SU944041A1

SU944041A1 - Rotational speed regulator for dc electric motor

Info

Publication number: SU944041A1
Application number: SU803226698A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Аркадий Павлович Инешин; Виктор Федорович Мосягин; Игорь Артемович Макаров
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я А-3581
Priority date: 1980-12-24
Filing date: 1980-12-24
Publication date: 1982-07-15

Description

Изобретение относится к элекгротех^нике и может быть использовано в сисге·· мах стабилизации частоты вращения электродвигателей постоянного тока.The invention relates to electrical engineering ^It can be used in sysg ·· max stabilization of the rotational speed of DC motors.

Известен регулятор частоты вращения электродвигателя постоянного тока, содержащий транзис горный усилитель мощности в цепи обмотки возбуждения электродвигателя Г1].Known speed controller of a DC motor containing a transformer mining power amplifier in the excitation winding circuit of an electric motor G1].

Наиболее близким к предложенному ₁₀по технической сущности является регулятор, содержащий источник питания, подключенный, к якорной цепи электродвигателя, к положительному выводу которого через обмотку возбуждения электродвигателя, ,₅шунтированную диодом, подключен ключевой транзистор, шунтированный резистором, стабилитрон, датчик частоты вращения, соединенный с одним входом компаратора, второй вход которого 20 соединен с источником опорной частоты, а выход компаратора соединен с одним входом модулятора, второй вход которого соединен с источником опорной частоты, а выход соединен с базой ключевого транзистора С2].Closest to the proposed ₁₀ in technical essence is a regulator containing a power source connected to an anchor circuit of an electric motor, to the positive terminal of which, through a field winding of an electric motor, _5, shunted by a diode, a key transistor, shunted by a resistor, a zener diode, a speed sensor, connected with one input of the comparator, the second input of which 20 is connected to the source of the reference frequency, and the output of the comparator is connected to one input of the modulator, the second input of which is connected a source reference frequency, and an output connected to the base transistor R2].

Недостатком регулятора являются относительная сложность, повышенные потери мошносги на диодах и стабилитроне, непрерывно обтекаемых током обмотки возбуждения, повышенные требования к изоляции элементов регулятора.The disadvantage of the controller is the relative complexity, the increased loss of fraud on the diodes and the zener diode, continuously wound around the field current of the field winding, increased requirements for the isolation of the elements of the controller.

Цель изобретения - повышение надежности регулятора.The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the regulator.

Поставленная цель достигается гем, что в него дополнительно введен кондесатор, шунтирующий стабилитрон, а стабилитрон включен между эмиттером ключевого транзистора и отрицательным выводом источника питания.The goal is achieved by heme, that an additional capacitor is inserted into it, a shunt zener diode, and a zener diode is connected between the emitter of the key transistor and the negative output of the power source.

На чертеже представлена принципиальная схема регулятора частоты вращения электродвигателя постоянного тока.The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a speed controller of a DC motor.

К шинам I и 2 общего источника питания постоянного тока подключены паралельно цепь якоря 3 электродвигателя смешанного возбуждения и регулируемая цепь его обмотки 4 возбужде— ния, шунтированной диодом 5. Последо· вательно с обмоткой 4 включен ключевой транзистор 6, шунтированный резистором 7, а также , стабилитрон 8, ‘ шунтированный конденсатором 9, причем эти элементы включены между отрицательным выводом источника питания и эмиттером ключевого транзистора .6. База ключевого транзистора 6 «соединена! с выходом модулятора 10, один вход которого соединен с выходом компаратора 11, а другой - с источником 12 опорной частоты, который другим выходом соединен с одним входом компаратора 11» другой вход компаратора 11 соединен с датчиком 13 частоты вращения ( гахогенератором),сочлененным с якорем 3 электродвигателя.To the buses I and 2 of the common DC power supply, an armature circuit 3 of a mixed excitation motor and an adjustable circuit of its winding 4 of the excitation shunted by diode 5 are connected in parallel with the key transistor 6, shunted by the resistor 7, in series with the winding 4, as well as, Zener diode 8, 'shunted by capacitor 9, and these elements are connected between the negative terminal of the power source and the emitter of the key transistor. 6. The base of the key transistor 6 "connected! with the output of the modulator 10, one input of which is connected to the output of the comparator 11, and the other to the source 12 of the reference frequency, which is connected by another output to one input of the comparator 11 ”, the other input of the comparator 11 is connected to the speed sensor 13 (gachogenerator), coupled to the armature 3 electric motors.

В статическом установившемся режиме работы ключевой транзистор 6 регулятора переключается выходным током модулятора Ю, причем скважность i широтно-импульсной модуляции определяется соотношением сигналов, поступающих на его входы, и соответствует величине тока возбуждения ₂₅в обмотке 4 электродвигателя, при которой (с учетом величины напряжения питающего источника, нагрузки электродвигателя та ет го ра вая загрузка источника 12 опорной частоты, подключенного по своей цепи питания к параллельно соединенным стабилитрону 8³⁵и конденсатору 9, обтекаемым либо током обмотки 4 (при открытом транзисторе 6), либо током шунтирующего резистора 7 (.при закрытом транзисторе 6). Поскольку выходной ток эмиттера, который существенно больше тока базы, распределяется далее между стабилитроном 8 И входным током источника 12 опорной частоты,, то условия нормального токообеспечения элементов схемы выполняются,, причем конденсатор 9, шунтирующий стабилитрон 8, сглаживает импуль и других возмущающих факторов) частовращения электродвигателя соответствуй заданной. При этом, ввиду им^ульснохарактера выходного тока модуляго-, 10, имеет место и импульсная токо40In the steady-state steady-state mode of operation, the key transistor 6 of the controller is switched by the output current of the modulator Yu, and the duty cycle i of pulse-width modulation is determined by the ratio of the signals supplied to its inputs and corresponds to the value of the excitation current ₂₅ in the motor winding 4, at which (taking into account the magnitude of the supply voltage the source, the load of the motor, this is the first load of the source 12 of the reference frequency, connected via its power circuit to the parallel connected zener diode 8 ³⁵ and the capacitor 9, streamlined either by the winding current 4 (with the transistor 6 open) or by the current of the shunt resistor 7 (with the transistor 6 closed). Since the output current of the emitter, which is significantly larger than the base current, is further distributed between the zener diode 8 and the input current of the reference frequency source 12 ,, then the conditions for the normal current supply of circuit elements are satisfied, and the capacitor 9, shunting the zener diode 8, smooths out the pulse and other disturbing factors) of the frequency of rotation of the electric motor corresponding to the given one. Moreover, in view of the pulsating nature of the output current of the modulus, 10, pulsed current

944041 4 сные колебания напряжения питания источника 12 опорной частоты. В'начальном режиме запуска электродвигателя имеет место переходный процесс нарастания тока в его обмотке 4, сопровождающийся ростом токов на стабилитроне 8, входной цепи источника 12 и выходной цепи модулятора 10. При этом отмечается относительно повышенное потребление тока входной цепью источника 12 и автоматическая токовая разгрузка стабилитрона 8, обуславливающие нормальное обеспечение уровня выходного тока модулятора 10.944041 4 clear fluctuations in the supply voltage of the source 12 of the reference frequency. In the initial mode of starting the electric motor, there is a transient process of increasing current in its winding 4, accompanied by an increase in currents on the zener diode 8, the input circuit of the source 12 and the output circuit of the modulator 10. In this case, a relatively increased current consumption by the input circuit of the source 12 and automatic current discharge of the zener diode 8, causing the normal level of the output current of the modulator 10.

Claims

The invention relates to electric trials and can be used during stabilization of the frequency of rotation of DC motors. A known frequency regulator of rotation of a direct current motor contains a transistor power amplifier in an excitation winding circuit of motor tl. Closest to the proposed technical entity is a regulator containing a power source, connecting the electric motor to the main circuit, to the positive terminal of which through a motor excitation winding, shunted by a diode, a resistor shunted shunt is connected, connected to one input of the comparator, the second input of which is connected to the source of the reference frequency, and the output of the comparator is connected to the central input of the modulator, the second input of which is connected to Source reference frequency. and the output is connected to the base of the key transistor C2. The disadvantage of the controller is the relative complexity, the increased power losses of the diodes and the Zener diode of the excitation winding, which is continuously streamlined by the current, and the increased requirements for isolating the controller elements. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the controller. The goal is achieved by additionally introducing a condenser, a shunting zener diode, and a zener diode connected between the emitter of the key transistor and the negative terminal of the source w {tani. The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the control frequency of rotation of the DC motor. The buses I and 2 of the common DC power supply are connected in parallel to the core 3 circuit of the mixed excitation motor and the adjustable circuit of its winding 4, shunted by diode 5, is shunted by a diode 5. Afterwards, a key transistor 6, which is bridged by a resistor 7, is connected to the winding 4 8, shunted by capacitor 9, and these elements are connected between the negative terminal of the power supply and the emitter {um of the key transistor .6. The base of the key transistor 6 "is connected to the output of the modulator U, one input of which is connected to the output of the comparator It, and the other to the source 12 frequency, which is connected to the other input of the comparator II by another input, the other comparator input I is connected to the rotation frequency sensor 13 ( max; generator articulated with a crust of 3 electric motors. In the static steady state operation, the key transistor in the regulator switches the modulator Yu by the output current, the duty cycle) of the pulse-width modulation determines the ratio of the signals arriving at its inputs, and corresponds to the value of the excitation current p winding 4 of the electric motor at which (taking into account the magnitude of the voltage of the supply source, the load of the electric motor and other disturbing factors) the frequency of rotation of the electric motor corresponds to the given one. At the same time, in view of the pulse nature of the output current of the modulator, pa Yu, there is also a pulsed current loading of the source of the reference frequency connected via its power supply circuit to a parallel-connected zener diode and a capacitor 9, streamlined or the current of the winding 4 (with open transistor 6 ), or the current of the shunt resistor 7 1 when the transistor is closed 6), since the output current of the emitter, which is significantly greater than the base current, is distributed aapay between the zener diode 8 and the input current of the reference frequency source 12, then the normal okoobespecheni circuit elements are vypol n ,, wherein the capacitor 9, the shunt zener diode 8, smoothes impulI4 waist oscillation voltage power source 12 of reference frequency. Initially, an electric motor starts a transient process of current buildup in its winding 4, accompanied by an increase in current on Zener diode 8, the input circuit of source 12 and the output circuit of the modulator Y. At the same time, the current input source of the source 12 and automatic current unloading of the Zener diode 8, causing the normal provision of the level of the output current of the Yu. modulator, claims of the Invention Regulator of a rotational speed for a direct current motor containing a power source and connected to the electric motor's korotka circuit, to the positive output of which, through the excitation winding of the electric motor, shunted by a diode, is connected a key transistor, a shunt resistor, a zener diode, a rotational speed sensor connected to one comparator input, the second input of which is connected to a reference frequency source and the comparator output connected to one input of the modulator, the second input of which is connected to the source of the reference frequency, and the output connected to the base of the key transistor, characterized in that th enhancement nadezhnos.ti, it is additionally introduced capacitor, shunt zener diode and zener diode connected between the emitter of the transistor and the negative terminal of the power isgochnika. Sources of information taken into account in the examination of 1, Bunakov V.L. and Gasparov R.G. Semiconductor regulators of voltage and frequency of electrical switches. M.-L., Energie, 1966, p. 115

2. USSR author's certificate number 769697, cl. H 02 P tl / O6, 1980.

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