TH35185A - Processes and tools for gasification - Google Patents

Abstract

DC60 (19/10/41) The process and equipment used to gasify high-moisture carbon lumps consists of the following steps: (a) Initial feeding of the first carbon lump into the recirculation of the pressure dryer. This carbon lump has a high moisture content of approximately 30 wt% according to the wetting criteria. (b) Reduction of the moisture content of the first carbon lump by passing it through hot gas in the stack. This hot gas in the stack has a low oxygen content and is then passed through the recirculation of the pressure dryer to dry the first carbon lump. (c) Transferring the dried first carbon lump from the recirculation of the pressure dryer to the recirculation of the carbonizer. (d) Gasification of a portion of the dried first carbon lump in the carbonizer to produce high-temperature fuel gas and residual sludge. (e) Transferring the residual sludge to the combustion chamber and (f) Combustion of the residual sludge in the combustion chamber to produce gas in the low-oxygen sludge stack. The use of equipment and methods to vaporize high-moisture carbon lumps for fuel gasification. The flame goes to the top of the furnace (20), where the gas is burned along with the air to produce hot gas, which is then fed to a mixed-speed gas turbine to convert the energy of the feed gas into electrical energy. In this process, low-moisture fuels can be used by adding water separately or by adding water with the fuel in the form of a wet, viscous mixture or a mixture of liquid and solid. The process and equipment for gasifying high-moisture carbon lumps consists of the following steps: (a) Initial feeding of the first carbon lump into the recirculation of the pressure dryer. This first carbon lump has a high moisture content of approximately 30 wt% according to the wetness criterion. (b) Reduction of the moisture content of the first carbon lump by passing it through hot gas in the flue. The hot gas in this flue has a low oxygen content and is then passed through the recirculation of the pressure dryer to dry the first carbon lump. (c) Further reduction of the moisture content of the dried first carbon lump from the recirculation of the pressure dryer to the recirculation of the pressure carbonizer. (d) Partial gasification of the dried first carbon lump. The carbon dioxide is vaporized in a carbonizer to produce high-temperature fuel gas and sludge. (e) The sludge is moved to the combustion chamber and (f) the combustion of the sludge in the combustion chamber to produce low-oxygen gas in the chimney. Using equipment and methods, the high-moisture carbon dioxide is vaporized to supply fuel gas to the upper part of the furnace (20), where the gas is burned with air to produce a hot gas that feeds a turbine. It is then fed to a mixed-speed gas turbine to convert the energy of the turbine feed gas into electrical energy. In this process, low-moisture fuels can also be used by adding water separately or by adding water with the fuel in the form of a wet, viscous mixture or a mixture of liquid and solid.

Claims (26)

1. The process for gasifying high-moisture carbon lumps consists of: (a) feeding the first carbon lump into the recirculation of the pressure dryer; this lump has a high moisture content of approximately 30 wt% according to the wetting criteria; (b) reducing the moisture content of the first carbon lump by passing it through hot gas in the stack; this hot gas in the stack has a low oxygen content and is then passed through the recirculation of the pressure dryer to dry the first carbon lump; (c) transferring the dried first carbon lump from the recirculation of the pressure dryer to the recirculation of the pressure carbonizer; (d) gasification of a portion of the dried first carbon lump in the pressure carbonizer to produce high-temperature fuel gas and residual sludge; (e) transferring the residual sludge to the combustion chamber; and (f) combustion of the residual sludge in the combustion chamber to produce gas in the low-oxygen stack. 2. The process consistent with claim 1 involves conveying the small powder particles formed in step (d) into the gas fuel flow stream. 3. The process of claim 2 involves cooling the gaseous fuel stream to condense the alkali matter with small powder particles. These powder particles are then separated from the gaseous fuel stream to produce alkali-free gaseous fuel. 4. The process of claims 1 through 3, or any one of them, involves cooling the gaseous fuel stream by transferring heat along with the gas flow in the stack from a pressure dryer. 5. A process consistent with either claim 1 or 4 will involve the combustion of residual waste in a first combustion pressure chamber with a second carbon block. 6. In a process consistent with claim 5, a second carbon lump, from the same source as the first carbon lump, is fed into the vortex of the pressure dryer. 7. A process consistent with claim 1 or 4 involves the transport of the first carbon atom along with the flue gas flow from the dryer's vortex, whereupon the first carbon atom separates from the flue gas and enters the carbonizer's vortex. 8. The process of claim 4 involves the destruction of moisture in the flue gas before heat transfer to the fuel gas from the carbonizer recirculation pipe. 9. The process of claim 8 involves accepting a portion of the dehumidified flue gas flow from the dryer's recirculating pipe to the combustion chamber. 10. The process of claim 4 involves the combustion of a portion of the cooled fuel gas in the vortex of the pressure dryer. 11. A process consistent with claims 1 through 10, or any one of them, involves the combustion of fuel gases and flue gases along with air in the upper part of the furnace to produce hot gases for turbine feeding. 12. The process of claim 1 will involve the presence of moisture content within the carbon block. 13. The method of electricity generation using high-moisture carbon briquettes involves the following steps: (a) Initial feeding of the carbon briquettes into the dryer's recirculation. These briquettes have a high moisture content of approximately 30wt%, meeting the wetting criteria. (b) Reducing the moisture content of the carbon briquettes by passing them through hot gases in the stack. These hot gases have a low oxygen content and are then passed through the dryer's recirculation to dry the carbon briquettes. (c) Transferring the dried carbon briquettes from the dryer's recirculation to the carbonizer's recirculation. (d) Gasification of a portion of the dried carbon briquettes in the carbonizer to produce high-temperature fuel gas and residual carbon. (e) Transferring the residual carbon to the combustion chamber. (f) Combustion of the residual carbon in the combustion chamber. (g) The chimney gas and fuel gas are moved to the upper part of the furnace (h) The chimney gas and fuel gas are burned together with the air in the upper part of the furnace to produce the turbine feed gas and (i) The turbine feed gas is used to drive the gas turbine engine to convert the energy of the turbine feed gas into electrical energy. 14. The electricity generation method consistent with claim 13 involves transporting the small powder particles generated in step (d) into the gaseous fuel flow. 15. A method consistent with claim 4 involves cooling the gaseous fuel stream to condense the alkali matter into fine powder particles. These fine powder particles are then separated from the gaseous fuel stream to produce an alkali-free gaseous fuel. 16. Any method consistent with claims 13, 14, or 15 shall cool the gaseous fuel flow by transferring heat along with the gas flow in the stack from the dryer. 17. A procedure consistent with claim 13 or 16 shall involve the combustion of the residue of step (d) in a pressure chamber, burning together with the second carbon lump. 18. In a method consistent with claim 17, a second carbon lump from the same source as the first carbon lump is fed into the recirculating tube of the pressure dryer. 19. The method of claim 13 involves destroying the moisture in the flue gas before heat transfer along with the fuel gas from the recirculating pipe of the pressure carbonizer. 20. The method of claim 13 involves accepting a portion of the dehumidified gas flow in the stack from the dryer's vortex to the combustion chamber. 21. The method of claim 16 involves the combustion of a portion of the cooled fuel gas in a pressure combustion chamber to produce a flue gas for use in the recirculation of the pressure dryer. 22. The method described in claim 13 involves a high moisture content within a carbon block. 23. The apparatus for gasifying high-moisture carbon lumps shall consist of: (a) at least one recirculating dryer tube for drying the carbon lumps. When the first carbon lump is brought to the dryer, it will have a moisture content greater than 30wt% according to the wetness criteria. (b) A recirculating carbonizer tube for receiving the first carbon lump from the recirculating dryer tube. The first carbon lump is gasified in the recirculating carbonizer tube to produce high-temperature fuel gas and sludge. (c) A combustion chamber connected to the recirculating carbonizer tube for receiving and burning the sludge with air to produce gas in the low-oxygen stack. This combustion chamber supplies gas from the stack to at least one recirculating dryer tube for drying the first carbon lump. (d) A heat transfer device for transferring heat from the fuel gas to the gas in the stack. (e) An upper furnace for burning the gas in the stack and fuel gas with air to produce turbine feed gas. 24. The equipment consistent with claim 23 shall also include dehumidifiers and moisture separators to remove moisture from the gases in the flue exiting the recirculating pipes of at least one pressure dryer. 25. Equipment conforming to claims 23 or 24 will also include a gas/particle separator. This separator will remove any small particles or lumps transported with the fuel gases and leave them in a heat exchanger before the fuel gases enter the upper part of the furnace. 26. The equipment used for electricity generation shall consist of a device for vaporizing carbon blocks with a moisture content exceeding approximately 30wt% according to the moisture content criterion, in accordance with claim 23, and a gas turbine with a mixed cycle for receiving the turbine feed gas and converting the energy of the turbine feed gas into electrical energy. (Clause 26, 5 pages, 2 figures)