SU980039A1

SU980039A1 - Device for remote sounding of enviroment

Info

Publication number: SU980039A1
Application number: SU813323224A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Михаил Васильевич Бухаров; Сергей Александрович Кочеров; Леонид Архипович Пенязь; Александр Юрьевич ПРОЗОРОВСКИЙ; Анатолий Васильевич Фролов
Original assignee: Государственный Научно-Исследовательский Центр Изучения Природных Ресурсов
Priority date: 1981-07-21
Filing date: 1981-07-21
Publication date: 1982-12-07

Description

Изобретение относитс к дистанционному зондированию атмосферы и подстилающей поверхности и, в частности , может быть использовано дл определени интегральной влажности атмосферы, влаго.содержани облаков и интенсивности осадков.The invention relates to remote sensing of the atmosphere and underlying surface and, in particular, can be used to determine the integral humidity of the atmosphere, moisture content of clouds and precipitation intensity.

Известны устройства дл дистанционного зондировани окружающей среды , содержащие последовательно соединенные антенную системУг модул тор , усилитель высокой частоты, детектор , усилитель низкой частоты, синхронный детектор и фильтр нижних частот, а также генератор модулирующего напр жени , выход которого соединен с управ ющим входом модул тора и управл к дим входом синхронного детектора СИ ,Devices for remote sensing of the environment are known, comprising a series-connected antenna system: a modulator, a high-frequency amplifier, a detector, a low-frequency amplifier, a synchronous detector and a low-pass filter, as well as a modulating voltage generator, the output of which is connected to the control input of the modulator and control of the input of the synchronous detector SI,

i Однако при измерени х уход щего радиотеплового излучени , интенсивность которого прин то характеризовать ркостной температурой; возникает проблема калибровки радиометра, так как при изменении коэффициента передачи усилительного тракта, выходной результат модул ционного радиометра будет содержать ошибку пропорциональную разнице ркостных температур принимаемого и эталонного излучений .i However, when measuring the outgoing radiothermal radiation, the intensity of which is usually characterized by the brightness temperature; there is a problem of radiometer calibration, because when the transmission coefficient of the amplifier path changes, the output of the modulation radiometer will contain an error proportional to the difference in the temperature temperatures of the received and reference emissions.

Другие недостатки использовани трех автономных радиометров с индивидуальными антенными системами состо т в по влении дополнительное погрешности измерений, возникакхцей за счет вэгшмного вли ни радиометров друг на друга и громоздкости получа емого комплекса.Other disadvantages of using three autonomous radiometers with individual antenna systems consist in the occurrence of additional measurement errors caused by the radiators' influence on each other and the bulkiness of the resulting complex.

Claims

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed is a device for remote sensing of the environment, containing an antenna system and three radiometric ones, each of which is made in the form of a modulating voltage generator, a local oscillator, an automatic gain controller and connected in series a slow-acting switch, a fast-acting switch, first valve, mix, intermediate frequency / square detector amplifier, low frequency amplifier synchronous detector and low-frequency filter, the output of the modulating voltage generator is connected to the control input 30 of the high-speed switch, to the second input of which the heat load is connected, the input of the automatic gain controller is connected to the output of the low frequency amplifier, the output of the automatic regulator, gain is connected to the control input of the intermediate frequency amplifier, and the output of the local oscillator is connected to the second input of the mixer. This device allows you to organize a calibration with a low temperature temperature source of radiation, as such a source is used: the space radiation received by a special antenna, oriented so that the Earth’s radiation does not fall into it 23, The main disadvantage of this calibration is the level of the signal received from space due to the periodic penetration into the field of view of the calibration antenna of such areas, the radio temperature of which is significant. This may occur when the calibration antenna is directed toward the sun, the moon, or to radio sources from space. In addition to i; oro, the calibration antenna itself may be a source of mech, and the antenna-feeder path requires additional temperature control and the ciaM is a source of errors in determining the temperature of the radial radiation, the known technical solution is also unprotected against crosstalk caused by the modulating generator the voltages of each of the radiometric channels, which can lead to the appearance of additional openings in the resulting signal. As the processing and use of information of a known object by the RT shows, the separation of measurement and calibration carried out simultaneously in scex three channels, firstly, leads to a considerable interval between calibrations, as a result of which, due to slow departures of instrumentation parameters, the error can significantly increase determining temperature temperatures and, secondly, leads to the loss of the information year from those surface areas that were covered during the calibration period. As a result, remote sensing errors are increased. The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of remote measurements for the account of simultaneous measurement and calibration. To achieve this goal, a device for remote sensing of the environment, containing an antenna system and three radiometric channels, each of which is designed as a voltage modulator, local oscillator, automatic gain control and series-connected slow-acting switch, high-speed switch, first valve, mixer , intermediate frequency amplifier, quadratic detector, low frequency amplifier, synchronous detector and low frequency filter The output of the modulating voltage generator is connected to the control input of the high-speed switch, to the second input of which a heat load is connected, the input of the automatic gain controller is connected to the output of the low-frequency amplifier, the output of the automatic gain controller is connected to the control input of the intermediate frequency amplifier , and the output of the local oscillator is connected to the second input of the mixer, a command block is entered, the first and second switches, the antenna system is designed as a parabolic reflector, l and three irradiators installed in the focal plane of the reflector and connected by waveguide paths with the inputs of the corresponding radiometric channels, each of which is connected in series with a noise generator, a second valve and an attenuator, the shock code of which is connected to the second input of a slow-mounting co1UPU and sequentially connected ( The ny commutator voltage switch and the inverter, whose output; connected to the second output of the modulating voltage switchboards and to the control input of the synchronous detector, in which the control inputs of the noise generator, the slow-acting switch and the modulating voltage co-switch of each radiometric channel are connected to the outputs of the command block, the tenth. the output of the command block is connected to the first control input of the first switch and the second control input of the second switch; the eleventh output of the command block is connected to the second control input of the first switch and the third control input of the second switch; the twelfth output of the command block is connected to the third control input the first switch and the first control the input of the second switch, and the output of the low-pass filter of each radiometric channel is connected to the corresponding inputs of the first and second about switches. In addition, the command block is designed as a serially connected reference pulse generator, first and second counters, first and second decoders, three amplifying channels consisting of a differentiating circuit and a power amplifier, inverter, first, second, third, fourth - and the sixth elements And, while the outputs of the first counter are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first decoder; the outputs of the second counter are connected to the corresponding inputs of the second decoder, the first output of the first decoder is connected to the first inputs of the third and fourth elements I and to the input of the second amplifying channel, the second output of the first decoder is connected to the first inputs of the fifth and sixth elements I and to the input of the third, the amplification channel, the third output of the first decoder is connected to the first inputs of the first and second And elements and to the input of the first amplifying channel, the first output of the second decoder is connected to the second inputs of the first-, third- and fifth AND gates, the second output of the second decoder conn chen to the inverter input, whose output is connected to inputs of the second, fourth and sixth elements I. The low-pass filter is designed as the first and second operational amplifiers, sequentially connected. the first, second) third and fourth resistors, the fifth and sixth resistors in series, the first, second and third capacitors in series, the inverting input of the first operational amplifier connected to the connected taps of the first and second resistor; the output of the first operational amplifier is connected to the connected taps of the second and The third reiotorov, the first capacitor is connected in parallel to the second resistor, the output of the fourth resistor is connected to the non-inverted input of the second operational amplifier and to one of the taps of the second capacitor, the second taps of which are connected to the common wire, one taps of the third capacitor are connected to the connected third and fourth resistors, and the second taps of the third capacitor are connected to the output of the second op amp, and the inverting input of the second operational amplifier connected to the connected p and p of the resistors, and the free tap of the p of the resistor is connected to the common wire. Moreover, the irradiators are made in the form of horns, on the axis of one of the horns dix focus of the reflector, and the axes of the other two horns removed from the main axis of the antenna reflector at distances equal respectively tlsT. circi (fltQf4 3-cosV 1) 2 i2-F-t f I f-circ lic tf3 cosv diameter aperture of the antenna reflector; F is the focal distance of the antenna reflector; H is the angle of deviation of the main axis of the antenna reflector from the base A; the wavelength of the received radiation. FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of a three-channel modulation radimeter for remote sensing of the environment / FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a command block in FIG. 3 is a basic lowpass filter; in fig. 4 - antenna system, general appearance; in fig. 5 - conventional remote sensing scheme; in fig. 6 is a plot of output voltages of the three-channel modulation radiometer in FIG. 7 - principles: the circuit diagram of the switch. Three-channel modulation radiometer for remote sensing; surrounding environments (FIG. 1) contains antenna system 1, three similar radiometric channels 2-4, blrk 5 commands, two switches 6 and 7 and two ans-digital-digital converters 8 and 9, each radiometric channel consisting of a slow-acting switch 10, an attenuator 11, the first valve 12, generator 13 noise, high-speed switch 14, heat load 15, second valve 16, mixer 17, amplifier D8 intermediate frequency, quadratic detector 19, amplifier 20 low frequency, synchronous detector 21, low frequency filter 22, o-generator 23 modulator guide voltage oscillator 24, the switch 25 of the modulating voltage inverter 26 (automatic gain controller 27. In turn, the command block (FIG. 2) contains the reference pulse generator 28, the first counter 29 and the second. counter 30, first 31 and second 32 decoders are three amplifying channels consisting of differentiating circuits 33-35 and power amplifiers 36-38, inverter 39, first 40, second 41, third 42, fourth 43, fifth 5, and sixth 45 slender I. Low pass filter (FIG. H) contains the first 46 and second 47 operational amplifiers, the first 48, the second 49, the third 50, the fourth 51, the fifth 52 and the sixth 53 resistors,. the first 54, the second 55 and the third 56 capacitors. Antenna system (FIG. 4) consists of a reflector 57 (in the form of a paraboloid and three horn feeds 58-60 installed in the focal plane of the reflector and connected by waveguide paths to the inputs of the corresponding channels, and in the opening plane the centers of the horns of the antenna system are located on the line of intersection of the plane formed by the flight path and the vertical of the location, and the focal plane of the antenna hub, the horn receiving the radiation at the wavelength A, j is located at the focus of the body, and the axes of the horns / receiving the radiation at the wavelengths A and Aj are removed us from the main reflector to the axis antennoho radsto SRI equal / E5A. o (. J; fi Ь1 2-Р-ЦА2 2-Ft f V Vc r rci f (icj i Ccos where D is the diameter of the antenna aperture of the b razhatel; the focal distance of the antenna section of the antenna, the angle of deflection of the main antenna reflector from the dir / C - coefficient, the value of which is determined with the required continuity of the review under the surface of the surface. FIG. 5 shows the surface areas. Switches b and 7 (FIG. 1) consisting of three pairs of series-connected field-effect transistors 64-6. 9 (FIG. 7), the signal passing through them in the mode of transmittance or zapiranltsih keys. From these switches to the switch output, the signal arrives through matching silicon 70 having elements of frequency response correction (71 to 72) of the gain factor (73 rf: 74). Control signal on par4. . transistor 64-63 enters through resistors 75-77 from the amplifier stages, assembled respectively on transistors 78-80 and resistors 8186. Amplifier cascades operating in key mode are necessary to ensure reliable locking and unlocking of field-effect transistors. ; to control the operation of transistors; 78-80, signals from control unit 5 are used (Fig. 1) coming through resistors 87-89 (FIG. 7) and hundred bilitron 90-92. The switch 25 of modulating voltage (FIG. 1) is made similar to switch 6, only it has one output signal which is switched alternately to two outputs. Inverter 26 is made on the basis of an inerting amplifier. Analog-to-digital converters 8 and 9 have no particular implementation. The device works as follows. After supplying voltage to the elements of the device, block 5. teams (FIG. 1) carries out the following quanties. The slow acting switch (MDK) Iff of the first channel is switched to transmitting the radiation received by antenna system 1, and in the first switch 6 a circuit is opened, passing a signal to the first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 8 from the output of the first channel. In the second channel, the noise calibration generator 13 is switched on, the MDK JO switches to transmitting radiation from this generator, and the commutator modulator 25 switches the reference signal to the inverter 26, from where the inverted reference signal is fed to the synchronous detector 21, the switch 7 passes to the second ADC 9 signal from the output of the second channel. As a result of switching in the first channel, the radiation received by the antenna system through the slow-acting switch 10 arrives at the first input of the high-speed switch 14, the output of which alternately (with the frequency foWl Hz) is connected to the signal from the generator 23 of the modulating voltage from the first output to the second, receiving radiation From heat load 15 with temperature TD. The output signal of the high-speed switch 14 of the switch 14 through the first valve 12 enters the mixer 17, where it is essentially mixed with the heterodyne signal (ff-36.6 GHz). 24 assembled on a Gunn diode. After filtering and amplifying () the output signal of the mixer, which is carried out at intermediate frequency amplifier 18 (IFA bandwidth 50-150 MHz), the signal passes through. quadratic detector 19 and is fed to a low-frequency amplifier 20 (bandwidth. ULF R ,, MHz), - With the output of the low frequency forces and i-bodies, the signal goes to the automatic gain controller 27, which regulates the gain of the amplifier, thus, Jto average. square value of noise voltage. (in the band Pf -1 MHz) at the output of the low-frequency amplifier did not exceed a certain specified value, and also fed to the synchronous detector 21. As a reference, a voltage is applied to the synchronous detector from the generator 23 of the modulating voltage passed through switch 2. 5 modulating voltage. After synchronous detection, a signal is formed whose magnitude is proportional to the difference in order. Perthur and Tcc and T of radiation, which are transmitted to the high-speed switch from the antenna system and from the heat load 15, respectively, 1s1-1 T (1-To), where K is the proportionality factor for the first channel. For the convenience of a qualitative analysis of changes in the antenna temperature, effected by changing the voltage of the device, in C, the CM-CMI (I-TO) compensation signal is added to the voltage Uti. As a result, from the LED output to the input of the low-pass filter 22 (bandwidths G = 0-1 Hz |), the signal UcA is received. Ki-t. + UcM-t-K-, To. After filtering, the signal arrives at the first inputs to the “| utatorov b and 7, respectively, open n closed in the first measurement cycle. Passing through switch b, the output signal from the first channel, goes to the first analog-to-digital converter 8 and then digitally transmitted to the consumer. The time interval for switching on the analog-digital converters 8 and 9 is set by the signal from the block of 5 commands. Simultaneously with the operation of the first channel described above, the second cycle of the radiometer is calibrated in the first cycle. Taking into account the same type of structural schemes of the first 2, second 3 and third 4 channels, using the example of the structural scheme of the first channel, we see the operation of the second channel. The signal from the calibration noise generator 13 through the second valve 16, the attenuator 11 and the open second input of the slow-acting switch 10 enters the BDK 14. From the output of the fast-acting switch, the signal passes through the first valve 12, the mixer 17, the amplifier 18 intermediate frequency, the quadratic detector 19, the amplifier 20 low frequency and enters the input of the synchronous detector 21. The voltage of the generator 23 of modulating voltage passing through the switch 25 of modulating voltage and the inverter 26 enters the synchronous detector as a reference. In this case, from the output of the SD to the input of the low-pass filter 22, a signal is received is2-o-Tbc2 b K2-Ki. aTfc2. (3 where uj. | v, g signal of compensation in the second channel, the temperature of the calibration noise generator exceeds the temperature of the background radiation of the calibration track Kj - the proportionality coefficient of the signal conversion by the second channel. After filtering, the signal arrives at all the inputs of switches 6 and 7, respectively closed and open, in the first measurement cycle. Pass Th. -; cuts switch 7, the output signal of the second channel is ± at the input. the second analogue-qi ({ph converter 9 and further in digital form ne. Edited to the consumer. The third inputs of the switches b and 7 are supplied with the output signal of the third canape. four. After the time f, the first calibration period in (FIG. b), determined by tr # al3V, where a is the distance between the centers of the viewpoint (FIG. 5T; V - spot moving speed. radometer review; , the command block removes the first one and issues a BTOpjno command. This is followed by the following switching. In the auto-jpoM channel 3, the noise generator 13 is switched off, the slow-delays; the two-phase switch 10 switches on the radiation source received by the antenna system, the switching voltage of the modulating voltage switches to the reference signal without inverted phase. In the third canape 4, the inclusions, analogous to the switches in the second channel 3, carried out in the first measurement cycle are carried out. The kpmte of that of switches 7 is switched respectively to the transmission of signals from the second. of the third channel. Thus,. in the second cycle. Measurements from the output of the analog-to-digital converter 8 receive a signal that propagates the radiation received by the horn of the second channel, and from the output of the analog-to-digital converter 9 receives the signal of calibration of the third channel, similar to the signal determined by formula (3). After the time of the first nepwooft calibration has expired, the control unit removes the second one and issues a third command, according to which the third channel 4 switches to the measurement mode of the radiation received by the antenna system. In this channel, switching is carried out, similar to switching of the m-second channel in the second measurement cycle. The first kangsh by means of switches, similar to the switchings of the second channel and in the first measurement cycle. put into calibration mode by the d signal of the iSitiyMa calibration generator. In addition, the outputs of the switches 6 and 7 are switched respectively to the transmission of signals from the third and first channels. Thus, in the tpeTbeM measurement cycle (continued for a time t), the outputs of analog-digital converters 8 and 9 receive signals: respectively, proportional to the radiation received by the third channel horn 60, and the calibration signal of the first channel. In order to eliminate possible, systematic error in determining the ratio between the magnitude of the excess temperature of the calibration generator noise over the background radiation temperature of the calibration path and. By varying the output voltage, the fourth, fifth, and sixth measurement cycles of the second calibration period 2 are entered (Fig. b). In this period, iBce switching, in addition to supplying power to the calibration noise generators, is similarly corresponding to switching to the first, second, and third cycles of the first cycle: Primary calibration period; as follows from formula J 3) from the output of the asynchronous detector each channel; With the number 1, operating in the calibration mode, the input signal for the LPF I is (- (T o-T6K)) Using the expressions for the signal on the high-voltage output of the synchronous detector, in the calibration mode with on, (3) and off (4 ) calibration noise generator can but get Ki dTc5,, 2,3 where the change in the output voltage of the synchronous detector, th channel, is caused by the temperature of the calibration noise generator exceeding. above the temperature of the calibration channel of the same channel. The radiometer's channels are calibrated by the temperature value (T-)) of the attenuators of the calibration paths, performed in the next seventh, eighth and ninth cycles of the third calibration period (Fig. b). In these cycles, the control unit is not commanded to turn on the calibration noise generators and to invert the phases of the reference signals to the synchronous detectors. The remaining switchings are similar to the corresponding switchings of the first, second, and third cycles of the first calibration period. Then the voltage at the output of the LEDs of each channel (6) ToJ + UcMi-Kr-To (5), 46) Using the expression (2, you can write the following expression for the temperature Tesi of the radiation entering the receiving horn of the antenna system UcAi-UCAi -,; Thus, from consideration, the principle of operation of a three-channel modulation radiometer follows that, in addition to the basic information on temperature T. , - the radiation received by the horns of the antenna system coming from the first analog-digital converter, the proposed device. allows for the continuous calibration of every channel p, i.e.; To improve the accuracy of determining the value and control the correctness of the functioning of each channel. Moreover, the channel calibration information is received from the second analog-to-digital converter, the command block provides control signals to the corresponding radiometer elements for a given sequence. The block of commands works as follows. The reference generator of 28 pulses generates a sequence of pulses and a high stability of their repetition period T ,. The generator 28 is synchronized with the data transmission equipment, however, this connection is not shown, since it is not essential for the task. The pulse from the generator 28 is fed to the input of the first counter 29 with the conversion factor Zp, the outputs of the triggers forming the first counter 29 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first decoder 31. The first decoder is designed in such a way that vi time G-, the arrival of the first pulses (Tj,) at the input of the first counter 29, the signal at the first output of the first decoder correspond to a logical one, and at the time of the arrival of the remaining pulses - the signal corresponds to a logical zero (n). At the second output of the first decoder, at the time of arrival of the first n pulses, the signal corresponds to a logical zero, at the time of 2 arrivals of the next n pulses, the signal corresponds to a logical one, and at the arrival time of the remaining pulses, the signal corresponds to a logical zero. Similarly, at the third output of the first decoder, the signal corresponds to a logical one only at time tj (FIG. 6), for the rest of the time, the signal responds to a logical zero. The time intervals, y,, 3 for each of which one measurement is made and one calibration is separated from each other by pauses of duration n. A pause is necessary in order to ensure the possibility of separating information from different radiometric channels. The numerical value of these parameters, for example, is equal to :, n 7; From the output of the first counter and mslsy with a frequency of 3 times smaller than on. yhode, go to the second account. chik The outputs of the triggers that make up this counter are connected to the corresponding Wu10 inputs of the second decoder jj which, on the first output, provides the signal corresponding to the logical unit at time Q (FIG. 6) when the second impulse arrives at the input of the second counter, at the second output the signal corresponding to the logical unit at the time of H2 when the second impulse arrives at the input of the second impulse, Counters and decoders are made according to standard schemes. The first and second inputs of the first element I40 are connected to the third and first outputs of the first, respectively, and the second decoder, which ensures that the output of the first element I is the output of the command block, the signal of the current logical unit in the iTI timeframe of the first period (FIG. b). This signal ensures that the first channel noise generator is turned on:; At the output of the second element And, in | l to tsegos, by the third output of the ko-: Mand block, the signal corresponding to the logical unit is formed during tj of the first and second d periods (Fig. b) providing switching. modulating voltage switch; ; 25 of the first channel: To receive control signals of slow-switching switches, there are three channels in the command block, co. from the serially connected differentiating circuits 33-35 and the power amplifiers 36-38, the signal from the third output of the first diffuser is fed to the differentiating circuit 33, the output of which produces short pulses corresponding to the leading and trailing edges of the input signal. These pulses are amplified in power amplifier 36, the output of which is the second output of the command block, and is fed to the slow-acting switch 10 of the first radiometric channel 2 (FIG. 1). At the beginning of the interval tj, a positive polarity pulse arriving at the catuip, the control re-modulates the cardiac MDK / 10 to a state at which 1m; the standard signal sig-j passes through the MCK output: Nal through the noise generator circuit 13 - at- ;. ; generator 11. After the end of the interval, a negative polarity pulse reversal the core of the MDC in the opposite state, in which the signal from the antenna of system 1 passes to the output of the MDK. : Similar switching VDK not tre. It drives a constant feed into the coil. direct current and that caMtm reduces the power consumption of the npM6cpoi4. The control signals of the second and third radiometric channels are generated at the outputs of the command block in a logical manner. Signals from the outputs of the first decoder, VL Kadihs, as well as the outputs of the command block, are respectively transmitted at time points t2 and C to the first 6 and second 7 switches, providing connection to the device outputs defined by radiometric channels (Fig. 6). . Low-pass filtering of the output signal is carried out with. using FIJJtpa Chebyshev. the third order ensures sufficient suppression of noise at the frequency btaue w. A schematic diagram of the filter is shown in FIG. H. . A: A low-pass filter consists of two series-connected links of the first and second order. The used version of the first-order link assembled. on the operational; amplifier 46 and elements 48, 49, and 54 are caused by the need to match it with a relatively small input with | Resistance from the following Even. The second-order link is a Corfacial amplifier 47 and the elements 5053, 55 and 56) is an oscillatory; a link using a small gain of the active element. Moreover, in order to increase the stability of the gain of this link, an operational amplifier is used, covered (but inverted by the input) by negative feedback (resistors 52 to 53). Taking into account the constraints imposed on the amplitude of the pulsations (€ 1/2) a1ampl | tudno-frequency response in the sexual transmission (Of w 2j7) coefficient-. The transfer filter filter K (i) is determined from the ratio of m -Nt - (- t. The circuit parameters are calculated using the well-known method of cascade synthesis of Chebyshev filters. The distance between the receiving horns of the antenna system is selected on the basis of the relation (1). So, for example, in the case of a discrete viewing mode, with, 2, the aperture diameter of the antenna reflector mm, the focal length of the antenna reflector P 181mm the angle of deviation of the main axis of the antenna reflector from the frame 40 ° and the wavelength of the received radiation mm Ы5 "15.0 mm; B2177 ml In the case of a quasi-continuous review, in which there are no gaps in the information about the underlying surface and therefore the accuracy of remote sensing is increased, the value of the coefficient C included in formula (1) must be at least three (C / / 3). The use of the proposed object makes it possible to reduce the error in determining the absolute value of antenna temperatures over the entire range of their changes (for example, from 100 to due to an increase in the accuracy of calibrations to 0.2-0.3 K. Claim 1. A device for remote sensing of the environment, containing an antenna system and three radio metric channels, each of which is made in the form of a modulating voltage generator, a local oscillator, an automatic gain control and sequentially connected slow acting switch, high speed switch, first mixer mixer, intermediate frequency amplifier quadratic detector, a low-frequency amplifier, a synchronous detector and a low-frequency filter; it is connected to the voltage controlled kntsemu fast switch entry whose second input. the thermal load is connected, the input of the automatic gain controller is connected to the output of the low-frequency amplifier, the output of the automatic gain controller is connected to the control input of the intermediate frequency amplifier, and the output of the local oscillator is connected to the second input of the mixer, characterized in that account of simultaneous measurement and calibration, a block of commands is entered into it, the first and third switches, the antenna system is made in the form of a parabolic reflector and three irradiators installed in the focal plane of the reflector and connected by waveguide paths to the inputs of the respective radiometric channels, in each of which series-connected noise generator, the second gate and attenuator, the output of which is connected to the second input of the slow-acting switch, and the series-connected switch of modulating voltage and an inverter whose output is connected to the second output of a modulating voltage switch and to a control input of a synchronous detector At. By this control, the inputs of the noise generator, the slow switch of the switch and the switch modulate each voltage of the radiometric channel connected to the outputs of the command block, the tenth output of the command block is connected to the first control input of the first switch and the second control input of the second switch, the eleventh output of the command block is connected to the second control input of the first switch and the third control input of the second switch, the twelfth output of the command block is connected to the third control the first switch and the first control input of the second co-iviator, and the filter output of the low part of each radiometric channel is connected to the corresponding second input of the first and second switches. 2 The device according to P. 1, that is, so that the command block is designed as a serially connected reference pulse generator, first and second counters, first and second decoders, three amplifying channels consisting of a differentiating circuit and an amplifier 1 the inverter, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth elements And, while the outputs of the first counter are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first decoder, the outputs of the second counter are connected to the corresponding inputs of the second decoder, the first output of the first the decoder is connected to the first inputs of the third and fourth elements I and to the input of the second amplifying channel, the second output of the first decoder is connected to the first inputs of the fifth and sixth elements I and to the input of the third amplifier channel, the third output of the first decoder is connected to the first inputs of the first and second elements And to the input of the first amplifying channel, the first output of the second decoder is connected to the second inputs of the first, third and fifth elements And, the second output of the second decoder is connected to the input of the inverter, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the second fourth and sixth elements I. 3 The device according to claim. , that is, with the fact that the low frequency power is made in the form of the first and second operational amplifiers / serially connected first, second, third and fourth resistors, the fifth and sixth resistors in series, the first, second and third capacitors, with the inverting input of the first operational amplifier connected to the connected first and second resistors, the output of the first operational amplifier connected to the connected second and third resistors, the first capacitor connected to the parallel no second "resistor, a fourth resistor output connected to the noninverting input of the second amplifier operatsionnogs and one of the fingers of the second capacitor, the second outlet of which is connected to ground, one outlet connected to a third capacitor connected to the third and fourth resistors, and the second outlet tert. ёgo; the capacitor is connected to the output of the second op amp and to the sixth resistor; the inverting input of the second op amp is connected; It is connected to the connected fifth and sixth resistors, and a free tap of the five resistor is connected to the common wire. 4, The device according to P. 1, that is, 14 e e so that the irradiators are made in the form of horns. Moreover, the reflector focus is located on the axis of one of the iJynopoBs, and the axes of the other two horns are distanced from the main axis of the antenna reflector, respectively, equal to 2 si-F-iqf- | “/ -DreitfUt jV where O is the diameter of the aperture of the antenna reflector; The focal length of the antenna reflector / deflection angle of the main axis of the antenna reflector from the nadir,. received radiation wavelength. . Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. Handbook of electronic systems. Ed. B. X. Krivitsky T. 2, M. , Energie, 1979, p. 198.

2. Basharinov, LB, Gurvich, AS, Egbrov, S.T. Radio emission of the Earth Kai planet. M., Science, 1974, p. .134139 (1HTOTYPE).

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