SU964359A1

SU964359A1 - Apparatus for monitoring and controlling gaseous heat generating set

Info

Publication number: SU964359A1
Application number: SU813264366A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Экрам Абульфас оглы Исмиев
Original assignee: За витель
Priority date: 1981-03-20
Filing date: 1981-03-20
Publication date: 1982-10-07

Description

Изобретение относится к теплоэнергетике, в частности к автоматизации контроля топочного процесса газового агрегата.The invention relates to a power system, in particular to automation of the control of the combustion process of a gas unit.

Известно устройство для контроля и регулирования газового теплоагрегата, содержащее · мембранный клапан с запорным органом и двумя полостями, одна из которых соединена с атмосферой, а другая, загерметизированная - с датчиками топочного процесса, причем магистраль подачи газа, на которой установлен мембранный клапан, соединена с горелкой и запальником [1].A device for controlling and regulating a gas heat generator is known, comprising a membrane valve with a shut-off element and two cavities, one of which is connected to the atmosphere, and the other, sealed, to the sensors of the combustion process, the gas supply line on which the membrane valve is mounted is connected to burner and pilot light [1].

Однако известное устройство недостаточно надежно.However, the known device is not reliable enough.

Цель изобретения — повышение надежности устройства.The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the device.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что устройство дополнительно содержит мембранный клапан, включенный параллельно первому, и имеет два дросселя, загерметизированную и дополнительную полости, последняя из которых связана через первый дроссель с горелкой и через второй дроссель - с загермети2 зированной полостью второго клапана, а последняя — с датчиками.This goal is achieved by the fact that the device additionally contains a membrane valve connected in parallel with the first and has two chokes, a sealed and an additional cavity, the last of which is connected through the first choke to the burner and through the second choke to the sealed cavity of the second valve, and the last with sensors.

На чертеже приведена конструктивная схема устройства.The drawing shows a structural diagram of the device.

Устройство содержит исполнительный орган, ⁵ собранный из корпусных шайб 1—5, между которыми зажаты две прокладки 6 и 7 и две мембраны 8 и 9, при этом образованы полости 10-15. Полости 11 и 14 сообщаются с атмосферой через окна 16 и 17. Полость 10 сообщается с полостью 12 через гидродроссель 18, установленный в канале 19. Полость 10 одновременно через импульсную трубку 20 соединена с соплами 21 и 22 датчиков пламени и тяги, имеющими биметаллические заслонки 23 и 24, которые в свою очередь через гидродроссель 25 сообщаются с полостью 15.The device contains an actuator ⁵ assembled from case washers 1-5, between which two gaskets 6 and 7 and two membranes 8 and 9 are clamped, and cavities 10-15 are formed. The cavities 11 and 14 communicate with the atmosphere through the windows 16 and 17. The cavity 10 communicates with the cavity 12 through a hydraulic throttle 18 installed in the channel 19. The cavity 10 is simultaneously connected through the impulse tube 20 to the nozzles 21 and 22 of the flame and traction sensors having bimetallic valves 23 and 24, which, in turn, are connected to the cavity 15 through the hydraulic throttle 25.

На входном канале 26 исполнительного органа установлены два обратных клапана номинального 27 и малого 28 режимов с пружинами 29 и 30 и седлами 31 и 32. причем клапан 28 малого режима помещен в стакан 33 с окнами 34. Клапаны номинального и малого режимов через штоки 35 и 36 и плавающие тарелки 37 и 38 жестко связаны с мембранами 8 и 9. Штоки уплотняют прокладками 39 и 40, зажатыми втулками 41 иTwo non-return valves of nominal 27 and small 28 modes with springs 29 and 30 and seats 31 and 32 are installed on the input channel 26 of the executive body. Moreover, the small-mode valve 28 is placed in a glass 33 with windows 34. Nominal and small-mode valves through stems 35 and 36 and floating plates 37 and 38 are rigidly connected to the membranes 8 and 9. The rods are sealed with gaskets 39 and 40, clamped by the bushings 41 and

42.42.

Полость 15 через импульсную трубку 43 соединена с соплами 44 и 45 дилатометрических датчиков 46 и 47 с дренажными отверстиями 48 и 49, причем один из дилатометрических датчиков установлен в теплоносителе 50, а второй - непосредственно в отапливаемом помещении. Вход исполнительного органа через канал 51, полость 52 с соплом 53 и канал 54 сообщается с полостью 13, причем полость 52 загерметизирована мембраной 55, над которой образована вторая полость 56, сообщающаяся с атмосферой, в которой помещена заслонка 57 с пружиной 58, жестко связанная с пусковым рычагом 59. Полость 12 соединена через калибровочное отверстие 60 с выходом 61 исполнительного органа, к которому через запорный кран 62 подключена горелка 63 теплотехнического агрегата с дымоотводящим узлом 64. Горелка находится в огневой связи с запальником 65, подключенным газопроводом 66 к полости 12.The cavity 15 through the impulse tube 43 is connected to the nozzles 44 and 45 of the dilatometric sensors 46 and 47 with drainage holes 48 and 49, with one of the dilatometric sensors installed in the coolant 50, and the second directly in a heated room. The input of the executive body through the channel 51, the cavity 52 with the nozzle 53 and the channel 54 communicates with the cavity 13, and the cavity 52 is sealed with a membrane 55, over which a second cavity 56 is formed, communicating with the atmosphere, in which the shutter 57 with the spring 58 is placed, rigidly connected with the trigger lever 59. The cavity 12 is connected through a calibration hole 60 with the output 61 of the Executive body, to which through the shut-off valve 62 is connected a burner 63 of the heat engineering unit with a smoke exhaust unit 64. The burner is in fire communication with the igniter 65, under the gas line 66 to the cavity 12.

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

В исходном состоянии сопло 53 закрыто подпружиненной заслонкой 57, закрыты также седла 31 и 32 подпружиненными клапанами и газ со входа 26 на выход 61 не поступает.In the initial state, the nozzle 53 is closed by a spring-loaded damper 57, the seats 31 and 32 are also closed by spring-loaded valves, and gas does not flow from inlet 26 to outlet 61.

При пуске кран 62 должен быть закрыт, так как сечение сопла 53 рассчитано на работу только запальника 65; в противном елучае разжечь запальник и подогреть биметаллическую заслонку 23 не удастся, что и обеспечивает самоконтроль положения запорного крана 62 перед горелкой, исключающий работу газового аппарата с отключенной автоматикой.At start-up, the valve 62 must be closed, since the nozzle section 53 is designed to operate only the igniter 65; otherwise, ignite the igniter and heat up the bimetallic shutter 23 will not succeed, which provides self-control of the position of the shut-off valve 62 in front of the burner, which excludes the operation of the gas apparatus with the automatics switched off.

При воздействии на рычаг 59 подпружиненная заслонка 57 отходит вверх, освобождая мембрану 55, и газ через канал 51, полость 52, сопло 53 и канал 54 с входа 26 поступает в полость 13 и на выход 61, а так как кран 62 закрыт, то через калибровочное отверстие 60 газ поступает в полость 12 и через газопровод 66 на запальник 65, который зажигают. От нагрева пламени запальника биметаллическая заслонка 23, деформируясь, закрывает сопло 21, а так как сопло 22 нормально закрыто, то в импульсной трубке 20 и в полости 10 давление газа возрастает до входного значения за счет натекания из полости 12 через гидродросседь 18 и . канал 19. Мембрана 9 через тарелку 38 и шток 36 отводит клапан 28 от седла 32 й газ, минуя пусковую кнопку, продолжает поступать к запальнику и в полость 10, поддерживая достигнутое пусковое состояние автоматики. Поэтому с этого момента рычаг пуска 59 можно освободить. Одновременно газ из им5 пульсной трубки 20 через гидродроссель 25 натекает в полость 15, и если сопла 44 и 45 датчиков температуры закрыты, что обычно имеет место перед пуском агрегата, то в полости 15 давление также возрастает, что приводит аналогично описанному выше, к открытию седла 31 клапана 27 номинального режима. После этого, открыв кран 62, подают газ на горелку 68, которая воспламеняется от запальника. Таким образом , реализуется пуск автоматизированного газового агрегата. Свободно плавающие тарелки 37 и 38 и свободно перемещающаяся центральная часть прокладок 39 и 40, которые зажаты втулками 41 и 42 только, по краям, исключают перекос штоков 35 и 36, что облегчает сборку и наладку устройства, а также обеспечивает высокую чувствительность исполнительного органа. Кроме того повышаются надежность и долговечность устройства.When acting on the lever 59, the spring-loaded shutter 57 moves upward, releasing the membrane 55, and gas through the channel 51, cavity 52, nozzle 53 and channel 54 from the inlet 26 enters the cavity 13 and exit 61, and since the valve 62 is closed, then the calibration hole 60, gas enters the cavity 12 and through the gas line 66 to the igniter 65, which ignite. From heating the ignition flame, the bimetallic shutter 23, deforming, closes the nozzle 21, and since the nozzle 22 is normally closed, the gas pressure in the impulse tube 20 and in the cavity 10 increases to the input value due to leakage from the cavity 12 through the hydroseed 18 and. channel 19. The membrane 9 through the plate 38 and the stem 36 diverts the valve 28 from the seat 32nd gas, bypassing the start button, continues to flow to the igniter and into the cavity 10, maintaining the achieved starting state of automation. Therefore, from this moment on, the start lever 59 can be released. At the same time, gas from the pulse tube 20 through the hydraulic inductor 25 flows into the cavity 15, and if the nozzles 44 and 45 of the temperature sensors are closed, which usually takes place before starting the unit, then the pressure in the cavity 15 also increases, which leads, similarly to that described above, to open the seat 31 valves 27 rated mode. After that, by opening the valve 62, gas is supplied to the burner 68, which ignites from the igniter. Thus, the launch of an automated gas unit is implemented. Freely floating plates 37 and 38 and a freely moving central part of the gaskets 39 and 40, which are clamped by the bushings 41 and 42 only at the edges, exclude the misalignment of the rods 35 and 36, which facilitates assembly and commissioning of the device, and also provides high sensitivity of the actuator. In addition, the reliability and durability of the device are increased.

При открытии сопла одного из дилатометрических датчиков 46 и 47 температуры с достижением температуры теплоносителя либо отапливаемого помещения заданного значения давление в полости 15 падает за счет сброса jq газа через сопло 44 либо 45 и дренажное отверстие 48 либо 49 в канал эвакуации газа (не показан) и клапан 27 закрывает седло 31 под действием пружины 29. Так как седло 32 при этом остается открытым, то запальник 65 продолжает нормально работать, а горелка 63 переходит на малый режим работы вследствие ограничения подачи газа к ней калибровочным отверстием 60. С закрытием сопла датчика температуры при снижении регулируемой температуры ниже заданного значения давление в полости 15 вновь возрастает и клапан 27, открыв седло 31, переводит горелку 63 на номинальный режим работы. Таким образом реализуется поддержание регулируемой температуры вблизи заданного значения.When the nozzle of one of the dilatometric temperature sensors 46 and 47 is opened, when the temperature of the coolant or the heated room reaches the set value, the pressure in the cavity 15 drops due to the discharge of jq gas through the nozzle 44 or 45 and the drain hole 48 or 49 into the gas evacuation channel (not shown) and the valve 27 closes the seat 31 under the action of the spring 29. Since the seat 32 remains open, the ignitor 65 continues to operate normally, and the burner 63 switches to a small mode of operation due to the restriction of the gas supply to it by the calibration ERSTU 60. With the closing of the nozzle with a temperature sensor controlled temperature decrease below a predetermined value the pressure in chamber 15 increases again and the valve 27 by opening the seat 31, the burner 63 converts the rated operation mode. Thus, maintaining a controlled temperature near the set value is realized.

При случайном погасании пламени либо нарушении тяги заслонка 23 или 24 соответствующего сопла 21 или 22 открывается, так как происходит изменение температурных ре⁵⁰ жимов работы биметаллической заслбнки: при погасании пламени биметаллическая заслонка 23 охлаждается, а при нарушении тяги биметиллическая пластина 24 нагревается от направляющихся на нее продуктов сгорания газа. Это приводит к резкому падению давления газа в полостях 10 и 15 оба клапана 27' и 28, закрыв свои седла, полностью прекращают подачу газа на выход исполнительного органа. Работа газового агрегата прекращается, обеспечивая безопасность эксплуатации.In case of accidental extinction of the flame or violation of the throttle, the flap 23 or 24 of the corresponding nozzle 21 or 22 opens, since the temperature regimes of the ⁵⁰ operating modes of the bimetallic damper change: when the flame is extinguished, the bimetallic damper 23 cools, and when the throttle is violated, the bimetallic plate 24 heats up from those directed to it gas combustion products. This leads to a sharp drop in gas pressure in the cavities 10 and 15, both valves 27 'and 28, having closed their seats, completely stop the gas supply to the outlet of the actuator. The operation of the gas unit is terminated, ensuring safe operation.

Число контролируемых и регулируемых параметров предлагаемого устройства может быть увеличено без ограничения добавлением S соответствующего датчика типа ’’сопло-заслонка”.The number of monitored and adjustable parameters of the proposed device can be increased without limitation by adding S of the corresponding sensor type ’’ nozzle-damper ”.

Claims

The invention relates to a power system, in particular to the automation of the control of the combustion process of a gas unit. A device for monitoring and regulating a gas heat unit is known, which contains a diaphragm valve with a shut-off valve and two cavities, one of which is connected to the atmosphere and the other is sealed to furnace sensors, and the gas supply line on which the diaphragm valve is installed is connected with a burner and igniter C. However, the known device is not sufficiently reliable. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the device. The goal is achieved in that the device additionally contains a diaphragm valve connected in parallel to the first and has two throttles, a sealed and an additional cavity, the last of which is connected through the first choke to the burner and through the second choke to the sealed cavity of the second valve, and the last to by sensors. The drawing shows the structural diagram of the device. The device contains an actuator assembled from case washers 1-5, between which two gaskets 6 and 7 and two membranes 8 and 9 are clamped, with cavities 10-15 being formed. Cavities 11 and 14 communicate with the atmosphere through windows 16 and 17. Cavity 10 communicates with cavity 12 through a hydrothrottle 18 mounted in channel 19. At the same time, cavity 10 is connected through impulse pipe 20 to nozzles 21 and 22 of flame sensors and rods having bimetallic valves. 23 and 24, which in turn, via the hydrothrottle 25, communicate with the cavity 15. On the inlet channel 26 of the executive body there are two check valves of nominal 27 and small 28 modes with springs 29 and 30 and seats 31 and 32, with the small mode valve 28 placed in a glass of 33-o 34. Valves of nominal and small modes through rods 35 and 36 and floating plates 37 and 38 are rigidly connected to membranes 8 and 9. Rods are sealed with gaskets 39 and 40 clamped by sleeves 41 and .42. The cavity 15 is connected via a pulse tube 43 to the nozzles 44 and 45 of the dilatometric sensors 46 and 47 with drainage holes 48 and 49, with one of the dilatation sensors being installed in the heat carrier 50, and the second directly in the heated room. The inlet of the actuator through caial 51, cavity 52 with nozzle 53 and to valve 54 communicates with cavity 13, the cavity 52 being sealed with a membrane 55 above which a second cavity 56 is formed, in communication with the atmosphere in which damper 57 is placed with a spring 58, rigidly connected to the starting lever 59. The cavity 12 is connected through a calibration hole 60 to the outlet 61 of the executive body, to which the burner 63 of the heat engineering unit is connected to the smoke extraction unit 64 via a stopcock valve 62. The burner is in fire communication with a pilot light 65 under for prison pipeline 66 to the cavity apparatus 1 operates as follows. In the initial state, the nozzle 53 is a spring-loaded damper 57, the seats 31 and 32 are also loaded with spring-loaded valves and the gas from inlet 26 and outlet 61 does not flow. At start-up, the valve 62 must be closed, since the cross section of the nozzle 53 is designed to operate only the pilot light 65; in P | K1A case, the igniter ignites and the bimetallic backbone 23 does not succeed, which ensures self-control of the position of the stop valve 62 in front of the burner, precluding the operation of the gas apparatus with the automatic disconnected. When acting on the lever 59 is spring loaded on the valve 57 moves up, freeing the membrane 55, and the gas through the channel 51, the cavity 52, the nozzle 53 and the channel 54 from the input 26 enters the cavity 13 and the output 61, and since the valve 62 is closed, through the calibration hole 60, the gas enters the cavity 12 and through the gas line 66 to the igniter 65, which is ignited. The bimetallic damper 23 closes the nozzle 21 from the heating of the flame w the igniter, and since the nozzle 22 is normally closed, the gas pressure in the impulse tube 20 and in the cavity 10 increases to the input value due to leakage from the cavity 12 through pvdrodross1} 18 and channel 19. The membrane 9 through the plate 38 and the rod 36 removes the valve 28 from the sedd 32 and the gas, the start button, continues to flow to the igniter and into the cavity 10, maintaining the achieved starting state of the automation. Therefore, from this point on, start lever 59 can be released. At the same time, the gas from the impulse tube 20 through the guide {throttle 25 flows into the cavity 15, and if the nozzles 44 and 45 of the temperature sensors are closed, which usually takes place before the start of the unit, then in the cavity 15 the pressure also increases, which leads, as described above, to opening seat 31 of the valve 27 nominal mode. Thereafter, by opening the valve 62, gas is supplied to the burner 68, which ignites from the igniter. Thus, the launch of the automated gas unit is realized. Free-floating plates 37 and 38 and free moving from the central part of the gaskets 39 and 40, which are clamped by the sleeves 41 and 42 only along the edges, eliminate the bias of the rods 35 and 36, which facilitates the assembly and adjustment of the device, as well as provides a high sensitivity of the executive body. In addition, the reliability and durability of the device is increased. When the nozzle of one of the dilatometric temperature sensors 46 and 47 is opened, when the temperature of the heat carrier or the heated room reaches a predetermined value, the pressure in cavity 15 drops due to gas discharge through the nozzle 44 or 45 and the drainage hole 48 or 49 into the pelvic evacuation channel (not shown) and the valve 27 closes the saddle 31 under the action of the spring 29. Since the saddle 32 remains open at this time, the igniter 65 continues to operate normally, and the burner 63 switches to a small mode of operation due to the limited supply of hectares: Verstov temperature sensor 60. With the nozzle closing snizhenin at controlled temperature below a predetermined value the pressure in chamber 15 increases again and the valve 27 by opening the seat 31, the burner 63 converts the rated operation mode. Thus, the controlled temperature is maintained near the set value. In case of accidental extinction of the flame or violation of the valve grip 23 or 24, respectively. The following nozzles 21 or 22 open as the temperature variation of the bimetallic slab occurs: when the flame extinguishes, the bimetallic damper 23 cools, and if a violation occurs, the bi-metallic plate 24 heats up from the gas combustion products that go to it. This leads to a sharp drop in gas pressure in space 10 and 15, both valves 27 and 28, shut their seats, completely shut off the gas supply to the outlet of the actuator. The operation of the gas unit is terminated, ensuring the safety of operation. The controlled parameters of the proposed device can be increased without limiting the addition of an appropriate sensor such as a nozzle-damper. Formula of the Invention A device for controlling and regulating a gas heat generating unit containing a membrane valve with a locking member on two cavities, one of which is connected with the atmosphere and the other sealed - with sensors of the flue process, the gas supply line, on which the diaphragm valve is installed, is connected to the burner and igniter, distinguishing In order to improve reliability, it contains an additional diaphragm valve connected in parallel to the first, but it has two throttles, a sealed and an additional cavity, the latter of which is connected through the first choke to the burner and through the second choke to the sealed cavity of the second valve, and last - with sensors. Sources of information taken into account when examining 1. USSR author's certificate N 3809.1, cl. F 23 N 5/04, 1970.

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