SU989079A1 - Shield for tunneling in saturated soils - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to underground construction in water-saturated tunnel soils using shields and artificially lowering groundwater.

Known 1zit for tunneling, which contains a cellular frontal part with casing pipes attached to partitions, a support ring with shield jacks, a shield shell and an airtight partition. In this technical solution, due to the injection of compressed air, the pressure of the ground water is completely balanced, and therefore, the forehead does not allow water to flow into the pipes. Then the pressure of the compressed air decreases and a pressure occurs in the groundwater, causing water to be filtered all over the surface, to prevent clogging of pipes in them, water pipes are laid, which feed water to the bottom. To reduce filtration, mud is injected through water pipes .13.

The disadvantage of such a shield is that in the process of operation it is possible for the pipes to clog with soil, and to eliminate this phenomenon, it is necessary to regulate the flow of water or clay.

a solvent that is a time consuming process.

The closest to the invention in technical essence and achievable result is a shield for tunneling in water-saturated soils, including a housing, panel jacks, vacuum chambers with water-permeable walls, filled with filtration sand, and means for replacing sand, water receivers installed in vacuum chambers. chambers and a collection pipeline connected to a vacuum-pumping installation, containing a collector, located along the contour of the shield and transition tubes 2 E.

However, water intake is carried out along the working contour with a certain distance from the bottom, which reduces the effectiveness of drainage of the soil.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of soil drainage by providing water intake directly from the bottom surface.

25

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a shield for tunneling in water-saturated soils, including a housing, vacuum chambers with permeable walls and filtration sand,

30 water intakes installed in vacuum / vacuum chambers and connected to a vacuum pump unit with a collecting pipeline containing a manifold, located along the shield contour, and transfer tubes, each chamber is hinged on the manifold and can be rotated to the bottom and made in front parts with longitudinal and transverse ribs forming sections, each of which has a cassette with permeable Walls, fixed by means of plate constipation, while the vacuum chambers are connected by transition tubes and an adjacent link collector through a swivel coupling tees. Fig, 1 shows a shield, a general view in longitudinal section; Fig. 2 is the same, front view in Fig. 3 — tilting-hanging plate, transverse section in FIG. 4 — the same, view of the opera; figure 5 is one of the cassettes, front view; 6 is the same in longitudinal section; figure 7 - the upper part of the cassette in an enlarged view; on Fig -... scheme of drainage of the shield; figure 9 is the same, front view. The shield for tunneling in water-saturated soils includes a housing 1 equipped with shield jacks 2, an excavator body 3, a conveyor 4 for removing soil and a block paver 5. In the front part of the shield there are upper 6 and lower 7 rotary-suspended bottom plates and intake chambers 8.. Upper b rotary-suspension plates are connected by an upper collector 9, which is connected by a link 10 to an annular collector 11. Lower 7 rotary-suspended plates are connected by transition tubes 12 to an average collector 13, which by a link 14 is connected to rotating arm 11. In the annular manifold collector 11 are also connected to all intake chamber 8. Thus, the annular manifold 11 receives ground water intake of all devices and through conduit 15 passes. groundwater to the collector, which is located along the tunnel, and the vacuum - pumping installation. Each upper rotary-suspension plate 6 consists of a body 16 with 17 longitudinal and 18 transverse ribs. Hooks 19 are welded to the housing 16 to suspend it to the upper collector 9 and the lugs 20 for the power jack 21 intended to rotate the plates 6. The link of the upper collector 9 is suspended to the shield body 1 by means of hooks 22 and interconnected by flying ends 23 having hermetic seals. Vacuum chambers (cells) are formed by 17 longitudinal and 18 transverse ribs. The design of the bottom rotary overhead downhole plates is similar. Cassettes 24 are inserted into the vacuum chambers. They are made in the shape of the chamber and are fixed with locks in the form of vertical bridges 25 having plate-shaped protrusions 26 with bolting. The cassettes 24 have a box-shaped case with a vertical arrangement, made of sheet steel, and the frontal arrangement is made of sheet steel, and their frontal walls are made of mesh 27 with cell sizes that are able to hold filtration sand 28. In the upper part of the cassette 24 there are hatches 29, edged with a rigid frame 3-0. Through the hatches 29, it is possible to fill and replace the filter sand 28. The bottom walls 31 of the cassettes 24 have perforations that overlap with the bend of the mesh 27. In the lower part of the body 16 of the swing-out plate, an outlet 32 is made adjacent to the narrowing chamber 33, which ends 34. The cylindrical chamber 34 is through, its ends are covered with removable covers 35, which are clamped by the through clamp 36. The cylindrical chamber 34 has radial holes 37 through which ground water from -equilibrium plates may enter the manifold 9 to the adapter tube 12. The holes 37 overlap the cylindrical mesh 38, the retaining 2B sand from getting into the vacuum pump sets. Adapter tubes 12 are connected to the collector 9 via rotary distributing sleeves 39, which may have, for example, an annular groove, and a collector 9, which provides a constant connection of the chamber 34 with the vacuum pump unit in any position of the rotary suspension plates. The shield in water-saturated soils works as follows. If the LAYER of groundwater overlaps with overhead turntable plates. 6, in this case they are pressed against the face by power jacks 21, and the longitudinal 17 and transverse 18 ribs are inserted into the section of the bottom, separating it from the rest and from the suction of atmospheric air. In this case, the sand cassettes 24 are brought into contact with the water-rich ground. Due to the vacuum pumping units, water is drawn into the cassettes 24. The water passes through the grids 27 in a continuous flow, and first concentrates in the exhaust

the holes 32, then through the cylindrical chambers 34, the mesh 38 enters the transition tubes 12, and from there through the rotary distribution sleeves 39, the collector 9, the link 10 and the annular collector c enters the pipeline 15.

A similar water intake is also carried out from the lower 7 pivoting plates.

In the presence of groundwater in one of the parts, the intake is made only at this site, and in the area where there is no groundwater, rotary-suspension plates work as usual means of keeping the bottom away from the ground.

In the case of the presence of groundwater throughout the cross section, the intake is made by both the upper and lower suspended plates.

Thus, this device allows water to be taken over the entire cross section of the treatment, which increases the efficiency of soil drainage.

The use of this invention makes it possible to eliminate the use of manual labor for the rearrangement of downhole filters used for dewatering directly from the shield. In view of the possibility of organizing a large area of contact of filtering elements with the breast of the bottom, it is ensured that the drainage of the bottom is efficient in conditions of significant water inflow.

Claims (2)

1. Authors certificate USSR 93425, class, E 21 D 9 / On, 1951. 2. Authors certificate of the USSR 522327, cl. E 21 D 9/06, 1974 (prototype). FIG. five 29 /  :: ig. 7 XL - Nnvss Fig. &