levels will increase skin discomfort and the occurrence of rashes.

The absorbent articles of the different aspects of the present invention have at least about 15% for improved performance.
It is configured to have a wet air exchange rate / air exchange rate of 0.20, at least about 0.23, preferably at least about 0.27, and more preferably at least about 0.30.
For example, the absorbent article may be configured to form a wet air exchange rate / dry air exchange rate of about 0.20 to about 1 and preferably about 0.23 to about 1 for improved performance.

For this application, the ability of the absorbent article to maintain the skin temperature more constant when wet is the wet skin temperature / determined according to the skin temperature test described below.
It was defined as the dry skin temperature ratio. Briefly, the skin test temperature is the step of placing the article to be tested around the test participant's forearm and measuring the temperature of the skin underneath the article before and after the article is often wet with a known amount of saline. Including. Dry skin temperature is recorded after the dry article has been worn for 5 minutes and wet skin temperature is recorded after the wet article has been worn for 120 minutes. The absorbent article of another aspect of the present invention has an improved performance of about 1.010 or less, about 1.0005 or less, preferably about 1.000 or less, more preferably about 0.
It is configured to have a wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio of 995 or less, more preferably about 0,990 or less. For example, absorbent articles may have an improved performance of about 0.
It is configured to have a wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio of 950 to about 1.010, preferably about 0.970 to 1.005. Absorbent articles exhibiting a wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio above the above cannot maintain the temperature of the skin when wet, and as a result, increase the hydration level of the skin. More likely to survive microbes, which will increase skin discomfort and rashes.

The ability of the absorbent article of the present invention to exhibit more consistent skin temperature and higher air exchange rates both in the dry and wet conditions will reduce the level of skin hydration. The ability of the absorbent article to achieve a low level of skin hydration for this application was defined as the skin hydration value. The "skin hydration value" in the present specification means a value obtained according to the skin hydration test described below. Generally, the skin hydration value is determined by measuring the water vapor loss of the tested skin after wearing a wet absorbent article for a given time.

The absorbent article of the different embodiments of the present invention has an improved performance of about 18 grams /
Square meters / hour or less, about 15 grams / square meters / hour or less, about 12 grams / square meters / hour or less, more specifically about 10 grams / square meters / hour or less, more preferably about 8 grams / square meters / hour or less, and more Preferably about 5 grams
It may be configured to form a skin hydration value of less than / square meter / hour.
For example, the absorbent article of the present invention may have from 0.1 to about 18 grams / square meter / hour, about 0.1
To about 12 grams / square meter / hour of skin hydration value. An absorbent article exhibiting a skin hydration value higher than that described above will give more growth of microorganisms to the skin, leading to increased skin discomfort and rash.

The absorbent article of the present invention will exhibit reduced microbial viability which further reduces skin discomfort. The low microbial viability is a direct result of increased breathability and air exchange within the articles of the invention. For this application, the ability of the absorbent article to achieve low microbial viability is defined as the Candida albican viability value. This is because the presence of Candida albican is considered to be directly related to the occurrence of discomfort and especially the occurrence of rash. As used herein, "Candida albican viability" refers to the value determined according to the Candida albican survival test described below. In general, the Candida albican survival test is based on conventional absorption with Candida albican in a patch of the test absorbent article and a non-breathable outer cover, that is, an outer cover with a WVTR of 100 grams / square meter or less per 24 hours. Comparison with Candida albican viability in a standard patch from a sex article.

In certain embodiments, the absorbent articles of certain embodiments of the present invention may have improved performance of about 85% or less, about 80% or less, and preferably about 80% or less of the standard Candida albican viability. It may be configured to form about 60 percent or less, more preferably about 40 percent or less, and even more preferably about 20 percent or less. For example, an absorbent article of the invention when inoculated with a suspension of about 5-7 logs of Candida albican colony forming units for the Candida albican survival test,
It may have about 2.5 or less, preferably about 2.0 or less and more preferably about 1.75 logs of Candida colony forming units. Absorbent articles exhibiting Candida albican survival values above those described above are undesirable because they increase the incidence of discomfort and rash. The Candida albican survival value described above is preferably obtained without incorporating a sterilant into the absorbent article and causing the consumer to feel uncomfortable.

Maintaining or improving the health of the skin of the wearer b has one or more of the properties described above.
It has been discovered that one or more can be achieved by selecting a combined absorbent article configuration. For example, a given level of acceptable improved performance may be a dry air exchange rate of at least about 525 cubic centimeters / minute and a wet air exchange rate of at least about 175 cubic centimeters / minute, preferably at least about 675 cubic centimeters / minute. Can be achieved by employing an absorbent article that exhibits a rate and a wet air exchange rate of at least about 200 cubic centimeters / minute. Alternatively, the improved performance is at least about 175 cubic centimeters per minute wet air exchange rate and about
By employing an absorbent article exhibiting a skin hydration value of less than 18 grams / meter / hour, preferably a moist air exchange rate of at least about 200 cubic centimeters / minute and a skin hydration value of less than about 12 grams / meter / hour. To be achieved.

Further, improved performance is provided by a dry air exchange rate of at least about 525 cubic centimeters / minute and a wet air exchange rate / dry air exchange rate ratio of at least about 0.20, preferably at least about 625 cubic centimeters / minute. Rate and at least about 0.
It has been discovered that this can be achieved by employing an absorbent article having a wet air exchange rate / dry air exchange rate ratio of 23.

Examples of suitable constructions of absorbent articles for use in the present invention are described below as illustrated in FIGS. 1-6. FIG. 1 depicts a plan view of a one-piece absorbent article, such as the disposable diaper of the present invention, in an uncontracted state (ie, with all elasticity forming the gathers and contractions (removed)). A portion of the diaper has been partially cut away to more clearly show the interior of the diaper 10 facing the observer and contacting the wearer.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the absorbent article cut along the line. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a disposable diaper 10 comprises a front waist section 12, a back waist section 14 and an intermediate section 16 connecting the front and rear waist sections. The anterior-posterior waist section includes a portion of the article that, in use, is configured to extend substantially beyond the anterior-posterior lower abdominal region of the wearer. The intermediate portion of the article comprises a portion of the article that is configured to extend through the wearer's crotch region between the legs.

The absorbent article comprises a water vapor permeable backsheet 20, a liquid permeable topsheet 22 in a relationship facing the backsheet 20, and an absorbent pad disposed between the backsheet 20 and the topsheet 22. Such an absorbent body 24. The backsheet 20 has a length and width that match the length and width of the diaper 10 in the illustrated embodiment. The absorbent body 24 generally has a length and width that is less than the length and width of the backsheet 20.
Margin portions of the diaper 10, such as the margin section of the backsheet 20, need only extend beyond the ends of the absorbent body 24. In the illustrated embodiment, for example,
The backsheet 20 extends outwardly beyond the end margin edges of the absorbent body 24 to allow the diaper
Ten side margins and end margins are formed. Top sheet
Although 22 is substantially coextensive with backsheet 20, it may optionally cover a larger or smaller area than backsheet 20 if desired. The backsheet 20 and the topsheet 22 face the wearer's clothing and body during use.

On the surface of the backsheet 20 facing the garment, where the permeability of the backsheet enhances the air permeability of the absorbent article and stains the wearer's clothing, water vapor such as urine during use. It is configured to reduce hydration of the wearer's skin without excessive throat.

[0050] The diaper side margins and end margins, such as single or multiple elastic strands, provide an improved fit and help reduce leakage of body exudates from the diaper 10. It may be elastic with a suitable elastic member. The elastic strands need only be constructed of natural or synthetic rubber and optionally be heat shrinkable or thermoelastic. For example, as shown in Figures and 2, the diaper 10 is
Improves by forming leg elastics 26 configured to operatively gather and contract the side margins of the diaper 10 to create an elasticized leg band that can fit around the wearer's legs It is designed to create a comfortable and aesthetic appearance. Similarly, waist elasticity 28 may be utilized to elasticize the end margins of diaper 10 to form an elasticized waist. The waist elastic is configured to operatively gather and contract the waist section, providing elastic, comfortable fit around the waist of the wearer. In the illustrated embodiment, the elastic member is shown in its uncontracted, stretched condition for clarity.

Fastening means 30, such as hook and loop fasteners, are used to secure the diaper to the wearer. In addition, other means such as buttons, pins, snaps, adhesive tape fasteners, tacks, mushrooms and loop fasteners may be used.

The diaper 10 may include another layer between the absorbent body 24 and the topsheet 22 or the backsheet 20. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the diaper 10 has an absorbent body 24.
And a backsheet 20 disposed between the backsheet 20 and the backsheet 20 to isolate the backsheet 20 from the absorbent body 24 to improve air circulation and efficiently remove dirt on the clothing-facing surface of the backsheet 20. It is designed to be reduced to. The ventilation layer 32 helps disperse the liquid excrement in the part of the absorbent body 24 that does not receive the excrement directly. The diaper 10 includes a surge management layer 34 disposed between the topsheet 22 and the absorbent body 24 to prevent liquid waste from overflowing, improve air exchange, and disperse liquid waste within the diaper 10. Are arranged to improve.

The diaper 10 may have any suitable shape. For example, the diaper may have a rectangular shape, a T shape, or a suitable hourglass shape. The diaper 10 defines a longitudinal direction 36 and a lateral direction 38. Other suitable diaper components incorporated into the absorbent articles of the present invention include storage flaps, waist flaps, elastic side panels, etc., which are known to those skilled in the art.

An example of a diaper construction suitable for use in connection with the present entry containing another diaper component suitable for use in a diaper is given in US Pat. 4,7
No. 98,603, No. 5,176,668 granted to Bernardin on January 5, 1993, No. 5,176,67 granted to Bloomer et al. On January 5, 1993, Proxymeier et al. 1993.
No. 5,192,606 granted March 9, 2016 and No. 5,509,915 granted Hanson et al., April 23, 1996, which is incorporated herein by reference. .

The various components of the diaper 10 are integrally assembled using various means of suitable attachment means such as adhesives, ultrasonic bonding, thermal bonding and combinations thereof. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the topsheet 22 and backsheet 20 are reciprocally connected to each other using a line of adhesive such as hot melt, pressure sensitive adhesive.
Is assembled in. Similarly, other diaper components, such as the elastic members 26, 28, the coupling member 30, and the ventilation surge management layers 32, 34, may be assembled into the diaper article using the attachment mechanism identified above. .

The backsheet 20 of the diaper 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively, is composed substantially of a vapor permeable material. The backsheet 20 is configured to be at least water vapor permeable and is at least about 1000 g / square meter / 24 hours, preferably
At least about 1500g / square meter / 24 hours, more preferably at least about 2000g /
It is configured to have a square meter / 24 hours, more preferably at least about 3000 g / square meter / 24 hours. For example, the backsheet 20 is about 1000 to about 6000
It only needs to have a water vapor transmission rate of g / square meter / 24 hours. Materials with water vapor transmission rates below those mentioned above will not be able to carry out a sufficient amount of air exchange, which will increase skin hydration levels.

The backsheet 20 is preferably substantially liquid impermeable. For example, a backsheet, when subjected to a hydraulic test, is at least about 60 cm, preferably at least about
It may be configured to provide a water head value of 80 cm, more preferably at least about 100 cm. Materials with water heads less than those mentioned above will penetrate liquids such as urine during use. Such a fluid stain is not preferable because it may contaminate the back sheet 20 or give an unpleasant sensation during use.

The backsheet 20 is composed of any suitable material that directly provides a desired or greater level of liquid impermeability and air permeability, or any material that is modified and treated to provide such levels. May be. In one embodiment, backsheet 20 may be a nonwoven fibrous web configured to provide the required level of liquid impermeability. For example, a nonwoven web composed of spunbond or meltblown polymer fibers is treated with a water repellent coating or laminated with a liquid impermeable and water vapor permeable polymer film to form backsheet 20. If you have. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the backsheet 20 is composed of a nonwoven web composed of a plurality of randomly deposited hydrophobic thermoplastic meltblown fibers that are sufficiently bonded or connected to each other, Is permeable to water vapor and forms a liquid impermeable web. The backsheet 20 may be partially coated or composed of a water vapor permeable nonwoven layer configured to impart liquid impermeability to selected areas.

An example of a suitable material for the backsheet is US Pat. No. 5,482, issued to Bradley et al. On Jan. 9, 1996 under the name "Nonwoven Laminates that Transports Improved Barrier Properties".
No. 765, Odrinski et al., “Absorptive article with ventilation gradient” 29 March 1996
No. 08 / 668,418 filed June 21, 1996, as "Absorptive Article with Composite Breathable Backsheet", by U.S. Patent No. 08 / 622,903, Good et al.
199 as "Low Gauge Film and Film / Nonwoven Laminate" by McCormack et al.
No. 08 / 882,712, filed June 25, 1995, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In a particular embodiment, the backsheet 20 is formed of a porous film / nonwoven laminate material that comprises a spunbond nonwoven material laminated to a porous film.
Spunbond nonwovens consist of about 1.8 denier filaments extruded from an ethylene copolymer with about 3.5 weight percent propylene and have a basis weight of about 17 to about 25 grams per square meter. The film consists of cast co-extruded film with calcium carbide particles in it, before stretching, about
With a basis weight of 58 grams. The film is preheated, stretched, annealed to form micropores and laminated to the spunbond nonwoven. The resulting microporous film / nonwoven laminate based material has a basis weight of about 30 to about 60 grams per square meter and a water vapor transmission rate of about 3000 to about 6000 g / square meter / 24 hours. An example of such a film / nonwoven laminate material is disclosed by McCormack et al. In "08 / 882,712" filed June 25, 1997 as "Low Gauge Film and Film / Nonwoven Laminate". , This specification incorporates all of these by reference.

The topsheet 22 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively, is comfortable to the wearer's skin and is soft and not discomforting. Further, the topsheet 22 is less hydrophilic than the absorbent body 24, provides a relatively dry surface to the wearer, and is sufficiently liquid permeable to allow liquids to easily pass through its thickness. Suitable topsheet 22
Are widely selected from web materials such as porous foam, reticulated foam, perforated plastic film, natural fibers (eg wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (eg polyester or polypropylene fibers), or a combination of natural and synthetic fibers. Being manufactured. Suitably, the topsheet 22 is utilized to help isolate the wearer's skin from the liquid retained in the absorbent body 24.

Various woven and non-woven fibers can be used for the topsheet 22. For example, the topsheet may be composed of a meltblown or spunbond web of polyolefin fibers. The topsheet may be a bonded and carded web of natural and / or synthetic fibers. The topsheet consists essentially of a hydrophobic material, which may optionally be treated with a surface treatment agent and which is treated to impart the desired level of wettability and hydrophilicity. It should have been done.
In a particular embodiment of the present invention, about 0.3% by weight of the surface-active agent mixture comprising a mixture of AHCOVEL base N62 and GLUCOPON 220UP surface-active agent in a ratio of about 3: 1 based on the total weight of the surface-active agent mixture. It has only been processed. AHCOVEL Base N-62 can be purchased from Hodgson Textile Chemical Inc. of Mount Holly, NC and contains a mixture of hydrogenated ethoxylate sunflower oil and sorbitan monooleate in a weight ratio of 55:45. . GLUCOPON 220UP can be purchased from Henkel Corporation and contains alkyl polyglycosides. The surface-treating agent may include additional components such as aloe. The interfacial treatment may be applied by conventional means such as spraying, printing, brush coating, foam and the like.
The surface treatment may be applied to the entire topsheet 22 or may be applied to a particular section of the topsheet, such as an intermediate section along the longitudinal centerline of the diaper, to allow greater It only needs to give moisture.

The topsheet 22 of the absorbent article of the present invention need only include the lotion formulation on the outer body facing surface. Lotion formulations may generally include emulsions, waxes and optionally viscosity enhancing agents. For example, a lotion formulation may contain, based on its total weight, about 5 to 95 weight percent emulsion, about 5 to about 95 weight percent wax, and about 1 to about 25 weight percent viscosity enhancing agent. Good.
The lotion formulation may include other components.

The emulsion functions as a lubricant, reducing the friction of the topsheet against the skin and transferring it to the skin, helping to maintain the skin's soft, smooth and supple appearance.
Suitable emulsions that can be incorporated into lotion formulations include oils such as petroleum-based oils, vegetable-based oils, mineral oils, natural and synthetic oils, silicone oils, lanolin and lanolin derivatives, kaolin and kaolin derivatives and mixtures thereof. Esters such as cetyl palminate, styaryl palminate, cetyl stearate, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, etc. and mixtures thereof; glycerol esters; eucalyptol, cetaryl glucoside, dimethyl isosorbate Side polyglyceryl-3 cetyl ether, polyglyceryl-3 decyl tetradecanol, propylene glycol,
Ethers such as myristyl ether and the like and mixtures thereof, alcosylate carboxylic acids; alkoxylate alcohols; octyldodecanol, lauryl,
Include aliphatic alcohols such as myristyl, cetyl, stearyl and bihenyl alcohols and the like and mixtures thereof. For example, petroleum is the most suitable emulsion. Other conventional emulsions may also be added to maintain the desired properties of the lotion formulations described herein.

To impart improved stability and transfer to the wearer's skin, lotion formulations are not preferred as lotion formulations containing more than the above amount of emulsion will result in reduced viscosity and migration of the lotion. . On the other hand, lotion formulations containing less than this emulsion are not preferred as they reduce migration of the lotion to the wearer's skin.

The wax of the lotion formulation of the present invention functions primarily as an immobilizer and active component of the emulsion. In addition to immobilizing the emulsion and reducing its tendency to migrate, the wax of the lotion formulation imparts tack to the lotion formulation and improves transfer to the skin of the wearer. The presence of wax modifies the mode of transfer in that the lotion tends to come off instead of actually wiping the wearer's skin to guide improved transfer to the skin. The wax functions as an emulsion, occlusive agent, moisture agent, barrier enhancer and mixtures thereof.

Suitable waxes, including lotion formulations, include animal, plant, mineral or silicone based waxes such as Bayberry wax, beeswax, C30 alkyl dimethicone, candelilla wax, Brazilian wax palm, ceresin. , Cetyl ester, African stalk, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated jojoba oil, hydrogenated jojoba wax, hydrogenated micro liquid crystalline wax, hydrogenated rice bran wax, mink wax, motanic acid wax , Motan wax, Ouricuri wax, Ozoquerite, Paraffin, PEG-6 beeswax, PEG-8 beeswax, Rais wax, rice bran wax, shellac wax, spent grain wax, spermaceti wax, still dimesicon, Formed candelilla wax, synthetic carnuba wax, synthetic Japan wax, synthetic jojoba wax, synthetic wax, and the like, and natural or synthetic as well as mixtures thereof. For example, a particularly suitable wax is about 70 weight percent ceresin wax, about 10 weight percent microcrystalline wax, about 10 weight percent paraffin wax and 10 weight percent cetyl ester (synthetic spermaceti wax).
including.

The lotion formulation is preferably about 5 to about 95 weight percent, preferably about 25 to about 75 weight percent and more preferably about 40 to about 60 to provide improved transfer to the wearer's skin. It need only contain weight percent wax. To provide improved stability and transfer to the wearer's skin, lotion formulations are not preferred as lotion formulations containing less than the above amounts of wax will result in reduced viscosity and migration of the lotion. On the other hand, lotion formulations containing more wax than this are not preferred because they reduce migration of the lotion to the wearer's skin.

Viscosity enhancers are added to the lotion formulation to increase the viscosity that stabilizes the formulation on the body facing surface of the topsheet 22 and reduces migration to the skin to reduce migration. Improve. Preferably, the viscosity enhancing agent is at least about 50 percent, more preferably at least about 100 percent, more preferably at least about 5 percent.
It is preferred to increase the viscosity of the lotion formulation to more than 00 percent, more preferably at least about 1000 percent, and even more than at least about 5000 percent. Suitable viscosity enhancers incorporated into lotion formulations include polyolefin resins, lipophilic thickeners, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, polyethylene, silica, talc, colloidal silicon dioxide, zinc stearate, cetyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and other modified celluloses. And mixtures thereof. For example, a particular known viscosity enhancing agent is ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer available from EI DuPont under the registered trademark FLVAX.

To provide improved transfer to the wearer's skin, the lotion formulation comprises from about 0.1 to about 25 weight percent, preferably from about 5 to about 20 weight percent, more preferably from about 10 to about 15 weight percent. It contains a viscosity-enhancing agent to reduce migration and improve migration to the wearer's skin.

If the lotion formulation wishes to treat the skin, it can contain active ingredients such as diaper rash skin protectants. Skin protection is a drug product that protects injured or bare skin or viscous thin film cotton from dangerous conditions. In addition to those mentioned above as suitable emulsions, suitable active ingredients incorporated into lotion formulations are alatoin and its derivatives, aluminum hydroxygel, calamine, cocoa butter, dimethicone, cod liver oil,
Glycerin, kaolin and derivatives thereof, lanolin and derivatives thereof, mineral oil, shark liver oil, talc, topical starch, zinc acetate, zinc carbide, zinc oxide, etc., and mixtures thereof, but not limited to these. Absent. Lotion formulations may contain from about 0.10 to about 95 weight percent of the active ingredient, based on the amount desired for skin protection and delivery to the skin.

Additional components may be included in the lotion formulations of the present invention to enhance their benefit to the wearer. For example, the classification of components that can be used and the corresponding advantages are: antifoams (reducing the tendency of foaming during processing), antibacterial agents, preservatives, antioxidants (product integrity), astringents-cosmetics. , (Tightening or tingling of the sensation of the skin), astringent-drug (when applied to the skin, as it stains,
Excrete. Flow products, drug products that act by coagulating proteins, bioactive agents (which enhance product performance or consumer appeal), colorants (which give color to the product), deodorants (Reduces or eliminates unpleasant odors and protects against malodor formation on the human body surface), another emulsion (remains on the surface of the skin to act as a lubricant to give a soft, smooth and pleasing skin appearance) External sedatives (topical analgesics, anesthetics, or topically applied drugs that have anti-itch effects by weakening skin-sensitive receptors, to help keep the skin smooth and supple by ability), or Topically applied agents of topical derivatives by simulating skin-sensitive receptors; film formation (making a continuous film on the skin during drying) Holding the active component to the skin by issuing); appeal for the fragrance (consumer); silicon / organic modified silicon (protection, tissue water resistance, lubricity, tissue softness); oil (
Minerals, botanicals and animals); natural moisturizers (NMFs) and other skin moisturizing components known in the text and elsewhere; opacifiers (reducing product clarity or clarity); powders (lubricity, Improves oil absorption and provides protection to the skin, as well as smoothness and opacity); skin conditioning agents, solvents (liquids used to break down ingredients understood to be effective in cosmetics or drugs) and interfaces Includes processing agents (creasing agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, and suspending agents).

An important property of the different aspects of the invention is that it remains resistant to remaining on the surface of the topsheet and transfer to an article so that it can be transferred to the skin of the wearer. In this regard, an article having a lotion formulation of the present invention applied to a topsheet would have a lotion migration test in the Z direction of about 55%.
Or less, preferably about 50% or less, more preferably 45% or less, further preferably about 40% or less.
% Or less, and more preferably 35% or less. In articles having greater Z-direction loss of movement, the lotion formulation travels inwardly and along the surface of the topsheet as it passes through the absorbent body of the article, which is undesirable and reduces wear. The reduction is reduced and the transfer to the wearer's skin is reduced.

Another Important Measure of Different Embodiments of the Present Invention Another important measure of the lotion formulation of another important embodiment is the ability to oppose lateral movement along the surface of the topsheet. In this regard, an article having a lotion formulation of the present invention applied to a topsheet undergoes a CD direction lotion transfer test, described below, of about 40% or less, preferably about 35% or less, more preferably 30% or less. % Or less, more preferably about 25%
Below, more preferably, there is a loss in the CD (cross machine direction) direction of 20% or less. In articles with greater CD loss, the lotion formulation migrates inwardly along and along the surface of the topsheet as it passes through the absorbent body of the article, which is undesirable and further improved. Lotion formulation of the present invention to impart good stability and transfer to the skin of the wearer, preferably from about 30 to about 100 ° C, preferably from about 35 to about 80 ° C, and more preferably from about 40 ° C to about 75 ° C. It only needs to have a melting point. Although lower melting point lotion formulations exhibit lotion transfer at elevated temperatures during use and during storage. It is not preferable because it causes migration to the skin.

The lotion formulations of the present invention provide about 50 to 1000000 centipoise, preferably about 50000 to 800,000 centipoise, more preferably about 100000 to about 500000 to improve migration and transfer to the skin of the wearer. It may have a melting point viscosity of centipoise. Lotion formulations with lower melting point viscosities are undesirable because they exhibit lotion migration through the topsheet of the article and into the absorbent body, resulting in reduced transfer to the skin. On the other hand, lotion formulations with a high melting point viscosity are not preferred as they harden and therefore reduce transfer to the skin.

The lotion formulations of the present invention provide about 50 to 1000 centipoise, preferably about 100 to 500 centipoise at 60 ° C., and more preferably about 60 to 60 ° C. for improved stability and delivery to the skin of the wearer. It may have a viscosity of 150 to about 250 centipoise. Lotion formulations having low viscosities at 60 ° C are not preferred as they will exhibit migration of the lotion through the topsheet and into the absorbent body of the article, reducing transport to the skin. On the other hand, lotion formulations that have a high viscosity at 60 ° C may harden and thus have reduced transfer to the skin.

The penetration hardness of the lotion formulations of the present invention is about 5 to about 360 millimeters,
More preferably about 10 to about 200 millimeters, more preferably about 20 to about 150 millimeters, and even more preferably about 40 to about 100 millimeters. (Lotion formulations with a needle penetration hardness of 360 mm or more are AST
(Measurement is not possible using M method D1321). The hardness of the lotion formulation of the present invention is important for two reasons. First, making the formulation softer is not desirable because it makes the formulation more mobile and allows the formulation to move more easily into the inner pile of the tissue. Second, softer formulations tend to be oily to the touch and are not preferred. In general, formulations having a needle penetration hardness of about 200 to about 360 millimeters feel slightly oily (depending on the additive) and creamy to the touch with slightly smooth conditions. Formulations with a needle penetration hardness value of about 5 to about 200 millimeters feel creamy and fairly smooth (depending on the additive).

The lotion formulation may be added to the entire body side of the topsheet 22 or selectively to a particular section of the body side, such as the mid section along the longitudinal centerline of the diaper. Such a lotion can be transferred to the wearer's skin, giving greater flexibility to such sections. Alternatively, the top sheet 22
The body side of the body may include a plurality of stripes of lotion formulation added thereto. For example, the bodyside of topsheet 22 may include a 1 to 10 stripe lotion formulation that extends along the length of diaper 20. The stripe may extend over the entire length of the top sheet 22. The stripes may have a width of about 0.2 to about 1 cm.

The lotion formulation must cover a sufficiently large surface area of the topsheet 22 to provide proper transfer to the skin and reduce wear between the topsheet 22 and the wearer's skin. . Preferably, the lotion formulation should be added to at least about 5%, and more preferably at least about 25% of the body side of topsheet 22.

The lotion formulation is applied to the topsheet at the level of impregnation that provides the desired transport benefits. For example, the total impregnation level of the lotion formulation is about 0.05 to about 100 mg / cm ² , more preferably about 1 to about 50 mg / cm ² , and more preferably about 10 to about 40 mg / cm ² for favorable performance. is there. The amount of impregnation depends on the desired effect of the lotion on the product form and the particular lotion formulation. As noted above, the improved stability and tendency of the lotion formulations of the present invention to impart a smaller amount of lotion to the topsheet 22 due to the reduced migration tendency can achieve the same benefits when compared to conventional lotion formulations. .

The lotion formulation may be applied to the topsheet 22 by known means. The preferred method of uniformly applying the lotion formulation to the surface of topsheet 22 is by spraying or slot coating. Because this is a reliable method, it provides maximum control over the distribution and transfer of the formulation. However, other methods such as rotogravure or flexographic printing can also be used.

For example, the lotion formulation is (1) heating the lotion formulation to a temperature above the melting point of the formulation to melt the formulation, and (2) homogenizing the fused formulation on the body side of the topsheet. And (3) re-cure the melted and deposited deposit of formulation to the topsheet 22. Preferably, rehardening of the deposit occurs instantaneously without the need for external cooling means such as chill rolls. This occurs when the formulation is heated to or slightly above the melting point of the formulation. However, if faster rehardening is desired, external means such as chill rolls can be used either before or after melt application.

The increased viscosity of the lotion and the instant re-hardening at the process temperature tend to prevent the formulation from penetrating the topsheet and the body of the aggression of the article, with the formulation on the body side of the topsheet 22. It is beneficial to maintain. For example, the temperature of the molten formulation is less than about 10 ° C, more preferably about 5 ° C to reduce migration.
Beneficially, less than, and more preferably above the melting point of the formulation prior to applying the formulation to the topsheet and less than about 2 ° C. When the temperature of the molten formulation reaches the melting point of the formulation, the viscosity of the molten formulation will increase, increasing the tendency of the molten formulation to be retained on the surface.

The topsheet 22 of the absorbent article of the present invention may include a skin treatment compound on the lateral body surface to protect and preserve the natural state of the skin. This is accomplished by depositing a skin-healthy drug from the topsheet 22 that is adapted to control the release of this drug to the skin surface. A drug good for skin health may act as a protective agent that can maintain the pH of the skin, prevent skin irritation, and maintain hydration and lubricity of the skin. Suitable skin treatment compounds are described in US patent application Ser. No. 60/141788, filed June 30, 1999 by Tyrell et al. And assigned to the applicant, the specification of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Incorporated as a reference.

Pancreatic digestive enzymes excreted by the human body with feces have been implicated in causing and causing skin inflammation (Anderson, PH, Batcher, AP, Size, II, Lee P. et al.
C., Davis, JA and Maybach, Fecal Enzymes in HI Skin Irritation, Contact Dermatitis 1994; 30.152-158). When feces containing these enzymes come into contact with the skin, the skin is irritated. In such cases, these enzymes, along with others found in faeces and urine, are coherent layers of colonial proteins, destroying the natural protective barrier of the skin. The skin is stimulated either directly by these enzymes or indirectly by another stimulus of feces and urine which is visible to the tissue. The lotion formulations and treatment compounds of the present invention are designed to form a thin, tacky, nearly continuous film on the skin to prevent, or at least minimize, the effects of such irritation.

The treatment compounds of the present invention include surface treatment agents and agents with good skin health. Preferably, the treatment compound is provided as an emulsion of a surface treatment agent and a skin health benefit agent, generally an oil in water (O / W) emulsion.

Examples of emulsions include aqueous emulsions of skin health benefit agents such as, for example, sulfa zinc heptahydrate and surface treatment agents such as AHCOVEL Base N-62. The whole solid is a rabbit 0
.Sufficient amount of skin-health-responsible agent is transferred to the skin when an emulsion containing about 75 weight-% of the surface treatment agent at 1 to 40 weight-% and up to about 25 weight-% of the skin-health benefit agent is used. I understood. The emulsion preferably contains about 5 to 30 weight percent solids. These emulsions are coated onto the material from a high solids bath (up to 40 weight percent) or from a dilute bath from about 0.1 weight percent to about 20 weight percent. The emulsion is diluted to about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent.

Effective surface treatments for the treatment compounds of the present invention are selected to provide excellent fluid treatment performance, skin protection and smoothness to human skin. Effective examples of suitable surface treating agents include ethoxylated hydrogenated aliphatic oils, monosaccharides, derivatives of monosaccharides, polysaccharides, derivatives of polysaccharides and combinations thereof.

Water-miscible nonionic surface-treatment agents are preferred, and such surface-treatment agents are commercially available. Examples of such surface treatment agents include AHCOVEL and GLUCOPON 220UP, which are alkyl polyglycoside having 8 to 10 carbons in the alkaline chain and are used as part of the surface treatment agent. Another known nonionic surfactant is a primary alkanol ethoxylate such as primary aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, secondary aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenols, PLURAFACS; and PLURONICS (available from BASF). Ethylene-oxygen-propylene oxide concentrate, and
It is a concentrated solution of sorbin fatty acid ester such as TWEEN (available from Uniqema) and ethylene oxide. Nonionic surface treatment agents are concentrated products of organic aliphatic or alkylaromatic hydrophobic compounds and hydrophilic ethylene oxide groups. Substantially ethylene oxide or a polyhydration product thereof wherein the hydrophobic compound having a carboxy, hydroxy, amide, or amide group together with a free hydrogen attached to the nitrogen,
Concentrates with polyethylene glycol to form a water miscible nonionic surface treatment. Other suitable surface treatment agents are polyoxyethylene sorbine monolaurin, polyoxyethylene sorbine monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbine trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbine tristirate and bovine liquid extraction surface treatment agents (Salvanta, Los Laboratories). , Acute Respiratory Distre
Includes agents used to treat ss Syndrome and Cystic Fibrosis, enzymes such as papain or pepsin that attach proteins.

More specifically, the nonionic surfactant is a higher alcohol enriched with about 5 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide (eg, about 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16. , 17 or 18
Alkanor) containing concentrated carbon molecules in a straight or branched chain structure.
Examples include lauryl or myristyl enriched with about 16 moles of ethylene oxide (EO).
Tridecanol enriched with about 6 moles of ethylene oxide; myristyl alcohol enriched with about 10 moles of EO per mole of myristyl alcohol: 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 hydrocarbon chains varying in length And a concentrated product of EO having a cut of coconut fatty alcohol containing a p-mixture of a fatty alcohol with a concentrate of about 6 moles EO per mole of total alcohol or about 9 moles per mole of alcohol. The nonionic surface treating agent contains EO and further comprises an ethoxylate fatty alcohol containing 6 EO to 11 EO per mole of alcohol. About 4 to 20,
Preferably use and sorbitan and 3C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ aromatic acid ester having an HLB of from about 8 15 (hydrophilic / hydrophilic balance), concentrate 2 from 30 moles of ethylene oxide as a nonionic surfactant processing agent it can.

Another group of interfacial treatment compounds comprises alkyl polysaccharides. Alkyl polysaccharides are alkyl polyglycosides with the formula SUGAR-O = R where R is a hydrophobic group.

Suitable skin health benefit agents for use in the treatment compounds of the present invention include zinc compounds to reduce or eliminate reactions associated with skin irritation or severe skin irritation. Examples of such agents include zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, monohydrate and the like. These agents are effective as astringent and enzyme inhibitors, and more particularly in feces and urine. Zinc interacts with the catalytic site of proteases, and in particular with the group of proteases known as serine proteases for suppressing the degradative action of proteins. Preventing enzymatic degradation will prevent the skin from being irritated rather than treating the irritated skin.

A further advantage of the skin health agents of the present invention is associated with lowering pH. Serine proteases, such as trypsin and pancreatic elastase present in feces and urine,
Catalytically optimal at basic pH of 8.0b and 8.5. The skin health benefit agents of the present invention were unexpectedly found to lower pH, thereby reducing the catalytic effect of these proteases.

The skin health benefit agent is present in the treating compound of the present invention in the range of about 0.01 to about 10 weight percent of the treating compound. Skin health benefit agents range from about 0.25 to about
It is preferably present in the treatment compounds of the present invention in the range of 1 weight percent.

The treatment compounds of the present invention may include proteins that can be processed under standard conditions. One such protein is sericin. Sericin is Bombix,
Part of twin fibroin silk thread spun by Mori and insects 2
It is one of two proteins. Sericin acts as a protection around the fibroin thread that spins the fiber with a soluble sizing agent. Sericin can be easily separated by hydrolysis. Post-spun sericin, along with its unique properties, is known to have a high effect on multiple proteins. When re-refined to high molecular weight substances, it easily binds to keratin on skin and scalp, forms resistance, is moist, forms a protective film on skin and scalp, and easily provides excellent barrier properties. it can.

Sericin is a silk protein obtained by the controlled hydrolysis of low molecular weight silk with a gravity ratio of at least 1. Commercially available silk protein is available from Kuroda Ink, Parasippani, NJ, under the registered name CROS.
ILK LIQUID, CROSILK 10,000 (hydrogenated silk), CROSILK P
It is sold as OWDER (granular silk) and CROSILK QUAT (cocodinonium hydroxypropyl silk amino acid). Another example of silk protein available for purchase is SERI CIN sold by Pentafarm LTD in The Netherlands. Details of such a silk protein mixture are described in Kim et al., US Pat.
4,906,460, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The silk protein derivative may be selected from one of several potential compounds. Included in the silk derivative are silk fiber and a hydrolyzate of silk fiber. The silk fibers may be used in powder form in preparing the emulsion, or as a powder for the product obtained by linearizing and treating the silk fibers with an acid. Silk fibers are U.S. Pat.No. 4,839,168 granted to Abe et al.,
No. 5,009,813 granted to Watanube et al., And No. 5,069,898 granted to Goldberg, used as a product obtained by a hydrolyzate having an acid, an alkali or an enzyme, and All patents are incorporated herein.

Another silk derivative utilized in the compounds of the present invention is a protein derived from scoured raw silk as disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,839,165 to Hop et al. This is incorporated by reference. The main protein obtained from raw silk is sericin, the structural formula is C ₁₅ H ₂₅ O ₃ N ₅ , and the molecular weight is about 323.5. A preferred silk derivative is a mixture of two or more individual amino acids that occur naturally in silk. The main silk amino acids are glycerin, alanine, serine and tyrosine.

Another example of a silk derivative for use in the emulsion compounds of the present invention is fine particles of non-fibrous or granular silk fibroin, as disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,233,212 to Otoy et al. . The fine particles are, for example, aqueous capryethylenediamine solution, aqueous ammonia solution, cupric hydroxide aqueous ammonia solution, hydroxide and glycerol mp aqueous alkaline solution, aqueous lithium, bromide soluble, chloride aqueous solution, calcium, ester, Calcium thiocyanate, magnesium, zinc,
And at least one scoured silk material selected from an aqueous thiocyanic chloride solution. The resulting fibroin solution is dialyzed. A dialyzed aqueous silk fibroin solution having a silk fibroin concentration of about 3 to 20 weight percent is subjected to at least one treatment and exposed to ultrasonic waves, for example by addition of agglomerated salts, saturation treatment, coagulation at isoelectric time. The silk fibroin is thereby condensed and precipitated, such as by stirring at a high shear rate. The resulting product is a silk fibroin gel that is either directly incorporated into the treatment compound or dehydrogenated and incorporated into granules and dissolved in the treatment compound.

Silk materials used to form silk fibroin include cocoon, raw silk, excreted cocoon, raw silk effluent, silk fiber excrement, and the like. Silk agents are scoured or removed from sericin by conventional procedures, such as by washing with warm water containing surfactants or enzymes, and dried. The scoured material is dissolved in a solvent and preheated to a temperature of about 60 to 95 ° C, preferably about 70 to 85 ° C. Details of the process for obtaining silk fibroin are disclosed in the above-mentioned US Pat. No. 4,233,212.

In addition to silk protein in the treatment compounds of the present invention, another protein is about 0.
It may be present at 1 to about 4.0 weight percent. Other additional proteins include enzymatic hydrolysates, lexin proteins, vegetable proteins, and hydrolyzed whale proteins and mixtures thereof.

The treatment compound of the present invention is in the form of an oil-in-water (O / W) emulsion, or after dilution with water, the main constituent is water, an interfacial treating agent, or a co-interfacial treating agent.

Because the compounds provided are in the aqueous liquid system, and any specific mixture
The compound is simply prepared by combining all the components in a suitable container or container, as it is not required to form an O / W emulsion. The order of mixing of the constituents is not particularly important, provided that the various constituents are added sequentially, all at once, or in the form of an aqueous emulsion of the main interfacial treating agent, respectively, or all. Well, co-surfactants can be prepared separately and combined with each other. For example, emulsions of organic acid emulsions can be used in the present invention. This is because such emulsions strongly irritate the skin, which is counterproductive to the intended purpose of the invention. Currently, protein is added as a water-soluble emulsion, which is added directly. It is not necessary to raise the temperature at the forming stage, but room temperature is sufficient. But 180
High temperatures of F (82.2 ° C) can be used, preferably 110 to 140 ° F (43.3 to 60 ° C).

For treatments on human skin, the treatment compounds are stabilized and formulated to contain one or more preservatives for incorporation into pharmaceutical, cosmetic or veterinary formulations. These treated compounds can be stabilized by conventional known stabilization techniques, such as boiling or pasteurization, without substantially affecting the biological activity of the compound. The compounds are required for proper physiological conditions and are required to prepare the compounds for conventional processing related to the description of lotion formulations, such as pH adjustment and buffering agents, preservatives and transport vehicles. It may also contain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances. The actual method for preparing pharmaceutically processable compounds is well within the skill of the art, and is described in detail, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Chemistry.

Fragrances, paints and pigments can also be incorporated into the treating compounds of the present invention. Peptone-copper mixtures may be formed separately for semi-solid compounds such as are suitable for pastes and creams required for current processing, e.g. aloe vera gel, squalene, glycerol stialene, polyethylene. It may be complexed with conventional non-toxic carriers such as glycol, cetyl alcohol, stearic acid and propylene glycol. Such mixtures may contain from 5 to 100%, preferably from about 5 to 25% active ingredient.

The treatment compound may be given to the wearer of the article in the case of non-healthy skin or skin that has been lost due to severe or another irritation or oxidative skin loss (eg peeling). . More effective if the treatment compound is applied in an amount sufficient to avoid further loss by the currently given stimulant or another unknown stimulant and the host is untreated And the treatment compound has been applied. An amount adequate to achieve these effects is defined as the therapeutically effective amount used and will vary with the application.

In prophylactic and cosmetic applications, treatment compounds are used to protect skin loss. A skin health benefit agent and / or silk protein is administered to the recipient in a condition that protects the integrity of the skin. In these uses, the amount, degree and condition of protection required to bring the skin to a condition subject to losses such as those caused by feces and urine or other irritants. These generally range from about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg per square centimeter of skin per day. Single or multiple administrations of the compounds are carried out with one day or extended time.

The silk protein of the present invention may be administered to a relatively large amount of skin without serious effects, although random use causes irritation to the skin. Dosage should be kept lower if the compound is administered prophylactically to avoid oxidative or physiological loss to the skin, or if there is loss or irritation to smooth skin. It should be adjusted to the level.

Treatment compounds, including prophylactic compounds, that provide skin protection and improved repair of the present invention have been incorporated into the topsheet 22 of the articles of the present invention and administered alone or in combination to treat. Alternatively, preventive assistance may be provided. For example, the treatment compound can be used in combination with another skin protection factor or another aspect of protection such as a lotion formulation as described above. In this way, a synergistic effect will be obtained, producing more effects than would be recognized by a single factor.

Further, the treatment compounds described herein resemble the spectrum of skin protection treatments, and the skin is significantly different in properties, making use of the combinations described herein and any of the other compounds or factors. Become.

Factors relating to therapeutic properties that can be included with the silk protein compounds for use in the protection / treatment formats and methods of the present invention include, for example, epidermal growth y sail win, fiber mother cell growth factor, nerve fiber growth factor, Includes transforming growth factors, angiogenic factors, heparin, fibronectin, fibrin, platelet-induced growth factors, enzyme superoxide growth factors, blood or factor extraction from blood and other factors.

The treatment compound may be applied to the topsheet 22 by conventional means such as spraying, coating, etc., where high solids spraying is effective in cases where it is desired to minimize drying or compaction. The amount of treatment compound used depends on the particular purpose use, such as basis weight and porosity of the material.

A unique and surprising aspect of the treatment compounds of the present invention includes the ability to depress the skin from the topsheet. It has been found that when the liquid is directed to the topsheet, the treatment compound dissolves in the liquid, resulting in liquid-conditioned delivery of the treatment compound to the skin. In other words, the treatment compound containing the skin-health benefit agent dissolves the substance into a liquid and deposits a thin, sticky, continuous film of skin-health benefit agent on the skin. Urine is an example of a liquid that can transfer the treatment compound from the topsheet 22 to the skin. As another example, after abrasion or injury to the skin, the liquid made by the human body will provide sufficient delivery of the treatment compound from the topsheet. Generally, when wettability occurs, the treatment compound transfers from the topsheet to the skin and forms a protective barrier.

The absorbent body 24 of the diaper 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a hydrophilic body, such as a cellulose fluff web, mixed with particles of a superabsorbent material commonly known as a superabsorbent material. Suitably it consists of a matrix of natural fibers. In certain instances, the absorbent body 24 comprises a matrix of cellulosic fluff, such as wood pulp fluff, and superabsorbent hydrogel-forming particles. The wood pulp fluff may be replaced with synthetic polymer meltblown fibers or a combination of meltblown fibers and natural fibers. The superabsorbent particles may be mixed with the hydrophilic fibers almost homogeneously or non-uniformly. Alternatively, the absorbent body 24 may comprise a fibrous web laminate and superabsorbent material or means suitable for holding the superabsorbent material in place.

The absorbent body 24 may have a plurality of shapes. For example, the absorbent core may be napped, I-shaped, T-shaped. It is generally preferred that the absorbent body 24 be narrower in the midsection than in the front and back waist regions of the diaper 10. The absorbent body 24 need only be formed of a single layer or multiple layers, but not all of the length and width of the absorbent body 24. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the absorbent body 24 is generally T-shaped, with transverse bars extending transversely of T corresponding to improved performance, particularly to the front waist section 12 of an absorbent article for boys. . In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the absorbent body over the front waist section 12 of the article.
24 has a lateral treasure width of about 18 cm, the narrowest part of the middle section 16 has a width of about 7.5 cm, and in the back section 14 11.4.
It has a width of centimeters.

The size and absorbent capacity of the absorbent body 24 should match the size of the intended wearer and the liquid load obtained by the intended use of the absorbent article. Moreover, the size and absorbent capacity of the absorbent body 24 can be varied to accommodate wearers ranging from infants to adults. Further, with respect to the present invention, the density or basis weight of the absorbent body 24 can also be varied. In certain embodiments of the invention, the absorbent body 24 has an absorption capacity of at least about 300 grams of synthetic urine.

In embodiments where the absorbent body 24 comprises a combination of hydrophilic fibers and superabsorbent particles, the hydrophilic fibers and superabsorbent particles may be in the range of about 400 to 900 grams per square meter. An average basis weight can be formed. In certain aspects of the invention,
The average composite basis weight of the absorbent body 24 is about 500 to 800 grams per square meter,
It is preferably between 550 and 750 grams per square meter to give the desired performance.

To form the desired thickness dimensions for various constructions of absorbent articles of the present invention,
The absorbent body 24 can be constructed with a bulk thickness that is less than or equal to about 0.6 centimeters. Preferably the bulk thickness is less than or equal to about 0.53 centimeters, and preferably less than or equal to about 0.5 centimeters to provide improved benefits. The bulk thickness is obtained at an inhibition pressure of 0.2 PSI (1.38 kPa).

The superabsorbent material can be selected from natural, synthetic and modified natural polymers and materials. The superabsorbent material may be an inorganic material such as silica gel or an organic compound such as a crosslinked polymer. Cross-linked means the means by which water-soluble materials are usually substantially water-insoluble but enriched. Such means include, for example, physical entanglement, crystal domains, covalent bonds, ionic complexes and associations, hydrophilic associations such as hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic associations or Van der Waals forces.

Examples of synthetic, polymeric superabsorbent materials include alkali metals and poly (alkaline acids).
And ammonia salts of poly (methacrylic acid), poly (acrylamide), poly (
Vinyl ether), maleic acid copolymers with vinyl ether and alpha olefins, poly (vinyl pyrrolidone), poly (vinyl morpholinone),
Includes copolymers with poly (vinyl alcohol) and mixtures thereof. Suitable polymers for use in the absorbent core include hydrogenated acrylonitrile-grafted starch, acrylic acid-grafted starch, methyl cellulose, shearing bookkeeping methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and alginates, xanthium rubber, locust beam rubber, etc. Including natural rubber like. Mixtures of natural and wholly or partially synthetic absorbable polymers can also be used in the present invention.

The superabsorbent material may have a wide range of geometric shapes. As a general rule, it is preferred that the superabsorbent material be discrete particles. However, the superabsorbent material is in the form of fiber k flakes, rods, spheres, needles and the like. Generally, the superabsorbent material is from about 5 to 90 weight percent, preferably at least 30 weight percent, and more preferably at least 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the absorbent body 24.
For example, in certain embodiments, the absorbent body 24 includes at least about 50 weight percent and preferably at least about 50 weight percent of the fibrous web or superabsorbent material overlaid by suitable means to maintain the superabsorbent material in localized areas. It may consist of a laminate containing about 70 weight percent.

An example of a superabsorbent material suitable for use in the present invention is SANWET IM3900, available from Hoest Celanes, Portmouth, VA. Another suitable superabsorbent material may include FAVOR SXM880, which is lactatable from Stockhausen, Greenboro, NC.

Optionally, a substantially hydrophilic wrap sheet (not shown) may be utilized to maintain the structural integrity of the absorbent body 24. A tissue wrap sheet is disposed around the absorbent body on two facing major surfaces and is composed of an absorbent cellulosic material such as creped wadding or high wet strength tissue. In one aspect of the invention, the tissue wrap is configured to form a wicking layer on the mass of absorbent fibers that comprises the absorbent body to aid in the rapid distribution of liquid.

The absorbent body 24 of the different embodiments of the present invention comprises a plurality of highly inspiratory permeable materials that allow air and water vapor to pass from the diaper 10 to the ambient air through the absorbent body 24, the water vapor permeable backsheet 20. Including zone. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the absorbent body 24 may include a plurality of passages 40 that provide the swage body 24 with zones or regions of high air permeability 42. In the illustrated embodiment, the portion of absorbent body 24 adjacent passageway 04 provides a zone or area for superabsorbent 44. The high air permeable zone 42 provides the best air exchange from the absorbent body 24, and the high absorbent zone 44 is designed to receive more body exudates. The absorbent body 24 may include multiple high air permeability zones 42 for improved air exchange. The absorbent body 24 may comprise at least three, or more, preferably at least five different high air permeability zones 42 for improved performance.

Highly permeable zones 42, such as air passages 40 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, are configured to enhance the breathability of the article and allow urine to be collected on the garment facing side of the backsheet 20. Is designed to increase the breathability of articles that reduce hydration of the skin of the wearer during use without undue vapor concentration such as. Such vapor condensation on the outer surface of the diaper 10 undesirably stains the wearer's clothing. A zone of high air permeability 42 is located in a predetermined area of the diaper on which air and vapors pass from the topsheet 22 through the absorbent body 24 and another intermediate layer of material to the vapor permeable backsheet 20. Can get out of. For example, the highly permeable zone 42 may be located throughout the absorbent body 24, or may be selected in an area of the absorbent body 24 that provides maximum air exchange, such as the middle section 16 of the diaper 20. In a particular embodiment, for improved air exchange, the high air permeability zone 42 includes front and middle sections 12, 16 of the diaper 10.
It is arranged in each.

On the other hand, the superabsorbent zone 44 is not designed to transfer high levels of air and steam from the inside of the diaper. Therefore, the air exchange from the topsheet 22 of the diaper 10 through the backsheet 20 of the diaper and into the ambient air (outside of the diaper) is highly permeable.
Not generated through the absorbent body 24. Air exchange through the absorbent body 24 occurs to a limited extent within the superabsorbent zone 44.

High permeability zones have desired structures including rectangles, circles, hourglasses, ellipses, etc., including selected longitudinal or lateral strips or regions of intermittently arranged wind speed. You may stay. For example, in FIGS. 1 and 2, the superabsorbent zone 42 includes:
It is formed by a plurality of air passages 40, ie holes through the absorbent body 24 having a generally circular structure. In such a construction, the superabsorbent zone 44 comprises the unperforated portion of the absorbent body 24 between the air passages 40.

The high air permeable sawn 42 has desired dimensions to prevent vapor coagulation through the garment-facing surface of the backsheet 20 and above it while efficiently providing improved air exchange. Should have. Preferably, the high air permeability zone 42 is the diaper.
Forming about 5 to about 75 percent, more preferably at least about 10 percent, even more preferably about 10 to about 70 percent, and even 10 to about 60 percent of the total surface area of the ten absorbent bodies 24. Good. For example, in a diaper for use with a medium size infant, the high air permeability zone 42 may form a total area of about 6 to about 90 square centimeters.

If the total area of the high air permeability zone 42 is larger than that described above, the diaper 10 will exhibit an undesirable amount of vapor coagulation on the exposed garment facing surface of the backsheet 20 and the diaper It feels damp on the outside. If the high air permeability zone 42 is less than or equal to the above area, the diaper 10 will exhibit low levels of air exchange, resulting in high levels of skin hydration, causing skin irritation and irritation. Is not desirable.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively, the zones of high air permeability 42 of the absorbent body 24 of the diaper 10 are at least substantially permeable to air, preferably permeable to steam. Is configured. For example, the zone of high air permeability 42 of the absorbent body 24 is greater than the Frazier perforation value of the high absorbent zone 44 of the absorbent body 24 by at least 10 percent, preferably at least about 20 percent, and more preferably at least about. With a Frazier perforation value of 50 percent. As used herein, Frazier porosity means the value determined in connection with the Frazier porosity test described below. If the high air permeability zone exhibits a Frazier perforation value below the above, the diaper 10 will exhibit low levels of air exchange, exhibiting high levels of skin hydration and irritation to the skin and rashes. It is not preferable because it causes.

The high air permeability zone may be formed by various means. The highly air permeable zone 42 is an integral part of the absorbent body 24 of the absorbent article and may be formed by holes, holes or open spaces in the absorbent body 24. For example, the absorbent body 24
May be discontinuous or removed to form zone 42. Alternatively, the high air permeability zone 42 is formed by a portion of the absorbent body 24 that is configured to absorb fluid exudates and below, so that such portion has improved air in use. Can flow in. For example, a portion of the absorbent body 24 is a void, i.e., including a superabsorbent material that is substantially smaller than another portion of the absorbent body 24 to obtain such improved air flow. Good. A portion of the absorbent body 24 may be treated or coated with a solution that renders it hydrophobic so as to form the highly air permeable zone 42 in selected areas. In another construction, the high air permeability zo 42 forms gaps or pores in the absorbent body 24 and has a higher air permeability than the super absorbent body 24, such as the materials described below suitable for the surge management layer 34. It is provided by placing another material having properties in the holes or gaps.

Examples of some constructions of absorbent body 24 according to different aspects of the present invention are illustrated in FIGS. For example, in FIGS. 1 and 2, the highly air permeable zone 42 of the raid body 24 is formed by a plurality of air passages 40 or holes through the absorbent body 24. In the illustrated embodiment, the air passages 40 are arranged intermittently along the entire length of the absorbent body 24 and the tea house. The illustrated air passage 40 is circular and has a diameter of about 1.27 centimeters and a total open area of about 12 percent of the total surface area of the absorbent body 24.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, the absorbent body 24 is in the form of separate segments 46 that are spaced along the longitudinal direction 36 of the diaper 10. In such a structure, the high air permeability zone 42 is formed by the space between the separate segments of the absorbent body 24. The absorbent body 24 may include a plurality of segments 46 having various shapes and sizes. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the absorbent body 24 is longitudinal in the diaper 10.
Includes four different segments 46 spaced at 36. The illustrated segment 46 is rectangular in shape and has a width that is less than the width of the absorbent body 24 formed by the width of the vent layer 32 and the surge management layer 34 as described below in the illustrated embodiment. . Alternatively, segment 46 may have a width approximately equal to the width of absorbent body 24. To maintain the segments 46 in a spaced relationship, the segments 46 are included between two sheets of material, such as a wrap sheet (not shown), or between the surge management layer 34 and the vent layer 32. In the illustrated embodiment, the segment 46 comprises a stack of superabsorbent material between two sheets or layers of material such that the high-air-knee zone 42 formed by the space between the segments 46 of the absorbent body 24. It has an open area of about 40% of the total surface area.

5 and 6, the highly air permeable zone 42 of the absorbent body 24 is formed by a plurality of passageways 40, ie holes through the absorbent body 24 similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. There is. However, in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, the air passages 40 are located in the absorbent body 24 at the front waist section 12, intermediate section 16 of the diaper 10 and not in the back waist section 14. Further in the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6, the absorbent body 24 includes an upper layer 48 and a lower layer 50, the upper layer 48 extending only along a portion of the length of the absorbent body 24. . In such a construction, much of the absorbent body 24 can be placed in the front waist section and middle sections 12, 16 of the diaper 10 for improved absorbency and cost savings. The illustrated air passage 40 is circular and forms a diameter of about 1.27 centimeters and a total open area of about 12 percent of the total surface area of the absorbent body 24.

Due to the thinness of the absorbent body 24 and the highly absorbent material of the absorbent body 24, the liquid uptake rate itself of the absorbent body 24 is too low or it properly withstands multiple excretion of liquid into the absorbent body 24. I can't. In order to improve total liquid wicking and air exchange, the diaper of the individual embodiments of the present invention has a porosity of the surge management material 34 as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
It may include a liquid permeable layer. The surge management layer 34 is less hydrophilic than the absorbent body 24 and collects liquid quickly, holds it instantaneously, conveys the liquid from its initial entry point, and releases the liquid to another part of the absorbent body 24. It has a density and a grammage capable of acting like. With this construction, liquid can be prevented from collecting and collecting on the absorbent garment 1 placed against the wearer's skin, which reduces the feel of the wearer becoming wet. The structure of the surge management layer 34 enhances air exchange within the diaper 10.

Various woven and non-woven fibers can be used to make up the surge management layer 34. For example, surge protection layer 45 may be a layer constructed from meltblown or spunbond webs of synthetic fibers such as polyolefin fibers. The surge management layer 34 may be a bonded and carded web or a dry web of natural and synthetic fibers. The bonded and carded web may be, for example, a low-melt binder fiber or a thermally bonded web that is bonded using powder or an adhesive. The web can include a mixture of different fibers. Surge relief layer 34 is composed substantially of a hydrophobic material, which may optionally be treated with a surface treatment agent or treated to provide the desired level of wettability and hydrophilicity. Good. In a particular embodiment, surge management layer 34 comprises from about 30 to about 120 grams / square meter of hydrophobic nonwoven material.

For example, in certain embodiments, the surge management layer 34 is configured to be in fluid communication with the absorbent body 24 in direct contact. The surge management layer 34 need only be operatively connected to the topsheet 22 in a swirl adhesive pattern. Further, surge relief layer 34 need only be operatively connected to absorbent body 24 by conventional adhesive patterns. The amount of adhesive impregnation should be sufficient to provide the desired level of bonding, but to avoid overly restricting the movement of liquid from the topsheet 22 through the surge management layer 34 and into the absorbent body 24. Must be low enough.

The absorbent body 24 is placed in fluid communication with the surge relief layer 34 to receive, retain and store liquid released from the surge relief layer. In the illustrated embodiment, the surge management layer 34 comprises isolation layers disposed one on top of the other, the isolation layer comprising the absorbent body 24, thereby forming a two-layer composition. The surge management layer 34 quickly collects the excreted liquid, holds it instantaneously, conveys this liquid from the first collection point, spreads the liquid to another part of the surge management layer 34, and collects such liquid. Release almost completely into the layer of absorbent body 24.

The surge treatment layer can be formed into a desired shape. Suitable shapes are, for example, circular, rectangular,
Includes triangles, polygons, oval shapes, dog bone shapes, hourglass shapes, and oval shapes. In certain embodiments, for example, the surge management layer is rectangular. In the illustrated embodiment, the surge management layer 34 is coextensive with the absorbent body 24. Alternatively, if the surge management layer 34 extends beyond just a portion of the absorbent body 24, then the surge management layer 34 will not.
It may be selectively arranged at any place along. For example, surge treatment layer
34 should be offset more towards the front waist section 12 of the garment to function more efficiently. The surge protection layer 34 is disposed substantially in the center around the longitudinal centerline of the absorbent main body 24.

Another suitable material for surge relief layer 34 is C. Ellis et al., US Pat. No. 5,488,166, issued Jan. 23, 1996 under the name Fiber Nonwoven Web Surge Layer for Daily Use, and Ellis. No. 5,490,856 issued on February 13, 1996 under the name of improved surge treated fibrous non-woven web for everyday goods etc.
No. 5,364,384, entitled Absorbent Structure with Improved Fluid Surge Treatment and Products Incorporating It, on November 15, 1999, the present invention is incorporated herein by reference.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the diaper 10 includes a backsheet that includes a vent layer 32 disposed between the backsheet 20 and the absorbent body 24. The vent layer 32 serves to facilitate movement of air therethrough in the diaper 10 to ensure that the backsheet 20 is not in surface contact with at least a portion of the absorbent body 24, the vent layer 32 being the absorbent body. 24 is in direct contact with and in fluid communication. Vent layer 32 is operatively connected to backsheet 20 in a conventional adhesive pattern, such as a swirl adhesive pattern. Further, the breathable layer 32 is operatively connected to the absorbent body 24 with a conventional adhesive pattern. The amount of adhesive impregnation should be sufficient to provide the desired level of bonding, but small enough not to overly restrict the movement of the absorbent sheet 24 to the backsheet 20 air and water vapor. There must be.

The breathable layer 32 helps collect the discharged liquid quickly and instantaneously flow through the retention absorbent body 24, in particular the high air permeability zone 42 within the absorbent body 24. The vent layer 32 carries the liquid from the point of initial contact and spreads the liquid to another portion of the vent layer 32, substantially completely releasing the liquid to the layer comprising the absorbent body 24.

Furthermore, the combination of the inventive highly breathable articles with the inventive lotion formulations or treatment compounds can be synergistically reduced in the occurrence of skin irritation and rashes. In particular, the lotion formulation and treatment compound act as a skin barrier and non-inflammatory. Thus, absorbent articles made in connection with the present invention can maintain and improve the skin of the wearer.

Test Procedure Hydrostatic Pressure Test The hydraulic pressure test is a measurement of the liquid barrier properties of a material. Generally, the hydrostatic pressure test determines the height (in centimeters) of water at the struts that the material supports before a given amount of water pressure passes through. Materials with a high water head value represent a lower barrier to liquid penetration with a lower water head value than the leading r materials. The hydraulic test is performed according to Federal Test Method Standard No. 191A.

Frazier Porosity Test The Frazier porosity values relevant herein are Frazier permeability testers (Freja Precision Instruments, Inc., Maryland) and Federal Test Method Standard No. It can be determined using the method 5450 of 191A. For the purposes of the present invention, tests are conducted using 8 inch by 8 inch samples.

Water Vapor Transmission Test A suitable technique for determining the WVTR (water vapor transmission rate) value of a material is as follows. For purposes of this invention, a 3 inch (76 millimeter) circular sample is cut from the test material and the reference material Celguard 2500. Two or three samples are prepared for each material. The test cup used for testing is cast aluminum, has a depth of 2 inches, and has a mechanical seal and a neoprene gasket. The cup is sold by Twining Albert Instruments, Inc. of Philadelphia, PA as Vaporometer Cup # 681. 100
Milliliters of diluting water was poured into each vaporometer cup and each sample of test material and standard material was placed over the open upper area of each cup. The threaded flange is tightened to form a seal along the edge of the cup and the associated test or standard material is exposed to ambient air over a circular area of 62 ml diameter (open open area of approximately 30 cm ² ). Leave exposed. The cups are then weighed, placed on a tray and set in a forced air oven set to 100 ° F (38 ° C). The oven is kept at a constant temperature by circulating external air, and prevents steam from forming inside. A suitable forced air oven is, for example, the Blue M Power-O-Metic 60 oven sold by Blue M Electric Company of Blue Island, Illinois. After 24 hours, the cup is removed from the oven and weighed. Preliminary test WVTR values are calculated as follows. Test WVTR = (grams weight loss over 24 hours) × 7571/24 (g / m 2/24 hours)

The relative humidity inside the oven is not particularly controlled. The Celguard 2500 acts as a control sample for each test under given set conditions of 100 ° F and ambient relative humidity. Celguard 2500 is a film made of 0.0025 cm thick microporous polypropylene.

Skin Hydration Test Skin hydration values are determined by measuring total water vapor loss (EL) and can be determined using the following test procedure. The test was applied to an infant who was partly toilet trained without lotion or ointment on the skin and had not taken a bath for 2 hours before the test. Each infant tests one diaper during each test session. The test diaper includes a test code and a standard code. The test diapers (test code and standard code) are made irregular.

Each test diaper is weighed before and after use to change the volume of liquid added to the diaper. A felt tip pen is used to mark an X in the target zone inside the diaper, with the X centered laterally 6.5 inches below the upper leading edge of the diaper. EL measurements are taken with an evaporometer such as the Evaporimeter EP1 available from Servomu AB in Stockholm, Sweden. Each test measurement is taken every second (total of 120 EWL values) once for 2 minutes with the EWL value taken.
The digital output from the evaporation total EP1 gives the fraction of evaporative water loss g / m ^2/24 hours units (EWL). Skin hydration value (SHV) is the water loss per unit area measured during a sampling time of 2 minutes and is calculated as: g / m ^2/24 hours

The pre-skin hydration value is measured after a drying time of 15 minutes when the infant wears only a long T-shirt or dress and is in a bowed position. The measurements are taken in the lower abdomen of the infant in the area corresponding to the target zone of the diaper, and an evaporometer is used to establish a skin hydration value of the infant's initial skin in the diaper target zone. Preliminary SHV is in the case of less than 10g / m ^2/24 hours, the diaper is worn the infant. 1 spare SHV
In the case of 0g / m ^2/24 hours or more, the drying time is extended until the following 10g / m ^2/24 hours. Prior to securing the diaper to an infant, a tube is placed to direct the flow of liquid to a pre-marked target zone. Once the diaper is fixed, 21
Three excretions of 0 milliliters of adjusted 0.9 weight percent saline at a rate of 15 milliliters per second and 70 milliliters at 45 millisecond intervals between excretion.

The infant wears the diaper for 60 minutes, after which the diaper is removed and a test measurement of skin hydration is made in the lower abdomen corresponding to the target zone mark of the diaper.
The measurement is carried out for 2 minutes. The weight of the used diaper is measured. Relative humidity and temperature measurements are taken in the diaper before skin hydration measurements are made. The test procedure is
The following day is then repeated for each infant using a diaper (test or standard) that the infant has not yet worn. Standard diapers provide a standardized standard for comparing the performance of diapers to be tested and evaluated. The standard diaper used in the practice run censorship test was the HUGGIES Supreme sold by Kimberly Clark.

Data regarding young children subjected to saltwater loads are discarded. Average net SHV (g / m ² /
The values recorded for (24 hours) are the skin hydration values after wearing on the lower abdomen (target zone mark), and the skin hydration measured on the lower abdomen before attaching the diaper to the infant (after drying). It is the mathematical average of all infants, divided by the value. Separate average net SHVs are required for test code diapers and standard code diapers.

[0153]   The net skin hydration value is determined as follows.

Net SHVi = YV where Y is the skin hydration value measured at each infant's target zone mark and z is the base measured at the lower abdomen after the dry period before attaching the diaper to the infant. The line skin hydration value and SHVi is the skin hydration value for each infant. next,

Where N is the number of infants in the study. The percent reduction in skin hydration is determined as follows.

[0156] Where C = Net SHVi for standard diaper code         D = Net SHVi for exam diaper code         N = number of infants in the study

Tracer Gas Test The tracer gas test is a measure of the air exchange rate of clothing, such as absorbent articles, k
It is a steady flow / steady time b described in TAPPI JOURNAL Vol. 80 published in September 1997. Generally, the air exchange rate value is calculated from the measured mass exchange of clothing. The test involves injecting tracer gas at a constant rate inside the article on the outer surface of the lower half of the mannequin while the article is secured to the mannequin. Similarly, solidification of the tracer gas in the air space between the article and the mannequin is measured by withdrawing the sample at the same rate as when jetting. The air exchange rate is determined based on the mass balance of the tracer gas and the air in the space in question. The tracer gas test is conducted as follows.

Equipment 1. Mannequin-Tests are conducted on Stage 3 or h4 size diapers designed for infants weighing about 16 to about 28 pounds and about 22 to about 37 pounds. The diaper is attached to a mannequin having the following dimensions. Stage 3 Height (waist to knee) 26 cm Waist circumference 42 cm Hip circumference 44 cm Thigh circumference 22 cm

Stage 4 Height (waist to knee) 28 cm Waist circumference 48 cm Hip circumference 51 cm Thigh circumference 27 cm Environmentally adjusted to 2.20 ° C. and 50% relative humidity. 3. A CO ₂ analyzer, such as the Model 17515A, available from Vuk-Med at 4483 McGrace Street # 102, Ventura, Calif.-Infrared CO ₂ analyzer. 4. Rotameter-Specialty Gas, 3496 Peachtree, Parkway, Suwanee, Georgia Rotameter for maintaining gas flow, such as the Messon rotormeter available from South Heat Inc. 5. Gas Cylinder-Suwanee, Park, Georgia. Two gas cylinder tracer gases of medical grade gas calibrated at 4K Pascal pressure from Specialty Gas South Heat Inc., Way, 3496 Peachtree, contain 5% CO ₂ and calibration gas is 100% air.

Procedure 1. Turn on the CO ₂ analyzer. After 30 minutes on, calibrate the analyzer with the calibration gas and adjust the flow control to achieve a flow rate of 150 cubic centimeters / minute by the analyzer. 2. Attach the diaper to be tested to the mannequin. 3. Turn on the CO ₂ tracer gas flow. The flow rate injected into the space between the injection tracer gas diaper and the mannequin must be equal to the sample flow rate via a CO ₂ analyzer (150 cc / min). 4. Every 10 seconds every 20 minutes, tracer gas (CO
₂ ) Measure the coagulation (C) and record it. The data over the last 10 minutes are averaged and used to calculate the air exchange rate as follows. Air exchange rate = 150 CC / min _{* [(C T -C) /} (CC O)] where, C _T is the tracer gas concentration (5%), C is the concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured and C ₀ is the tracer gas concentration in the chamber environment (0.04%).

The dry air exchange rate is the air exchange rate determined according to the procedure described above before the diaper is excreted. The moist air exchange rate is 180 mm () when the diaper is fixed to the mannequin.
Stage 3) or 210 mm (stage 4) adjusted 0.9 weight percent saline was added at a rate of 15 mm / sec to 60 or 70 milliliters of 3 voids with 45 seconds between voids. The wet air exchange rate / dry air exchange rate ratio is determined by dividing the wet air exchange rate by the dry air exchange rate for the same sample.

C. Albican Survival Test The Candida albican survival test is a measure of the effect of absorbent garments such as disposable diapers on the viability of pathogenic microorganisms, especially Candida albican. In general, the C. albican viability test involves inoculating the contoured area of the forearm of each palm of the test task with a known suspension of C. albican cells and applying a full-thickness patch from an absorbent garment. Including the step of covering the place with and seeking the survival after 24 hours.

A full thickness test sample patch having a length of about 5 cm and a width of about 5 cm is cut from the target zone of each product to be tested. The target zone is the portion of the product that is adapted to receive urinary excretion from water and includes a portion of the medial and anterior waist sections somewhat forward of the lateral centerline of the product. In a typical diaper construction, a full thickness test sample patch includes a topsheet, an absorbent body, a backsheet and an intermediate layer. About 15 mm of 0.9 weight percent saline is added to the test sample patch and allowed to soak for 2 minutes before the sample is placed on the forearm to be tested. A test area of approximately 6.15 square centimeters is marked on each of the palm forearms to be tested. Approximately 0.01 millimeters of 0.9 weight percent saline containing a known suspension of Candida albican cells was dispensed to the test side with a micropipette and the suspension was spread evenly over the test side. After air drying,
The test side is covered with a test sample patch and secured in place with an adhesive tape completely surrounding the sample.

After 24 hours, the test sample patch was removed and an aliquot of the culture broth was solvent-purified as described in the novel method for the study of skin bacteria in P. William and AM Kingdom of the 1965 Dermatological Research Journal. Obtained from the test site using the method, the present invention incorporates this reference by reference. Briefly, a sterile glass cylinder enclosing an area of 6.15 square centimeters is in the center of the test site and is held firmly against the skin. One milliliter of 1 weight percent Triton-X-100 in 0.075M phosphate buffer having a pH of 7.9 was applied to the clarified area for 1 minute using a glass cylinder and a sterile Teflon rod. Pipette in. Fluid is aspirated with a sterile pipette, 2 in 0.075M phosphate buffer with pH 7.9
Milliliter 0.1 weight percent Triton-X-100 is added to the glass cylinder. The cleaning step is repeated, collecting two cleaning agents. Each pooled sample is diluted with 0.05 weight percent Triton-X-100 in 0.0375M phosphate buffer having a pH of 7.9 in 10 folding steps. A 0.01 milliliter aliquot of each dilution is inoculated into antibiotic-containing Savoland bacterial culture medium. Two cultures are prepared and incubated for 48 hours at room temperature.

After culturing, multiple colony producing units are counted using standard microbial methods. C. albican viability in patches of test samples has a non-breathable outer cover, ie, a cover having a WVTR of less than 100 grams per square meter per 24 hours, as described in connection with Comparative Example 4 described below. Compared to C. albican viability in standard patches from conventional absorbent articles.

Skin Temperature Test Skin temperature values are determined using the following test procedure. The test is performed on the palm of the forearm of an adult with no skin abnormalities, with no lotion, powder or ointment applied to the skin. Subjects did not bathe before the test and for 2 hours after the test, were not in the crowd, did not smoke, did not exercise or caffeine. Each subject tests two items, such as diapers, during each test session. Test diaper, comparative example
It suffices to include the standard code and test code that can be identified in 6 above. The test diapers (test code and standard code) are randomized and are for general stage 3 size diapers, for example infants weighing 16 to 28 pounds.

Each test diaper is weighed before and after the test to confirm the liquid volume to be applied to the diaper. Pen is 1x1 in the target zone inside and outside the diaper
Used to mark the square of the square centered 6.0 inches laterally below the upper leading edge of the diaper. Temperature and humidity measurements are sold by Col Palmer, Vernon Hill, IL as Model # 91090-00, P-8506
This is done using a vinyl insulated 10 kt gold plated tissue sensor sold by Col Palmer of Vernon Hill, IL attached to a Tigisense temperature / humidity logger as -80. The thermal coupling probe is calibrated to a pre-calibrated probe (3700-52) formed on the data logger. Skin temperature measurements are taken once per minute in succession.

Upon receipt, each test subject undergoes a 15 minute acclimation period in a controlled environment at 40% relative humidity and 71 degrees F. One temperature sensor is mounted on each arm, approximately midway between the elbow and wrist. The leads of the sensor are placed in the knee direction and the sensor is fixed on the top of the sensor in a flat condition using a piece of tape, such as sterile strip suture tape (0.25 inch x 1.5 inch) available from 3M. A piece of tape is attached to hold the sensor leads in place. Baseline skin temperature is recorded for 5 minutes (5 minutes total test time) without attaching the diaper to the forearm.

A sample diaper is attached to each test subject's forearm such that a 1 inch by 1 inch target zone on the diaper is placed over the temperature sensor. Before fixing the diaper on the front of the test subject, a room temperature acclimated fluid dispenser nozzle is placed in each diaper on the temperature sensor so that the fluid flow strikes a pre-marked target zone. Turn to. The diapers do not overlap in the target zone and are secured in place by joining a masking tape that fastens the upper and lower portions of the diaper without contacting the skin of the wearer.
A size 3 elastic stockinette retainer, available from Greenwood, is placed over the entire diaper and forearm. Once the diaper is fixed, the dry diaper skin temperature is recorded for 5 minutes.

The diaper was loaded with saline at body temperature adjusted to 0.9 weight percent.
It is added to 0 ml of 3 times excretion at a rate of 15 mm / sec, with 45 sec between excretion. The fluid dispenser nozzle is removed from each diaper. Each fluid dispenser nozzle is removed from each diaper. The subject wears the diaper for 120 minutes, with skin temperature readings recorded every minute. The diaper is then removed and weighed.

The value recorded for skin temperature is the mathematical average for all samples at each particular time during the test period for each sample. Wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio, the skin test value (total test time of 130 minutes) of the wet sample after 120 minutes of wear
It is calculated by dividing by the skin temperature value after wearing for 5 minutes.

Z-Direction Lotion Transfer Test This test determines the amount of lotion remaining on the target side of the body side of the absorbent article after a given length of time at a given temperature. In particular, the purpose of the test is to accumulate at low temperatures.
Comparing the amount of lotion present in the target zone of the treated article to the amount of lotion present in the article that accumulates at high temperature. The test simulates the buildup of elevated temperature conditions experienced by such articles. For example, such items may be stored in the trunk of a vehicle or in a warm climate warehouse such as the warehouse in July or August in Arizona. Z-direction movement loss is a measure of post-accumulation lotion movement at 130 degrees F when compared to lotion movement at 73 degrees F after a fixed amount of time. Therefore, this test is based on the amount of lotion available on the body side of the article for transfer to the skin when the article is used, and how or from the body side of the article during or in brief use. Predict if you will move in an undesired state.

In detail, the test is carried out as follows. 1. Ten products are obtained with the lotion formulation applied to the topsheet or bodyside liner. 2.5 products have a temperature of 73 degrees F and a relative humidity of 50% for a certain period such as 28 days.
Be placed in a controlled environment at. Another five products are placed at a temperature of 130 degrees F and ambient humidity for the same period. 3. The products are removed from the controlled environment and a sample of topsheet having a width of 3.75 inches and a length of 13 inches is removed from the center of each product. 4. The sample is then subjected to Sox Herrett extraction on a gravimetric analyzer (SEGA) as follows. A SEGA test apparatus as illustrated in Figure 8 is used. The test apparatus 160 includes a reboiler 162, a chloroform vapor duct 164, a cold water condenser 166, a hold tank 168 in which a sample is placed, and a chloroform recycle duct 170. The components of the test equipment are conventional glassware known in the art. For example, a reboiler may contain a 250 ml round bottom flask and a steam duct may contain 85 ml soxlets. The sample is placed in the holding tank 168 and subjected to a 2.5 hour chloroform wash cycle. 125
A milliliter of liquid chloroform is placed in the reboiler. Chloroform evaporates and rises through steam duct 164 into condenser 166 with tap water,
Chloroform is liquefied and drops into the hold tank 168 together with the sample. Chloroform separates the lotion from the linear sample. When liquid chloroform reaches high levels, a recycle duct returns the chloroform / lotion mixture to the reboiler. The temperature inside the reboiler is controlled so that it is above the boiling point of chloroform and below the boiling point of the lotion, and only chloroform evaporates to start this process.

[0174] One complete wash cycle takes about 15 minutes and about 75 milliliters of chloroform circulate the linear sample without each cycle. Once finished, the chloroform in the evaporator was used for 4 minutes using a conventional vacuum evaporator, such as the ROTOVAP available under model number Buchi 011RE121, then put the lotion in an aluminum pan and heat on a hot plate. And forced air is circulated for another 30 minutes to evaporate. 5. The weight of the residual (lotion) remaining in each sample is measured. The amount of lotion recovered from the product stored at 73 ° F is compared with the amount of lotion recovered from the product stored at 130 ° F to determine the stability of the lotion formulation at elevated temperature.

[0175] The movement loss in the Z direction of the absorbent article is obtained as follows. z-direction movement loss (%) = [(L73−L130) / L73] × 100 where L73 is the average weight of the lotion recovered per sample accumulated at 73 ° F, and L130 is at 130 ° F. It is the average weight of lotion recovered per accumulated sample.

Lotion migration test in the CD direction This test determines the amount of lotion remaining on a particular lotion applied to the body side of an absorbent article after a given period at a given temperature. In detail, the purpose of the test is to compare the amount of lotion present in the lotion applied on the topsheet or bodyside liner with the amount of lotion present in the residual portion of the topsheet of the article after being accumulated at elevated temperature. is there. This test simulates the build-up of elevated temperatures that can occur in such articles. For example, such items may be stored in the trunk of a vehicle or in a warm climate warehouse such as the warehouse in July or August in Arizona. Movement loss in the CD direction is a measure of lateral lotion movement along the body side of an article after storage at 130 degrees F after a fixed amount of time. Therefore, this test is based on the amount of lotion available on the body side of the article for transfer to the skin when the article is used, and how or from the body side of the article during or in brief use. Predict if you will move in an undesired state.

In detail, the test is carried out as follows. 1. Five products are obtained with the lotion formulation applied to the topsheet in a specific pattern. 2. The product is placed at a temperature of 130 degrees F and ambient humidity for a period of time, such as 28 days. 3. The products are removed from the controlled environment, the topsheet of each product is removed,
The lotion is cut to remove a portion of the topsheet that is actually applied. For example, if the lotion has 4 consecutive lines with a width of 0.25 inch, the spacing is 0.
When applied 75 inches open, 4 strips of topsheet are removed. 4. The samples containing a portion of the lotion-coated topsheet are then grouped together and subjected to Sox Herret extraction with the gravimetric analyzer (SEGA) described above. The rest of the topsheet is also grouped into another SE
Receive GA extraction. 5. The weight of the remaining lotion in each group is measured. The amount of lotion recovered from a portion of the lotion-coated topsheet is compared to the lotion portion recovered from the rest of the topsheet to determine the stability of the lotion formulation at elevated temperatures.

The movement loss in the CD direction of the absorbent article is obtained as follows. CD direction movement loss (%) = [Lsp / (La + Lsp)] × 100 where Lsp is the average weight of the lotion recovered from a part of the top sheet where lotion was not applied around the diaper, and La is , Lotion is the average weight of lotion recovered from the topsheet applied per diaper.

The following examples are provided so that the invention might be more fully understood. The specific materials and parameters are exemplary and do not limit the scope of the invention in detail. Examples Example 1 described with respect to Comparative Example 2 below HUGGIES Supreme Step
A disposable diaper of the same general construction as the 3 diaper was handmade and tested. This diaper was substantially the same as the Supreme diaper, but the diaper backsheet, absorbent core, surge layer, and elastic leg bands were replaced or modified,
A ventilation layer was added between the backsheet and the absorbent core.

In the tested diapers, the backsheet comprises a microporous film / nonwoven laminate material in which a spunbond nonwoven material is laminated to a microporous film. The spunbond nonwoven material consists of about 1.8 denier filaments extruded from an ethylene copolymer having about 3.5% by weight propylene and has a basis weight of about 20 g / m ² .
The film consists of a cast extruded film with calcium carbide particles and has a basis weight of about 58 g / m ² before stretching. The film was preheated, stretched, annealed to form pores and then laminated to spunbond nonwoven material. The resulting microporous film / nonwoven laminate base material has a basis weight of 45 g / m ^2.
, And the water vapor transmission rate was about 4000g / m ^2/24 hours. An example of such a film / nonwoven laminate material is "LOW GAU" by McCormack et al.
GE FILMS AND FILM / NONWOVEN LAMINATES
No. 08 / 882,712 filed June 25, 1997, entitled "
The contents are described in the issue and the contents are referred to here.

The absorbent core of the diaper tested is a two-layer absorption band having the general configuration set forth in Figures 5 and 6, but without holes or apertures through either layer of the absorption band. The absorbent core includes an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer extending from the leading edge of the absorbent core to a point of about two thirds of the total length of the absorbent core. The absorbent core comprises about 10 to 11 grams of wood pulp fiber and about 10 to 11 grams of superabsorbent material, thus about 50% by weight wood pulp fiber and about 50% by weight superabsorbent material. Including.
The lower layer has a basis weight of about 230 g / m ² , the upper layer has a basis weight of about 560 g / m ² , and the total basis weight is 790 g / m ² at the front portion of the core and the rear portion of the core. 230g
/ M ² . Further, the width of the crotch portion of the absorbent core is about 6.35 cm.

A surge layer was placed between the absorbent core and the topsheet, which was the same material as the HUGGIES diaper described with respect to Comparative Example 2 and modified to be coextensive with the absorbent core. The diaper also included a ventilation layer between the absorbent core of the diaper and the backsheet. The ventilation layer was made of the same material as the surge layer and was coextensive with the absorbent core. The diaper also included elastic leg band assemblies along about two-thirds the length of each longitudinal edge of the diaper. The assembly was laminated to a breathable nonwoven fabric layer with six strands of elastomeric material. The elastic strands are L aligned along the length of the diaper.
YCRA elastomer, which gives elasticity to the leg band of the diaper and makes it gather.

The tracer gas test described above was performed on four test pieces of the diaper. The results are shown in Table 1 below. Example 2 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Example 1 was handmade and tested. The diaper was substantially the same as the diaper of Example 1, but modified to have multiple holes through the absorbent body in the region of the upper layer overlying the lower layer shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The diameter of the holes was 1.27 cm, and about 12% of the total surface area of the absorbent body had an open area. The above-mentioned tracer gas test was performed on four test pieces of the diaper. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 3 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Example 2 was handmade and tested. The diaper was essentially the same as the diaper of Example 2, but with the ventilation layer between the absorbent body and the backsheet removed. The above-mentioned tracer gas test was performed on four test pieces of the diaper. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 4 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Example 2 was handcrafted and tested. The diaper was substantially the same as the diaper of Example 2, but the pore diameter of the absorbent body was 2
． At 54 cm, there was an open area of about 12% of the total surface area of the absorber. The above-mentioned tracer gas test was performed on four test pieces of the diaper. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 5 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Example 2 was handcrafted and tested. The diaper was substantially the same as the diaper of Example 2, except that the multi-layered absorbent body was replaced by a non-multilayered absorbent body which contained about 62% by weight wood pulp fibers and about 38% by weight superabsorbent. Includes body, basis weight is about 750-850g in front of core
/ M ^2, a 375～425G / m ² at rear portion of the core. The above-mentioned tracer gas test was performed on four test pieces of the diaper. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 6 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Example 2 was handcrafted and tested. The diaper was substantially the same as the diaper of Example 2, but the two-layer absorbent core was replaced by a laminate, which was obtained from Stockhausen under the tradename FAVOR SXM880 at about 80% by weight superabsorbent material. Are wrapped with a tissue layer having a basis weight of about 26 g / m ² . The absorber also had through holes with a diameter of 1.27 cm, creating an open area of about 12% of the total surface area of the absorber. The above-mentioned tracer gas test was performed on four test pieces of the diaper. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0188]Example 7   Handmade and tested a diaper having the same general composition as the diaper described in Example 2.
did. The diaper was essentially the same as the diaper of Example 2, but the absorber was laminated.
Replaced, this laminate is available from Stockhausen under the tradename FAVO
Approximately 80% by weight of the superabsorbent material obtained with R SXM880 is used in a basis weight of approximately 26 g / m 2. ² It's wrapped in a tissue layer. The laminate has 4 layers as illustrated in FIGS.
Is provided in a segment of, therefore, open about 40% of the total surface area of the absorber
The area was created. For the four test pieces of the diaper, perform the tracer gas test described above.
went. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 8 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Example 2 was handcrafted and tested. Diaper was the same as the substantially Example 2 diapers, the backsheet was modified to water vapor transmission rate of about 1870g / m ^2/24 hours. The above-mentioned tracer gas test was performed on four test pieces of the diaper. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Comparative Example 1 A disposable diaper of the same general construction as the Supreme Step 3 diaper described for Comparative Example 2 was handmade and tested. This diaper was substantially the same as the diaper of Example 2, but the backsheet was replaced with a polyethylene film material having a moisture vapor transmission rate of about 100 g / m ² / hour and a thickness of 1 mil. The above-mentioned tracer gas test was performed on four test pieces of the diaper. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Comparative Example 2 From Kimberly Clark under the trade name HUGGIES Supreme Step
The disposable diaper available in 3 was tested. In essence, the Supreme diaper surrounds an absorbent core of a mixture of wood pulp fibers and absorbent material with two pieces of wrap sheet having a basis weight of 16-21 g / m ² . The absorbent core comprises about 12.5-13.5 grams of vented wood pulp fiber and about 7.0-8.5 grams of superabsorbent material. Superabsorbent material is S
It is obtained from stockhausen under the trade name FAVOR SXM880. The superabsorbent material was mixed homogeneously with the wood fibers to form a single layer with a density of 0.25 to 0.35 g / cm ³ . A uniform mixture of superabsorbent material and wood pulp fibers is zoned in the machine direction, the basis weight of the front part of the absorbent core is about 600-700 g / m ² ,
The basis weight of the rear part of the absorbent core was set to about 300 to 350 g / m ² .

The Supreme diaper further comprises a composite backsheet comprising a water vapor permeable barrier layer of spunbond / meltblown / spunbond laminate material (hereinafter “SMS”). The basis weight of the SMS material is about 27 g / m ² . The water vapor permeable barrier layer comprises a polyolefin film having a thickness of about 0.7 mil and a basis weight of about 19.5 g / m ² . The polyolefin film material is Exxon Chemical
It is obtained under the trade name EXXAIRE from al Patent Incorporated. A vapor permeable barrier layer was adhered to the SMS laminate and placed between the absorbent laminate and the back laminate ^ SMS laminate material. Water vapor permeability of the backsheet was about 1500g / m ^2/24 hours. The absorbent core was sandwiched between a backsheet and a topsheet made of spunbond polyethylene having a basis weight of about 17 g / m ² . A surge management layer made of Bond Card Web was placed between the topsheet and the absorbent core. The surge layer contained bicomponent fibers and had an overall basis weight of about 83 g / m ² . The surge layer comprises about 60 wt% polyethylene / polyester (PE / PET), about 6 denier sheath and core bicomponent fibers, and about 40 wt% single component polyester fiber (about 6 denier and fiber length about 6 denier). Three
． 8 to 5.08 cm). Furthermore, the width of the surge layer is about 1
The length was 0.2 cm and the length was about 16.5 cm. The leading edge of the surge layer was located 5.1 cm from the leading edge of the absorbent core.

The Supreme diaper comprises a single component elastic waistband and a waist flap assembly at each longitudinal end of the diaper. The assembly includes a plurality of strands of elastomeric material sandwiched and laminated between a polymeric film layer and a nonwoven fabric layer. The polymer film is a 0.00075 inch thick film composed of a mixture of linear low density polyethylene and ultra low density polyethylene. The nonwoven fabric layer was a 20 g / m ² web of polypropylene spunbond. The elastic strands consist of about 8 to 16 LYCRA elastomeric strands arranged in the transverse direction of the diaper, providing elasticity to the waist band and inner waist flap of the diaper to gather. The Supreme diaper comprises a longitudinal containment flap that extends the entire length of the diaper and provides elasticity to the leg bands along each longitudinal edge of the diaper. The elastic strands of the legbands and containment flaps are made of LYCRA elastomer along the length of the diaper, giving elasticity to the legbands and containment flaps of the diaper, bringing gathers together.

The above-mentioned tracer gas test was performed on four test pieces of the diaper. The results are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 Average dry air Average wet air Wet / dry Circulation rate Circulation rate Ratio (cm ³ / min) (cm ³ / min) Example 1 822 224 0.27 Example 2 794 310 0.39 Example 3 679 220 0.32 Example 4 1050 360 0.34 Example 5 758 190 0.25 Example 6 724 240 0.33 Example 7 677 153 0.23 Example 8 495 316 0.63 Comparative Example 1 51 110 2.16 Comparative Example 2 513 171 0.33

Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2 show that the diapers according to the present invention have improved levels of air exchange in both dry and wet conditions compared to conventional diapers.

Example 9 Four samples of diapers having the same general composition as the diaper described for Example 2 were handmade and subjected to the skin hydration test described above. The diaper was substantially the same as the diaper of Example 2, but the size of the diaper was close to that of a commercially available Step 4 size diaper and the absorbent body was a single layer of the same overall thickness. , The diameter of the hole is 2.54
It was cm. The average skin hydration value of the diaper was 8.1 g / m ² / hour.
The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Example 10 Four samples of diapers having the same general composition as the diaper described for Example 6 were handmade and tested for skin hydration as described above. The diaper was substantially the same as the diaper of Example 6, but the size of the diaper was close to that of a commercially available Step 4 size diaper, and the absorbent body had a basis weight of about 560 g / m ^2. And the hole diameter is 2.5
It was 4 cm. The average skin hydration value of the diaper was 2.8 g / m ² / hour. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Example 11 Four samples of diapers having the same general composition as the diaper described for Example 7 were handmade and tested for skin hydration as described above. The diaper was substantially the same as the diaper of Example 7, but the size of the diaper was close to that of the commercially available Step 4 size diaper. The average skin hydration value of the diaper was 1.6 g / m ² / hour. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Comparative Example 3 A disposable diaper of the same general construction as the diaper obtained under the trade name HUGGIES Supreme Step 4 from Kimberly Clark was tested. In short, the Step 4 size Supreme diaper is the Ste
It was substantially the same as the p3 size Supreme diaper, but the material size is large. Four samples of diapers were skin hydrated. The average skin hydration value of a diaper is
It was 19.3 g / m ² / hour. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2 Skin Hydration Value (g / m ² / hr) Example 9 8.1 Example 10 2.8 Example 11 1.6 Comparative Example 3 19.3

In Examples 9 to 11 and Comparative Example 3, the diaper according to the present invention was compared with a conventional diaper,
It shows that the skin hydration value is significantly improved. In particular, the diaper according to the invention is
The skin hydration value is reduced from 58 to 92%. Although it was predicted that the skin hydration value would decrease to some extent from the increase in the amount of air exchanged in the diaper, it could not be predicted that it would decrease significantly.

Example 12 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Comparative Example 2 was handmade and tested. Diaper was the same as the substantially Comparative Example 2 diapers, the backsheet was modified to water vapor transmission rate of about 3000 g / m ^2/24 hours. The Candita albican survival test described above was performed on the diaper. Example 12 and Comparative Example 4 (
Controls) were tested on the forearm of each of the seven test subjects. 0.9% by weight saline containing about 5.71 suspensions in log of Candita albican colony forming units about 0.
01 ml was pipetted to the test site and the suspension was spread evenly over the test site. The average Candida albican viability of the sample of this example was 1.96 in logs of Candita albican colony forming units. Thus, the diaper according to this example has a 26% reduction in Candida albican survival value compared to the average Candita albican survival value of the control (Comparative Example 4).

Example 13 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Comparative Example 2 was made.
Diaper was the same as the substantially Comparative Example 2 diapers, moisture vapor permeability of the backsheet was about 5000 g / m ^2/24 hours. The Candita albican survival test described above was performed on the diaper. Example 13 and Comparative Example 4 (control) were tested on each forearm of each of the seven test subjects. Approximately 0.01 ml of 0.9 wt% saline containing a suspension of 5.71 in logs of Candita albican colony forming units was micropipetted to the test site and the suspension was spread evenly over the test site. The average Candida albican viability of the diaper of this example sample was predicted to be less than 1.75 and even less than 1.50 for the log of Candita albican colony forming units. Therefore, compared to the average Candida albican survival value of the control (Comparative Example 4), the diaper according to this example was predicted to have a 34% reduction in Candita albican survival value and a further 43% reduction.

Comparative Example 4 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Comparative Example 2 was handmade and tested. The diaper is was the same as the substantially Comparative Example 2 diapers, the backsheet has been replaced by polyethylene film of about 100 g / m ^2/24 hours of less than 1.0 mils thick water vapor permeability. The Candita albican survival test described above was performed on the diaper. Example 12 and Comparative Example 4 (control) were tested on the forearm of each of the seven test subjects. 4. Candida albican colony forming unit log
Approximately 0.01 ml of 0.9 wt% saline containing 71 suspensions was micropipetteted to the test site and the suspension was spread evenly over the test site. The average Candida albican viability of the sample of this example was 2.65 in logs of Candita albican colony forming units.

Example 14 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Example 13 was machined and tested. Especially, the back sheet of the diaper has a water vapor transmission rate of about 5000 g / m ² /
It was 24 hours. The Candita albican survival test described above was performed on the diaper. Example 14 and Comparative Example 5 (control) were tested on the forearm for each of the 12 test subjects. About 0.01 ml of 0.9% by weight saline containing a suspension of 4.92 in logs of Candita albican colony forming units was micropipetted to the test site and the suspension was evenly spread to the test site. The average Candida albican viability of the diaper of the sample of this example was 1.2 for the log of Candita albican colony forming units.
It was 6.

Comparative Example 5 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Comparative Example 4 was machined and tested. Especially, the back sheet of the diaper has a water vapor transmission rate of about 100 g / m ² /
It was a 1.0 mil thick polyethylene film less than 24 hours. For the diapers, the Candita albican survival test described above was performed on each of the 12 tested forearms. About 0.01 ml of 0.9% by weight saline containing a suspension of 4.92 in logs of Candita albican colony forming units was micropipetted to the test site and the suspension was evenly spread to the test site. The average Candida albican viability of the sample of this example was 3.26 in logs of Candita albican colony forming units.

Example 15 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Example 2 was made and tested. In particular, the backsheet of the diaper is water vapor transmission rate was about 5000g / m ^2/24 hours. A skin temperature test was performed on the diaper. The sample was tested on one forearm of each of the 11 test subjects. The test results are shown in Table 7. The sample diaper according to this example had a wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio of 0.970.

Comparative Example 6 A diaper having the same general construction as the diaper described for Example 2 was made and tested. The diaper is was the same as the substantially Comparative Example 2 diapers, the backsheet has been replaced by polyethylene film of about 100 g / m ^2/24 hours of less than 1.0 mils thick water vapor permeability. A skin temperature test was performed on the diaper. The sample was tested on one forearm of each of the 11 test subjects. The test results are shown in Table 7. The sample diaper according to this example had a wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio of 1.014.

From the test results of Example 15 shown in FIG. 7, it can be seen that the diaper according to the present invention retains a more constant reduced skin temperature in the wet state compared to the conventional diaper and from the results of Comparative Example 6. I understand that you can do it. Increases the breathability of the diaper in the wet state,
It can be hypothesized that by reducing skin occlusion, a more constant and reduced skin temperature can be achieved. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the diaper according to the present invention is capable of maintaining a skin temperature which is substantially the same as the temperature below the wearer's diaper in a wet state.

Example 16 A lotion formulation of the following composition was prepared. Ingredient wt% Petrolatum 55.00 Ozokerite MP 145 / 155F 24.80 Paraffin MP 130 / 135F 4.50 Microcrystalline wax W-835 4.50 Cetyl ester (synthetic whale wax wax) 4.50 Elvax 410 6.70

The lotion formulation was prepared by heating petrolatum to 75 ° C., adding the remaining ingredients and maintaining at 75 ° C., and mixing until the ingredients were molten and uniform. The lotion formulation had an overall melting point of about 45 ° C and a melting point viscosity at 60 ° C of 149 centipoise. The melting point viscosity at 45 ° C was outside the measurement limit.

HUGGIES Suprem, commercially available from Kimberly Clark
e A lot of the lotion formulation was applied to one diaper topsheet, which was approximately the same as the diaper. The lotion was applied to the topsheet as a series of four lines down the center of the diaper. The width of each line of the lotion was 0.25 inch and the spacing between each line was 0.75 inch.

The diaper was tested for lotion movement in the Z direction, where 5 diapers were 73 °.
Stored at F for 28 days and 5 diapers at 130 ° F for 28 days. The movement loss of the diaper in the Z direction was 44.3%. The diaper was also subjected to a lateral machine lotion transfer test, where 5 diapers were stored at 73 ° F for 28 days.
Two diapers were stored at 130 ° F for 28 days. The lateral machine movement loss of the diaper was 16.7%.

Comparative Example 7 PAMPERS Prem commercially available from Procter & Gamble Company
A sample of ium diaper was obtained. The diaper comprises a lotion formulation of the following composition on the topsheet. Ingredient weight% Petrolatum 58.50 Stearyl alcohol 41.50 Aloe Trace amount

The lotion formulation had an overall melting point of about 52 ° C., a melting point viscosity at 50 ° C. of 10 centipoise, and a melting point viscosity at 60 ° C. of 5 centipoise. The diaper was subjected to a lotion movement test in the Z direction, where 5 diapers were 73 °.
Stored at F for 28 days and 5 diapers at 130 ° F for 28 days. The Z-direction movement loss of the diaper was 62%.

Comparative Example 8 PAMPERS Rash commercially available from Procter & Gamble Company
A sample of Guard diapers was obtained. The diaper comprises a lotion formulation of the following composition on the topsheet. Ingredient wt% Petrolatum 58.50 Stearyl alcohol 41.50

The lotion formulation had an overall melting point of about 52 ° C., a melting point viscosity at 50 ° C. of 10 centipoise, and a melting point viscosity at 60 ° C. of 5 centipoise. The diaper was tested for lotion movement in the Z direction, where 5 diapers were 73 °.
Stored at F for 28 days and 5 diapers at 130 ° F for 28 days. The Z-direction movement loss of the diaper was 66%.

Comparative Example 9 A lotion formulation having the following composition was prepared. Ingredient weight% Petrolatum 80.00 Stearyl alcohol 20.00

The lotion formulation was prepared by heating petrolatum to 75 ° C., adding stearyl alcohol and maintaining at 75 ° C., and mixing until the ingredients were molten and uniform. The lotion formulation had an overall melting point of about 52 ° C and a melting point viscosity at 60 ° C of 5 centipoise.

HUGGIES Suprem, commercially available from Kimberly Clark
e A lot of the lotion formulation was applied to one diaper topsheet, which was approximately the same as the diaper. The lotion was applied to the topsheet as a series of four lines down the center of the diaper. The width of each line of the lotion was 0.25 inch and the spacing between each line was 0.75 inch.

The diaper was tested for lotion movement in the Z direction, where the five diapers were 73 °.
Stored at F for 28 days and 5 diapers at 130 ° F for 28 days. The movement loss of the diaper in the Z direction was 91.7%. The diaper was also subjected to a lateral machine lotion transfer test, where 5 diapers were stored at 73 ° F for 28 days.
Two diapers were stored at 130 ° F for 28 days. The machine lateral movement loss of the diaper was 48.9%.

Comparative Example 10 A lotion formulation having the following composition was prepared. Ingredient weight% Petrolatum 52.00 Polyphenylmethylsiloxane 20.00 Paraffin wax 15.00 Stearyl alcohol 10.00 PEG 2000 3.00

The lotion formulation is based on Roe et al., US Pat. No. 5,643,5 issued 1997.
This is almost the same as that described in No. 88. The lotion formulation was prepared by heating petrolatum to 75 ° C., adding the remaining ingredients and maintaining at 75 ° C., and mixing until the ingredients were molten and uniform. Lotion has a melting point of about 54 ℃
The melting point viscosity at 60 ° C. was 5 centipoise.

HUGGIES Suprem commercially available from Kimberly Clark
e A lot of the lotion formulation was applied to one diaper topsheet, which was approximately the same as the diaper. The lotion was applied to the topsheet as a series of four lines down the center of the diaper. The width of each line of the lotion was 0.25 inch and the spacing between each line was 0.75 inch.

The diaper was subjected to a lotion movement test in the Z direction, where the five diapers were 73 °.
Stored at F for 28 days and 5 diapers at 130 ° F for 28 days. The movement loss of the diaper in the Z direction was 69.6%. The diaper was also subjected to a lateral machine lotion transfer test, where 5 diapers were stored at 73 ° F for 28 days.
Two diapers were stored at 130 ° F for 28 days. The machine lateral movement loss of the diaper was 50.0%.

As illustrated herein, the formulation of the lotion of the absorbent article of another aspect of the invention (Example 16), at elevated temperatures, was higher than that of the conventional lotion as shown in Comparative Examples 7-10. , Much less moving. In particular, the article of Example 16 has about 50% less movement in the Z direction and 60% or more less movement in the cross machine direction than the diapers of Comparative Examples 7-10. At such elevated temperatures, the reduced level of migration leaves more lotion on the bodyside surface of the article, with a greater proportion of the lotion transferred to the wearer's skin, increasing skin health, Reduce friction.

Examples 17-19 The efficacy of treatment compounds of the invention in preventing hydrolysis of model protein substances by urine and fecal excretion was determined. In addition, the ability of treatment compounds to reduce the fecal extract inflammatory response in EpiDerm was measured.

Example 17 Aqueous zinc salts have been shown to prevent chemical reactions that cause diaper rash. Fecal proteolytic activity was measured using fluorescently labeled casein. Emulsion protection of zinc salt heptahydrate in water was prepared in the range of 0 to 1 mM.

A fecal extract sample was obtained from an infant with an antibiotic (Sulfatrim) that had diaper rash. To prepare the extract, feces were hung in water and spiraled in cooperation. After vortexing, the sample was kept on ice for 20 minutes before centrifuging gravity 15,000 times. The suspension was filtered through a 0.22 micron cellulose acetate filter and stored at -80 ° C until use. Trypsin (molecular weight = 23,500 daltons), which causes diaper rash, 5,850 picomoles of protease
Measured in fecal extract at a concentration of / ml. Pancreatic elastase (MW = 25,000 Daltons), a putative cause, was measured in fecal extracts at a concentration of 83.6 pmol / ml. Fecal extract (7.1 mg / ml in water) is 2 μg / m
It was diluted with water to l.

A zinc sulfate heptahydrate (Aldrich chemical) emulsion (20 μL) having a molecular weight of 287.5 is
It was added to the wall of 96 white plate (Dynex) containing 100 μL of fecal extract and allowed to incubate for 15 minutes at room temperature. The reaction is a casein substance (EnzChek Protease Assay Kit (E6639, E6639, labeled with fluorescent paint at 20 mM Triis-HCI, pH 8.0.
Starting with the addition of 80 μL of a 12.5 μg / ml solution of the molecular probe, Eugene, Or). The reaction of the fecal extraction with the casein substance causes the fluorescent paint to peel off the substance. Fl with relative fluorescence units (RFUs) having excitation and emission filters of 485 and 538 mm, respectively
Collected using the uoroskan Ascent system. Data was collected every minute for 15 minutes and the rate (RFU / min) was calculated. The percentage of residual fecal protein activity was determined for each concentration of zinc inhibitor (suppressed / unsuppressed * 100) using the unsuppressed wall as 100% protease activity.

The data show that zinc efficiently inhibited casein hydrolyzate by fecal extraction in a dose-dependent manner. A data plot of the fecal extract sample is illustrated in FIG. 9 and is a graph showing how the proteolytic activity of the fecal extract decreases as the zinc sulfate heptahydrate concentration increases. The data demonstrate that aqueous zinc emulsions have the ability to neutralize fecal proteins associated with irritating the skin in a diaper environment. Example 18 Aqueous zinc salts have been shown to inhibit chemical reactions that cause diaper rash. Infant urinary proteolytic activity was measured using fluorescently labeled casein. An inhibitor emulsion of zinc sulfate heptahydrate in water was prepared in the range of 0 to 50 mM.

12.5 μg of casein substance (EnzChek Protease Assay Kit (E6639, molecular probe, Eugene, Or) labeled with fluorescent paint in urine (100 μL), 100 mM Triis-HCI, pH 8.0 of two infants It was added to the wall of a 96 white plate (Dynex) containing 80 μL of the / ml solution and could be incubated for 60 minutes at 37 ° C. The reaction of infant urine with casein substance caused the fluorescent paint to peel off the substance. Collected using a Fluoroskan Ascent system with excitation and emission filters of 538 mm and 538 mm, data collected every minute for 60 minutes, rate of 30 to 50 minutes (RFU / min)
Was calculated for each zinc concentration. The percentage of residual urinary protein activity was determined for each concentration of zinc inhibitor (percentage inhibited / non-inhibited percentage * 100) using an uninhibited wall as 100% protease activity.

The data represent that zinc efficiently inhibited casein hydrolysates by infant urine in a dose-dependent manner. A plot of the data is illustrated in Figure 9 and is a graph showing how proteolytic activity in infant urine decreases as zinc sulfate heptahydrate concentration increases. These data demonstrate that aqueous zinc emulsions have the ability to neutralize infant urinary proteins associated with skin irritation in diaper environments.

Example 19 It is shown that zinc sulfate heptahydrate inhibits the reaction of fecal extraction on synthetic skin. Synthetic skin, DpiDerm201 (Mattec Corporation), contains keratinocytes that release interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) when they undergo proteases in fecal extraction. When IL-1 is released, it diffuses and enters the fluid beneath the EpiDerm from the skin. A sample of this fluid is taken and the IL
-1 is analyzed for the presence of alpha. High levels of IL-1 alpha represented greater skin irritation.

Fecal extract (10.4 μL) was pre-incubated with 250 mM zinc sulfate heptahydrate in water (2.6 μL) for 30 minutes at room temperature prior to EpiDerm application. A sample of water and fecal extract alone was used as a standard. After application of the sample to EpiDerm, an aliquot was added directly to a filtered and sterilized 20 mM Tris-HC1, 225 μL pH 8.0 and a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube containing 1% BSA buffer at −80 ° C. Saved in. After all samples were collected, the 1L-1alpha level was interleukin-1alpha Quantiki
It was quantified using the ne kit (R & D Systems).

A plot of the data is illustrated in FIG. 11, showing that addition of zinc sulphate heptahydrate (FE + Zinc) was intrinsic to the addition of the substance treated with the uncontrolled fecal extract (FE + Water). The amount of interleukin-1 alpha released by the activating medium was reduced. Similar reductions were also seen at 8, 12 and 24 hours. The asterisk on the error bar shown in Figure 11 represents the student t-test 95% confidence interval.

Zinc sulphate heptahydrate in 2.6 μL aliquots added to 10.4 μL samples of stool extract was also re-run with the same experiment for different concentrations (0.25, 50.125 and 250 mM) It was shown that the protein activity of the extract was efficiently suppressed. A plot of this data is illustrated in Figure 12, showing that fecal protein activity decreases as zinc sulfate heptahydrate concentration decreases.

Example 20 A skin treatment compound of the present invention was formed by creating an emulsion (microemulsion) consisting of a skin health benefit agent and water as a carrier liquid. An aliquot emulsion consisting of zinc salt as a skin health benefit agent, AHCOVEL as an interfacial treatment system, and CROSILK as a silk protein were prepared. The stable emulsion was diluted to about 5% by weight emulsion and added to the surface of a polyolefin nonwoven topsheet fabric by a saturation and agitation process as follows.

Untreated polypropylene spunbond material (basis weight approximately 0.5 ounces per square yard) was used as the substrate for the treated compounds. The compound was added to the substrate by a low solids batch process. An 8 inch x 12 inch (20.32 x 30.48 cm) example substrate was first dipped into an aqueous treatment bath of the known compound illustrated in Table 33.

Table 3 Treatment bath concentration

A saturated example was nipped between two rubber rolls in a laboratory ringer, type LW-1, No. LW-83A (Atlas Electric Device), dried in an oven at 60 ° C. for about 20 minutes and finally A constant weight was obtained. The nip pressure was adjusted to achieve 100% wet pickup (% WPU). % WPU was calculated from the following formula. % WPU = [(Ww−Wd) / Wd] × 100 where Ww = wet weight of the nipped fabric and Wd = dry weight of the treated fabric.

By knowing the bath concentration and% WPU, the% impregnation can be obtained from the equation below. % Impregnation = (% Bath Concentration) × (% WPU) ÷ 100 In this example, when% WPU is 100, the% impregnation amount becomes equal to the% bath concentration. However, other combinations of% WPU and% bath concentration can be used to achieve the same result.

The treated spunbond material was tested for its ability to prevent the reaction of fecal extract with synthetic skin. Obtained from an infant whose fecal extract had diaper rash and antibiotics (Sulfatrim). To prepare the extract, feces were suspended in water and swirled vigorously. After vortexing, the sample was subjected to 15 gravity for 20 minutes.
It was kept on ice before centrifuging 000 times. The suspension was filtered through a 0.22 micron cellulose acetate filter and stored at -70 ° C until use. Trypsin (molecular weight = 23,500 daltons), a protease responsible for diaper rash, and protease were measured in fecal extracts at a concentration of 5,850 pmol / ml. Pancreatic elastase (MW = 25,000 Daltons), a putative cause, was measured in fecal extracts at a concentration of 83.6 pmol / ml.

Synthetic skin, EpiDerm201 (Mattec Corporation), contains keratinocytes that release interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) when subjected to proteases such as trypsin and pancreatic elastase in fecal extraction. I
When L-1 alpha is released, it diffuses and enters the fluid beneath the EpiDerm from the skin. A sample of this fluid is taken and analyzed for the presence of IL-1alpha. High levels of IL-1 alpha represented greater skin irritation.

To perform the experiment, 10 μL of water was added to the surface of synthetic skin. The treated spunbond material was cut into discs of about 0.9 cm and placed on top of the EpiDerm water. After about 2 hours of incubation at 37 ℃, the disc was removed and EpiDerm was 15μ.
It was excreted with L discharge fluid. A second treated spunbond disk was placed on top of the exhaust fluid to simulate a diaper environment. After 11 hours at 37 ° C, EpiDermwo
Aliquots were removed from the soaking fluid and 1L-1 alpha levels were quantified using the Interleukin-1 alpha Quantikine kit (R & D Systems).

Four treatments were made using the two examples from Table 1 and two effluent fluids (feces evacuation and water) are illustrated in Table 4. Table 4: EpiDerm processing

The results of the tests of Table 4 are shown in Table 5. Application of material treated with Crosilk and Zinc (codes C and D) to EpiDerm was released to the underlying medium for application of material processed with Ahcovel (codes A and B) Interleukin-1alpha. Reduced the amount of. Table 5: IL-1 alpha released (picogram / ml)

Example 21 Water Soluble Silk Protein (SERICIN, Pentafarm AG) and Hydrolyzed Silk (CROSiLK10,000, Clodyne Corporation) Inhibit Proteolytic Activity in Fecal Extracts That Caused Diaper Rash It was shown separately.
Dilutions of pure protein and hydrolysis were performed with 100 mM Tris-HCI pH 8.0 as diluent. Silk protein concentration was determined using the Marco BCA Protein Assay Regent Kit (Pierce).

Fecal extracts were prepared as described above for silk protein and zinc compounds. SERICIN and CROSILK (20 μL) are labeled with fluorescent paint for casein substances (EnzChek Protease Assay Kit (E6639, molecular probe, Eugene, Or) 1
Added to the wall of 96 white plates (Dynex) containing 80 μL of 2.5 μg / ml solution. The reaction started with 100 μL of 2 μg / ml fecal extract. The reaction of the fecal extraction with the casein substance causes the fluorescent paint to peel off the substance. Relative fluorescence units (RFUs) were collected using a Fluoroskan Ascent system with 485 and 538 mm excitation and emission filters, respectively. The reaction was carried out for 30 minutes at room temperature and the rate between 10 and 20 minutes (RFU / min) was calculated. Percentage of residual fecal protein activity is SERICN and CR
It was calculated for each concentration of the OSILK inhibitor (prohibition rate / prohibition rate * 100).

A plot of the data is illustrated in FIG. 13 and is a graph showing the decrease in proteolytic activity with increasing concentrations of both SERICIN and CROSILK. These data are
Both molecules have been shown to have the ability in a diaper environment to neutralize cultured proteases to reduce skin irritation.

As illustrated in FIGS. 17-21, various treatment compounds of the topsheet of absorbent articles of different embodiments of the present invention efficiently enhance the proteolytic activity of fecal extract when transferred to the skin. prevent.

Although the present invention has been described in detail, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Such changes and modifications are considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

[Brief description of drawings]

[Figure 1]   FIG. 4 is a partially cut-away top view of an absorbent article according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[Fig. 2]   2 is a cross-sectional view of the absorbent article of FIG. 1 taken along line 2-2.

[Figure 3]   FIG. 4 is a partially cut-away top view of an absorbent article according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[Figure 4]   4 is a cross-sectional view of the absorbent body of FIG. 3 taken along line 4-4.

[Figure 5]   FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway top view of an absorbent article according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[Figure 6]   FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the absorbent article taken along line 6-6.

[Figure 7]   9 is a graph of data from Example 15 and Comparative Example 6.

[Figure 8]   It is a test device for the lotion transfer test in the present specification.

[Figure 9]   22 is a graph depicting the results from Examples 17-21.

[Figure 10]   22 is a graph depicting the results from Examples 17-21.

FIG. 11   22 is a graph depicting the results from Examples 17-21.

[Fig. 12]   22 is a graph depicting the results from Examples 17-21.

[Fig. 13]   22 is a graph depicting the results from Examples 17-21.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (31) Priority claim number 60 / 097,810 (32) Priority date August 25, 1998 (August 25, 1998) (33) Priority claiming countries United States (US) (31) Priority claim number 09 / 298,314 (32) Priority date April 23, 1999 (April 23, 1999) (33) Priority claiming countries United States (US) (31) Priority claim number 09 / 328,681 (32) Priority date June 9, 1999 (June 6, 1999) (33) Priority claiming countries United States (US) (31) Priority claim number 60 / 141,788 (32) Priority date June 30, 1999 (June 30, 1999) (33) Priority claiming countries United States (US) (31) Priority claim number 09 / 343,861 (32) Priority date June 30, 1999 (June 30, 1999) (33) Priority claiming countries United States (US) (31) Priority claim number 60/146, 934 (32) Priority date July 30, 1999 (July 30, 1999) (33) Priority claiming countries United States (US) (31) Priority claim number 09 / 377,294 (32) Priority date August 19, 1999 (August 19, 1999) (33) Priority claiming countries United States (US) (31) Priority claim number 09 / 379,431 (32) Priority date August 23, 1999 (August 23, 1999) (33) Priority claiming countries United States (US) (81) Designated countries EP (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, I T, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE), OA (BF, BJ , CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, GM, K E, LS, MW, SD, SL, SZ, UG, ZW), E A (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ , TM), AE, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA , BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, EE, ES, FI, G B, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL , IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, M G, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT , RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, UZ, VN, Y U, ZA, ZW (72) Inventor Akin Frank Jerrell             United States of America Georgia 30064             Marietta Trailwood Lane             560 (72) Inventor Diluccio Roberto Cosmo             United States of America Georgia 30004             Alpharetta Cogburn Ridgero             2350 (72) Inventor Everhart Dennis Stain             United States of America Georgia 30004             Alpharetta Hereford Road             230 (72) Inventor Guds by Elizabeth Dibler             United States of America Georgia 30068             Marietta Timber Ridge Road               5338 (72) Inventor Mayberry Pamela Jane             United States of America Georgia 30075             Roswell Well Lyndhurst Way             1035 (72) Inventor Light Audra Stefani             United States of America Georgia 30188             Woodstock Country Manoa             4142 (72) Inventor Yahiaoi Ali             United States of America Georgia 30075             Roswell Foxbury Lane             5040 (72) Inventor Fowlx Michael John             Wisconsin, United States             54956 Nina Fiesta Court             2320 (72) Inventor Kurzithic Duane Gerard             Wisconsin, United States             54911 Appleton East Merlot             'S Avenue 1112 (72) Inventor Menard Karen Marie             Wisconsin, United States             54956 Nina East Peckhams             Treat 528 (72) Inventor Musir David Charles             Wisconsin, United States             54915 Appleton South School               Avenue 3725 (72) Inventor Roche Frank Andrew Zasa             Mode             Wisconsin, United States             54169 Sherwood Spring Hill               Drive waist 4823 (72) Inventor Shah Gordon Allen             Wisconsin, United States             54942 Greenville Everglades               Road waist 6253 (72) Inventor Tyrell David John             Wisconsin, United States             54911 Appleton South Old               Oneida Street 415 Apartment             Ment 318 (72) Inventor Underhill Diane Michael             Wisconsin, United States             54956 Nina Congress Place             726 (72) Inventor Hocker Smith Jeffrey Michael             Washington, United States 98012             Mill Creek S. Twente             14th Avenue 14705 (72) Inventor Gilberg La Force Ganilla L             The             New York, USA 14870               Painted Post Pound View               7 (72) Inventor May Wade Bolton             Louisiana, United States 71301             Alexandria Albert Strey             To 1904 F-term (reference) 3B029 BB05 BB07 BD22                 4C098 AA09 CC02 CC03 CC08 DD10                       DD16 DD22 DD25 DD27

Claims (100)

[Claims] 1. A disposable comprising an absorbent body, a front waist section, a back waist section and an intermediate section connecting the front and back waist sections and having a lotion formulation on at least a portion facing the body side. An absorbent article comprising: 1) about 5 to about 95 weight percent emulsion; and 2) about 5 to about 95 weight percent wax, said absorbent article per minute calculated according to the tracer gas test. A disposable absorbent article having a wet air exchange rate of at least about 190 cubic centimeters. 2. The lotion formulation is selected from polyolefin resins, polyolefin polymers, polyethylene, isophylline / oil thickeners, and mixtures thereof, and is from about 0.1 to about 25 based on the total weight of the lotion formulation.
The absorbent article according to claim 1, comprising a weight percentage of a viscosity enhancing agent. 3. The emulsion according to claim 1, wherein the emulsion is selected from oils, esters, glycerol esters, ethers, alkoxylate carboxylic acids, alkoxylate alcohols, fatty alcohols and mixtures thereof. Absorbent article. 4. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the emulsion is a petroleum-based emulsion. 5. Absorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that the wax is selected from natural or synthetic animal waxes, vegetable waxes, mineral-based waxes, silicone-based waxes and mixtures thereof. Goods. 6. The absorbent article according to claim 2, wherein the viscosity enhancer increases the viscosity of the combination of the emulsion and the wax by at least 50% at a temperature of 60 ° C. 7. The absorbent article according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent article has a movement loss in the Z direction of about 55% or less. 8. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the absorbent article has a dry air exchange rate of at least about 525 cubic centimeters per minute calculated according to the tracer gas test. 9. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the wet exchange rate is at least about 225 cubic centimeters per minute calculated according to the tracer gas test. 10. The absorbent article has a wet air exchange rate / air exchange rate ratio of at least about 0.20 according to the tracer gas test.
Absorbent parts described in. 11. The wet air exchange rate / air exchange rate ratio of the absorbent article is:
11. The absorbent component of claim 10, which is at least about 0.23 according to the tracer gas test. 12. The absorbent article according to the skin hydration test is about
The absorbent article of claim 1 having a skin hydration value of less than 18 grams / square meter. 13. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the absorbent article has a skin hydration value of less than about 15 grams / square meter per hour according to the skin hydration test. 14. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the absorbent article has a skin hydration value of less than about 12 grams / square meter per hour according to the skin hydration test. 15. The absorbent article has a calculated surface temperature of about 1.
The absorbent article of claim 1, having a wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio of 010 or less. 16. The absorbent article has a calculated surface temperature of about 1.
The absorbent article according to claim 1, having a wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio of 000 or less. 17. At least about 1000, calculated according to 1) a water vapor transmission test.
A vapor-permeable backsheet having a vapor transmission rate of grams / square meter / 24 hours, 2) a liquid-permeable topsheet arranged in a relationship facing the backsheet, and 3) the backsheet and the topsheet. The absorbent article according to claim 1, comprising: an absorbent main body disposed between the absorbent main body and the absorbent main body. 18. The absorbent article of claim 17, wherein the water vapor transmission rate of the water vapor permeable backsheet is at least about 1500 grams / square meter / 24 hours calculated according to the water vapor transmission test. . 19. A disposable absorbent article comprising an absorbent body, a front waist section, a back waist section and an intermediate section connecting the front and back waist sections, 1) calculated according to a water vapor permeation test. At least about 1000 grams / square meter
A vapor-permeable backsheet having a vapor transmission rate of / 24 hours, 2) a liquid-permeable topsheet arranged in a relationship facing the backsheet, and 3) arranged between the backsheet and the topsheet. An absorbent body, and 4) a lotion formulation on at least a portion of the body side of the absorbent article comprising about 5 to about 95 weight percent emulsion and about 5 to about 95 weight percent wax. Disposable absorbent article. 20. The absorbent article according to claim 19, further comprising a breathable layer disposed between the back sheet and the absorbent main body. 21. The breathable layer comprises a hydrophobic, non-woven material having a thickness of at least about 0.10 centimeters and a basis weight of about 20 to about 120 grams / square meter. The absorbent article described. 22. A surge control layer disposed between the topsheet and the absorber, the surge control layer comprising a nonwoven material having a basis weight of about 30 to about 120 grams / square meter. The absorbent article according to claim 19, wherein the absorbent article is present. 23. The absorbent article of claim 19, wherein the water vapor permeable backsheet weighs at least about 1500 grams / square meter / 24 hours calculated according to the water vapor transmission test. 24. The absorbent body includes a zone of high air permeability, the zone being at least about 10 greater than the Frazier porosity of a portion of the absorbent body adjacent the zone of high air permeability. 20. The absorbent article according to claim 19 having a greater percentage of fresier porosity. 25. The absorbent article of claim 24, wherein the high air permeability zone is about 5 to about 75 percent of the total surface area of the absorbent body. 26. The absorbent article according to claim 24, wherein the absorbent body includes a plurality of air passages so as to form a high air permeability zone. 27. The lotion formulation is selected from polyolefin resins, polyolefin polymers, polyethylenes, isophylline / oil thickeners and mixtures thereof, based on the total weight of the lotion formulation, from about 0.1 to about 2;
20. The absorbent article according to claim 19, comprising 5 weight percent of a viscosity enhancing agent. 28. The emulsion of claim 19, wherein the emulsion is selected from oils, esters, glycerol esters, ethers, alkoxylate carboxylic acids, alkoxylate alcohols, fatty alcohols and mixtures thereof. Absorbent article. 29. The absorbent article according to claim 19, wherein the emulsion is a petroleum-based emulsion. 30. The absorbent of claim 19, wherein the wax is selected from natural or synthetic animal waxes, vegetable waxes, mineral-based waxes, silicone-based waxes and mixtures thereof. Goods. 31. The absorbent article of claim 19, wherein the absorbent article has a Z-direction movement loss of about 55% or less. 32. The absorbent article of claim 19, wherein the absorbent article has a dry air exchange rate of at least about 525 cubic centimeters per minute calculated according to the tracer gas test. 33. The absorbent article having a wet air exchange ratio / air exchange ratio of at least about 0.20 according to the tracer gas test.
9. The absorbent component according to item 9. 34. The absorbent article according to the skin hydration test is about
20. A skin hydration value of less than 18 grams / square meter.
The absorbent article according to. 35. The absorbent article of claim 19, wherein the absorbent article has a skin hydration value of less than about 15 grams / square meter per hour according to the skin hydration test. 36. The absorbent article has a calculated surface temperature of about 1.
20. The absorbent article of claim 19, having a wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio of 010 or less. 37. Disposable absorbent article comprising an absorbent body, a front waist section, a back waist section and an intermediate section connecting the front and back waist sections and having a treatment compound on at least a portion facing the body side. Absorbent article comprising 1) a surface treatment agent and 2) a skin health benefit agent, the absorbent article having a wet air exchange rate of at least about 190 cubic centimeters per minute calculated according to the tracer gas test. A disposable absorbent article that is. 38. The surface treating agent is selected from the group consisting of ethoxylate hydrogenated aliphatic oils, monosaccharides, monosaccharide derivatives, polysaccharides, polysaccharide derivatives and combinations thereof. Three
7. The absorbent article according to 7. 39. The absorbent article according to claim 37, wherein the skin health benefit agent comprises aqueous zinc or zinc sulfate anhydride. 40. The interfacial treating agent and zinc salt form the treating compound,
40. The absorbent article of claim 39, present in a weight ratio of 0.01-25 weight percent zinc salt to about 75-99.99 weight percent surfactant. 41. The absorbent article of claim 37, wherein the skin health benefit agent comprises protein. 42. The absorbent article according to claim 41, wherein the protein comprises silk protein. 43. The absorbent article according to claim 42, wherein the silk protein comprises sericin. 44. The absorbent article of claim 39, wherein the skin health benefit agent further comprises protein. 45. The absorbent article of claim 37, wherein the absorbent article has a dry air exchange rate of at least about 525 cubic centimeters per minute calculated according to the tracer gas test. 46. The absorbent article of claim 37, wherein the wet exchange rate is at least about 225 cubic centimeters per minute calculated according to the tracer gas test. 47. The absorbent article has a wet air exchange rate / air exchange rate ratio of at least about 0.20 according to the tracer gas test.
7. The absorbent component according to 7. 48. The absorbent article according to the skin hydration test is about
38. A skin hydration value of less than 18 grams / square meter.
The absorbent article according to. 49. The absorbent article of claim 37, wherein the absorbent article has a skin hydration value of less than about 15 grams / square meter per hour according to the skin hydration test. 50. The absorbent article of claim 37, wherein the absorbent article has a skin hydration value of less than about 12 grams / square meter per hour according to the skin hydration test. 51. The absorbent article has a calculated surface temperature of about 1.
38. The absorbent article of claim 37, having a wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio of 010 or less. 52. The absorbent article has a calculated surface temperature of about 1.
38. The absorbent article of claim 37, having a wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio of 000 or less. 53) 1) At least about 1000 calculated according to the water vapor transmission test
A vapor-permeable backsheet having a vapor transmission rate of grams / square meter / 24 hours, 2) a liquid-permeable topsheet arranged in a relationship facing the backsheet, and 3) the backsheet and the topsheet. The absorbent article according to claim 37, comprising: an absorbent main body disposed between the absorbent main body and the absorbent main body. 54. The absorbent article of claim 53, wherein the water vapor transmission rate of the water vapor permeable backsheet is at least about 1500 grams / square / 24 hours calculated according to the water vapor transmission test. . 55. A disposable absorbent article comprising a front waist section and a back waist section and an intermediate section connecting the front and back waist sections, 1) at least about 1000 calculated according to a water vapor permeation test. Grams / square meter
A vapor-permeable backsheet having a vapor transmission rate of / 24 hours, 2) a liquid-permeable topsheet arranged in a relationship facing the backsheet, and 3) arranged between the backsheet and the topsheet. And a treatment composition on at least part of the body side of the absorbent article, the treatment compound comprising: 1) an interface treatment agent; and 2) Disposable absorbent articles, characterized by comprising a skin health benefit agent. 56. The absorbent article according to claim 55, further comprising a breathable layer disposed between the back sheet and the absorbent main body. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the breathable layer is hydrophobic and comprises a nonwoven material having a thickness of at least about 0.10 centimeters and a basis weight of about 20 to about 120 grams / square meter. The absorbent article described. 58. A surge protection layer disposed between the topsheet and the absorber, the surge protection layer comprising a nonwoven material having a basis weight of about 30 to about 120 grams / square meter. 56. The absorbent article of claim 55, which is. 59. The absorbent article of claim 55, wherein the water vapor permeable backsheet weighs at least about 1500 grams / square meter / 24 hours calculated according to the water vapor transmission test. 60. The absorbent body includes a zone of high air permeability, the zone being at least about 10 greater than the Frazier porosity of a portion of the absorbent body adjacent the zone of high air permeability. 56. The absorbent article of claim 55, having a greater percentage of fresier porosity. 61. The absorbent article of claim 60, wherein the high air permeability zone is about 5 to about 75 percent of the total surface area of the absorbent body. 62. The absorbent article according to claim 60, wherein the absorbent body includes a plurality of air passages so as to form a high air permeability zone. 63. The surface treating agent is selected from the group consisting of ethoxylate hydrogenated aliphatic oils, monosaccharides, monosaccharide derivatives, polysaccharides, polysaccharide derivatives and combinations thereof. 5
5. The absorbent article according to item 5. 64. The absorbent article according to claim 55, wherein the skin health benefit agent comprises aqueous zinc or zinc sulfate anhydride. 65. The interfacial treating agent and the zinc salt form the treating compound,
65. The absorbent article of claim 64, present in a weight ratio of 0.01-25 weight percent zinc salt to about 75-99.99 weight percent surfactant. 66. The absorbent article of claim 55, wherein the skin health benefit agent comprises protein. 67. The absorbent article according to claim 66, wherein the protein comprises silk protein. 68. The absorbent article according to claim 67, wherein the silk protein comprises sericin. 69. The absorbent article of claim 64, wherein the skin health benefit agent further comprises protein. 70. The treatment compound is about 0.1% by weight based on the weight of the topsheet.
56. The absorbent article of claim 55 applied to the topsheet at a level of 1 to 1.5 weight percent. 71. The absorbent article has a wet exchange rate of at least about 190 cubic centimeters per minute and a dry air exchange rate of at least about 525 cubic centimeters per minute, calculated according to the tracer gas test. The absorbent article according to claim 55. 72. The absorbent article having a wet air exchange rate / air exchange rate ratio of at least about 0.20 according to the tracer gas test.
The absorbent component according to item 5. 73. The absorbent article according to the skin hydration test is about
56. A skin hydration value of less than 18 grams / square meter.
The absorbent article according to. 74. The absorbent article of claim 55, wherein the absorbent article has a skin hydration value of less than about 15 grams / square meter per hour according to the skin hydration test. 75. The absorbent article has a calculated surface temperature of about 1.
56. The absorbent article of claim 55, having a wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio of 010 or less. 76. A disposable absorbent article comprising a front waist section and a back waist section and an intermediate section connecting the front and back waist sections, 1) at least about 1000 calculated according to a water vapor permeation test. Grams / square meter
A vapor-permeable backsheet having a vapor permeability of / 24 hours, 2) a liquid-permeable topsheet arranged in a relationship facing the backsheet and comprising a surface treatment agent and a skin health benefit agent, 3) the above An absorbent body disposed between a backsheet and the topsheet; 4) a body side surface of the absorbent article, comprising about 5 to about 95 weight percent emulsion and about 5 to 95 weight percent wax. A disposable absorbent article comprising at least a portion of the treatment formulation and a disposable absorbent article comprising. 77. The absorbent article according to claim 76, further comprising a breathable layer disposed between the back sheet and the absorbent main body. 78. The vent layer of claim 77, wherein the vent layer comprises a hydrophobic, non-woven material having a thickness of at least about 0.10 centimeters and a basis weight of about 20 to about 120 grams / square meter. The absorbent article described. 79. A surge protection layer disposed between the topsheet and the absorber, the surge protection layer comprising a nonwoven material having a basis weight of about 30 to about 120 grams / square meter. 77. The absorbent article of claim 76, which is. 80. The absorbent article of claim 76, wherein the water vapor permeable backsheet is at least about 1500 grams / square meter / 24 hours calculated according to the water vapor transmission test. 81. The absorbent body includes a zone of high air permeability, the zone being at least about 10 greater than the Frazier porosity of a portion of the absorbent body adjacent the zone of high air permeability. 77. The absorbent article of claim 76, having a greater percentage of Frazier porosity. 82. The absorbent article of claim 81, wherein the high air permeability zone is about 5 to about 75 percent of the total surface area of the absorbent body. 83. The absorbent article of claim 81, wherein the absorbent body includes a plurality of air passages to form a high air permeability zone. 84. The surface-treating agent is selected from the group consisting of ethoxylate hydrogenated aliphatic oils, monosaccharides, monosaccharide derivatives, polysaccharides, polysaccharide derivatives and combinations thereof. 7
The absorbent article according to item 6. 85. The absorbent article of claim 76, wherein the skin health benefit agent comprises aqueous zinc or zinc sulfate anhydride. 86. The interfacial treating agent and zinc salt form the treating compound,
86. The absorbent article of claim 85, which is present in a weight ratio of 0.01-25 weight percent zinc salt to about 75-99.99 weight percent surfactant. 87. The absorbent article of claim 55, wherein the skin health benefit agent comprises protein. 88. The absorbent article according to claim 87, wherein said protein comprises silk protein. 89. The absorbent article according to claim 88, wherein the silk protein is composed of sericin. 90. The absorbent article of claim 85, wherein the skin health benefit agent further comprises protein. 91. The treatment compound comprises about 0.1% by weight of the topsheet.
77. The absorbent article of claim 76, applied to the topsheet at a level of 1 to 1.5 weight percent. 92. The lotion formulation is selected from polyolefin resins, polyolefin polymers, polyethylenes, isophylline / oil thickeners, and mixtures thereof, based on the total weight of the lotion formulation, from about 0.1 to about 2;
77. The absorbent article of claim 76, comprising 5 weight percent viscosity enhancer. 93. The emulsion of claim 76, wherein the emulsion is selected from oils, esters, glycerol esters, ethers, alkoxylate carboxylic acids, alkoxylate alcohols, fatty alcohols and mixtures thereof. Absorbent article. 94. The absorbent article of claim 76, wherein the emulsion is a petroleum-based emulsion. 95. The absorbent of claim 76, wherein the wax is selected from natural or synthetic animal waxes, vegetable waxes, mineral-based waxes, silicone-based waxes and mixtures thereof. Goods. 96. The absorbent article has a wet exchange rate of at least about 190 cubic centimeters per minute and a dry air exchange rate of at least about 525 cubic centimeters per minute, calculated according to the tracer gas test. The absorbent article according to claim 76. 97. The absorbent article has a wet air exchange rate / air exchange rate ratio of at least about 0.20 according to the tracer gas test.
The absorbent component according to item 6. 98. The absorbent article according to the skin hydration test is about
77. A skin hydration value of less than 18 grams / square meter.
The absorbent article according to. 99. The absorbent article of claim 76, wherein the absorbent article has a skin hydration value of less than about 15 grams / square meter per hour according to the skin hydration test. 100. The absorbent article has a surface area calculated according to a skin temperature test.
77. A wet skin temperature / dry skin temperature ratio of 1.010 or less.
The absorbent article according to.