SU957229A1

SU957229A1 - Function converter

Info

Publication number: SU957229A1
Application number: SU813251795A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Павлович Кузьменко
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я Х-5737
Priority date: 1981-02-23
Filing date: 1981-02-23
Publication date: 1982-09-07

Description

Изобретение относится к аналоговой вычислительной технике и может быть использовано для нелинейных преобразований мгновенных значений chi— налов.The invention relates to analog computing technology and can be used for non-linear transformations of instantaneous values of chi-cams.

Известен функциональный преобразо- ⁵ватель, использующий презиционные ограничители на операционных усилителях [1].A functional converter ⁵ is known that uses gradual limiters on operational amplifiers [1].

Недостатки устройства - большая сложность и высокая стоимость.The disadvantages of the device are great complexity and high cost.

Наиболее близким техническим решением к предлагаемому является функциональный преобразователь, содержащий η ограничителей на парах транзисторов_/|5в которых эмиттеры каждого транзистора соединены между собой через масштабный резистор, а также с шиной питания через соответствующие источники тока, причем базы первых транзисторов соеди-го йены с входом устройства [2j .The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a functional converter containing η limiters on pairs of transistors _{/ | 5} in which the emitters of each transistor are interconnected via a scale resistor, as well as to the power bus through appropriate current sources, and the bases of the first transistors are connected to device input [2j.

Для получения высокой точности необходимо хорошее согласование вольт•змчерных характеристик элементов пре2 образователя, что ухудшает технологичность его, даже в случае интегрального исполнения.To obtain high accuracy, good coordination of the volt • black characteristic characteristics of the pre2 converter elements is necessary, which impairs its manufacturability, even in the case of integral design.

Цель изобретения - упрощение и расширение класса воспроизводимых функций.The purpose of the invention is the simplification and expansion of the class of reproducible functions.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что в функциональный преобразователь, содержащий η ограничителей, каждый из которых состоит из первого и второго транзисторов, эмиттеры которых соединены между собой через соответствующие масштабные резисторы и с шиной питания через соответствующие источники тока, а базы первых транзисторов подключены к входной шине преобразователя, дополнительно введен резистивный делитель напряжения, причем база второго транзистора каждого ограничителя соединена с соответствующим выводом резистивного делителя напряжения, крайние выводы которого соединены с шиной опорного напряжения, коллекторы первого и второю грлнзисто3 957229 4 ров каждого ограничителя соединены соответственно с выходными шинами преобразователя.This goal is achieved by the fact that into a functional converter containing η limiters, each of which consists of the first and second transistors, the emitters of which are interconnected via the corresponding scale resistors and to the power bus through the corresponding current sources, and the bases of the first transistors are connected to the input bus converter, an additional resistive voltage divider is introduced, the base of the second transistor of each limiter connected to the corresponding output of the resistive divider voltage, the extreme conclusions of which are connected to the voltage reference bus, the collectors of the first and second mains 3 957 229 4 ditches of each limiter are connected respectively to the output buses of the converter.

На фиг. 1 приведена блок-схема функционального преобразователя; на фиг. 2 и 3 ~ передаточные характеристики отдельных каскадов и всего преобразователя соответственно.In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a functional converter; in FIG. 2 and 3 ~ transfer characteristics of individual stages and the entire converter, respectively.

Функциональный преобразователь содержит η ограничителей 1, коллекторные выводы которых подключены к выходным шинам 2, 3, а один из базовых выводов подключен к входной шине 4. К эмиттеру каждого транзистора 5, 6 подключен свой источник 7, 8 тока, 15 а между эмиттерами каждой пары тран? ^зисторов включен масштабный резистор 9· Источники тока через шину 10 подключаются к внешнему источнику на-, пряжения питания (на фиг. 1 не по- 20 _: казан) . Второй базовый вывод каждого транзисторного каскада подключен к одному из выводов резистивного'делителя 11 напряжения, который соединен с шиной 12 опорного напряжения. 2SThe functional converter contains η limiters 1, the collector terminals of which are connected to the output buses 2, 3, and one of the basic outputs is connected to the input bus 4. Each emitter of each transistor 5, 6 is connected to its own current source 7, 8, 15 and between the emitters of each pair trance? ^ of the resistors, a large-scale resistor 9 is turned on. · The current sources through the bus 10 are connected to an external power supply (in Fig. 1, not 20 _: shown). The second base terminal of each transistor stage is connected to one of the terminals of the resistive voltage divider 11, which is connected to the voltage reference bus 12. 2S

Функциональный преобразователь работает следующим образом.Functional Converter operates as follows.

При подаче на входную шину 5 входного напряжения дифференциальные токи транзисторных каскадов изменяются в 30 соответствии с их передаточными характеристиками 13» представленными на\ фиг. 2, где 14 - ось входных напряжений, а 15 - ось выходных токов. 'When an input voltage is applied to the input bus 5, the differential currents of the transistor cascades change in 30 in accordance with their transfer characteristics 13 "shown in Fig. 1. 2, where 14 is the axis of the input voltages, and 15 is the axis of the output currents. ''

Выходной ток всего преобразователя_J5представляет собой алгебраическую сумму всех выходных токов отдельных каскадов, поскольку их выходы объединены посредством шин 2, 3. Результат сложения передаточных характеристик 13. де представлен на фиг. 3 передаточной характеристикой 16 всего функционального преобразователя, из которой видно, что в предлагаемом преобразователе реализуется кусочно-линейная аппрок-45 симация функций. Для каждой из характеристик 13 наклон определяется мас штабным резистором 9» положение точек излома - величиной тока источников 7» 8 тока, а положение характеристики на оси 14 - величиной напряжения, подаваемого на второй базовый вход с делителя 11.The output current of the entire converter _J5 is the algebraic sum of all the output currents of the individual stages, since their outputs are combined via buses 2, 3. The result of adding the transfer characteristics 13. de is shown in FIG. 3 transfer characteristic 16 of the entire functional Converter, from which it can be seen that in the proposed Converter is implemented piecewise linear approximation-45 function simulation. For each of the characteristics 13, the slope is determined by a large-scale resistor 9 ”, the position of the break points — the current value of the current sources 7» 8, and the position of the characteristic on the axis 14 — the voltage supplied to the second basic input from the divider 11.

Указанные вариации характеристик позволяют создавать на однородной и простой элементной базе разнообразные функциональные преобразователи, например преобразователи тригонометрических функций, многопериодные преобразователи и т.д.These variations of characteristics allow you to create a variety of functional converters on a homogeneous and simple element base, for example, trigonometric function converters, multi-period converters, etc.

Claims

The invention relates to analog computing techniques and can be used for nonlinear transformations of instantaneous values of si-channels. A functional converter is known that uses pressure limiters on operational amplifiers l. The drawbacks of the device are great complexity and high cost. The closest technical solution to the proposed is a functional transducer containing n limiters on pairs of transistors in which the emitters of each transistor are connected to each other via a scale resistor, as well as to the power bus through appropriate current sources, the first transistors are connected to the device | ; 2. In order to obtain high accuracy, a good () matching of the volts is required. -IMieDHbix of the characteristics of the elements of the converter, which impairs its manufacturability, even in the case of integral performance. The purpose of the invention is to simplify and extend the class of reproducible functions. This goal is achieved by the fact that a functional converter contains n limiters, each of which consists of first and second transistors, the emitters of which are interconnected via corresponding large-scale resistors and connected to the power bus through appropriate current sources, and the bases of the first transistors are connected to the input bus converter, resistor voltage divider is additionally introduced, the base of the second transistor of each limiter is connected to the corresponding output of the resistive voltage divider on yarns, extreme terminals of Koropori) are connected to the reference bus, and the collectors of the first and 8T (.) r (v-iM3iu: The tops of each limiter are connected respectively to the output bus 1 "1 of the converter. FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a functional Fig. 2 and 3, the transfer characteristics of the individual stages and the entire converter, respectively, the functional converter contains n limiters 1, the collector outputs of which are connected to the output terminals 2, 3, and one of the basic outputs is connected to the input terminal. A separate current source 7, 8 is connected to the emitter of each transistor 5 6, and a large-scale resistor 9 is connected to the emitters of each pair of transistors. Current sources through bus 10 are connected to an external power supply source (Fig. 1 not shown: shown). ). The second basic terminal of each transistor cascade is connected to one of the terminals of the resistive voltage divider 11 which is connected to the reference voltage bus 12. The functional converter works in the following way. When applied to the input bus 5 of the input voltage, the differential currents of the transistor stages vary in accordance with their transmission characteristics 13, shown in FIG. 2, where T is the axis of the input voltages, and 15 is the axis of the output currents. The output current of the entire converter is the algebraic sum of all the output currents of the individual stages, since their outputs are combined by means of 2, 3. The result of the addition of the transfer characteristics 13 is shown in FIG. 3 by the transfer characteristic 16 of the total function of the ionic converter, from which it can be seen that in the proposed converter a piecewise linear approximation of functions is realized. For each of the characteristics 13, the slope is determined by the scale resistor 9, the position of the break points is the current value of the current sources 7, 8, and the position of the characteristic on the I axis is the voltage supplied to the second base input from the splitter 11. These variations of the characteristics allow to create on a homogeneous and simple element base various functional transducers, for example, generators of trigonometric functions, multi-period transducers, etc. The invention includes a functional converter containing n limiters, each of which consists of first and second transistors, the emitters of which are connected to each other through appropriate scale resistors and to the power bus through corresponding current sources, and the bases of the first transistors are connected to that, in order to simplify and understand the class of reproducible functions, a resistive voltage divider is introduced into it, and the base of the second transistor of each is limited is connected to a corresponding terminal of the resistive de1adtel voltage Reinach 1 terminals of which are connected to schinoy reference voltage, the collectors of the first and second transistors each respectively connected to the limiter vyxodny "1 converter. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Handbook of nonlinear circuits. Ed. D. Sheingold, M., Mir, 1977, p. 62.

2. US Patent No., cl. G 06 G 7/2, published. 1972 (prototype).