SU958924A1 - Rice grain checking quality method - Google Patents

Description

(54) METHODS FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF RICE GRAINS

The invention relates to optical methods for monitoring grain quality and is intended for the objective identification of gluten-like and powdery rice grains and can be used in grain storage and processing plants, as well as in agriculture. There are known ways to control the quality of grain: chemical, using the effect of coloring grains, and organoleptic, based on a visual assessment of the external cross-sectional view of grain 1. However, these methods are long and because of a subjective nature are not accurate enough. The closest to the invention according to the technical essence is a method of controlling the quality of rice grains by their gluteninous and powdery properties, involving irradiating the sample being analyzed and measuring values with transmittance and reflectivity with the subsequent establishment of ratios of measured values. This method uses the infrared part of the spectrum with a wavelength of 0.9-1.3 μm2. However, since the simultaneous determination of the transmittance and reflectivity of the grain is carried out in the same spectral range, the reflectivity of gluten-like and mealy rice grains in the infrared parts of the spectrum are identical, the identification accuracy of these grains is relatively small. The aim of the invention is to increase accuracy. This goal is achieved by the fact that when implementing the method of controlling the quality of rice grains by their gluten-containing and powdery nature, which involves irradiating the sample being analyzed and measuring the transmittance and reflectivity values and then establishing the ratios of the measured values, the transmittance value is measured in the infrared spectrum at a wavelength 0,83-0,88 microns, and the reflection - in the visible region of the spectrum at a wavelength of 0.4-0.55 microns. The data presented are determined by the maximum differences in the optical properties of glutenose and powdery grains in the indicated spectral regions. In particular, in the infrared region of the spectrum in the wavelength range of 0.83–0.88 µm, gluten-like grains have a higher transmittance than powdery ones, but in the visible region more intensely reflect radiation with a wavelength of 0.4–0.55 µm. compared to glutenose. The drawing shows graphs of the reflectivity and transmittance of the wavelength.

The maximum ratio of these is 21. 16 -OR

PM

one,.

indicators d

8T: 9

Consequently, the considered indicators n, determined by a known method, are comparable. If, however, we also take into account the fact that when measuring small values of transmission capacity (... 10 / o), the absolute error of determination is at least 2-3%, then the practical ratio () is fixed.

Chivo and comparability of values of n ;, and p

P1

ch no e. -5 2; K - 1.

Contrast Pgl1gl

As a result, and taking into account the "noise" characteristic of photoelectric methods, the instrumental differentiation of glutinous and powdery grains can be erroneously performed.

When determining glutenous and powdery grains according to the proposed method, the measurement of the transmittance is produced in the infrared part of the spectrum in the wavelength range 0.83-0.88 µm, and the reflectivity in the visible part of the spectrum in the wavelength range 0.4-0.55 um In this case, for the gluten free grains of Pr1

   () 0.39 ... 0.23, and for powdery, respectively, PM -s (...) 0.067 ... 0.058. The ratio of these indicators, as determined by this method, is (- –f th ... 4.

Thus, when determining glutenous and powdery grains of rice according to the proposed method, the differences in the ratio (n) increase more than 3 times in comparison with the known method, which excludes the likelihood of an error of objective identification.

The essence of the proposed method is as follows.

Rice grains are extracted from glued grains remaining after determination of filthiness (from two weights, each 5 g), to determine glutenose and mealy. Then at one of the spectral wavelengths

0 range 0.83-0.88 microns determine the transmittance (T) of these grains and at a certain length of the spectral range of 0.4-0.55 microns - their reflective (R) ability. To determine T and R, you can use any serial

5 A photometer (spectrophotometer) designed to determine the transmittance and reflection coefficients of coarse light scattering objects in visible and short-wave infrared radiation. After that, for each group of grains being studied, the ratio of the transmittance to the reflective n is determined and, for the larger value of n, the glutaeous grains are identified, and at least the mealy, i.e., nj. .

5 Example Using a photometer FMSh 56 and with an integrating sphere in accordance with its standard technique, at a fixed wavelength of 0.83 μm, the transmittance (T) and a wavelength of 0.5 μm are determined — the reflective (R) capabilities of the rice grain groups studied . In particular, for grains of one group T | 10.2 ° / o, R, 370/0 and the ratio of these optical characteristics. , 0.276.

Similarly, for other identifiable grains, k) t T, 4%, Rg 650 / d,

2% 0061.

Claims (2)

Since the grains of the first group are characterized by a larger value (n,), if the rice grains are identified by a known method, i.e. with respect to the reflector (R), the transmittance to the transmittance (T) determined in the infrared part of the spectrum with a wavelength of 0 , 9-1.3 microns, then the ratio of these values (L, is for glutinozny fe (t; g;;) o; 8; 8; 9; 9, -a for mealy - n 45 (;; | f Г ) 21; 19; 18; 17; 16. The results are presented in the table. Neither their transmittance (T,) ability to reflect (Ri), they are identified as gluteninous, and the grains, which The eye corresponds to a smaller value of this ratio - P2, therefore, corresponds to a powdery one. The choice in this method of the indicated wavelengths is due to the fact that the region of greatest differences in transmittance between the gluten-like and powdery grains falls on the infrared part of the spectrum. , AT - transmittance in the wavelength intervalL 0.9-1.3 microns (as in the known technical solution) is less than in the interval L. 0,83-0,88 microns. This is due to the fact that at points L 0.83 µm is a local minimum (Tmin) for powdery grains, and X 0.88 µm is the maximum transmittance for glutinoic grains (Ttah) - And since for maximum identification accuracy grains of different quality should use a maximum of differences in information carrier (in this case - optical properties) about their quality, in this case it is necessary to use the area corresponding to the difference (Tmay-Tmin) in this case, i.e. points A 0.83 .mu.m and 0.88 .mu.m. The reflectivity (R) is impractical to use in the IR spectrum to identify grains, since (as can be seen from the graphs and tables) in this case the differences in reflectivity between glutenose and powdery grains are very small and are at the level of the so-called schuma. Therefore, to assess the quality of rice on the reflectivity should use the visible region of the spectrum. The choice of point A 0.4 µm is justified by the fact that to the left, i.e., in the near ultraviolet (UV) region of the spectrum, there is a sharp decrease in the values of R for both mealy and glutinous rice grains and, of course, sharply decreases. and A R. To the right of point A 0.55 µm, there is also a sharp decrease in differences in R for powdery and glutinoic grains, since point A. 0.55 µm is the breaking point of the graph of the R f (X) for powdery grains. In particular, for L. 0.55 μm, the value of RM-Rrji is 67–45 22 μm, and already at 0.6 μm, the AR value (, g 76–60 16 μm, the relative difference in control accuracy is 1.4, which is obvious. In this case, therefore, it is the spectral intervals of 0.4-0.55 µm and 0.83-0.88 µm that are reasonable reasonable areas for identifying glutenous and powdery rice grains. This method of determining glutenous and powdery rice grains is characterized by high resolution ability, since the difference in the values of n / P1 Pg / reaches 5 times the magnitude. For the considered example it has It is 4.5. This eliminates the likelihood of identification and provides maximum accuracy in determining the quality of rice grains. The proposed method does not require the development of special unique instruments, is implemented on the basis of serial common industrial photometers (spectrophotometers) and allows an increase in the accuracy of control by 20 times. The method of controlling the quality of rice grains according to their gluten content and powderyness, which involves irradiating the sample being analyzed and measuring the transmittance and reflectance values followed by the establishment of the ratio of the measured values, characterized in that, in order to improve accuracy, the transmittance is measured in the infrared region of the spectrum at a wavelength of 0.83-0.88 µm, and the reflectivity in the visible region of the spectrum at a wavelength of 0 , 4-0,55 microns. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Grains, legumes and oilseeds. M., Standartizdat, 1980, p. 297. 2. USSR author's certificate number 431431, cl. G 01 N 21/34, 1972.