SU941578A1 - Apparatus for breaking monolithic formations - Google Patents

Description

(54) DEVICE FOR DESTRUCTION OF MONOLITHIC EDUCATION

The invention relates to the destruction of rocks and can be used for blasting and passaging of solid mineral rocks and other fragile materials, such as concrete.

A device for destroying rocks is known, which uses electro-shock energy, consisting of an external and internal electrode, a fluid supply system, and a TIT. Electro-hydraulic shock is a type of mechanical energy, obtained directly from the conversion of high-voltage electric energy into dense low-temperature plasma and affects the walls of the hole, the shock wave of a liquid for Ø s. The pressure impulse of a wave acts on the bore-hole walls equally in all directions and creates dynamic tensile stresses inside the rock, which destroy the rock by forming cracks directed radially in all directions. In addition, the pressure pulse forces acting on the lower part of the fuse push out him from the hole 1.

The disadvantages of this device are the impossibility of carrying out the destruction of the rock along a line of a given direction; the loss of part of the energy released in the spark discharge gap to push the fuse out of the hole; short-term stress state of the rock, lasting for c.

The closest to the technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed is a device for the destruction of monolithic formations, containing the pressing cheeks, the spacer wedge element located between them and the drive. The vertical forces acting on the end of the spacer wedge element, due to the vapor pressure of the fluid in the hole and evaporated by the electric heater, are transformed into horizontal forces of destruction of monolithic formations due to the action of the distance wedge cheeks during translational movement in the direction from the hole 2.

A disadvantage of this device is the lack of forces sufficient to destroy the monoliths, due to the low vapor pressure of the liquid under the end of the wedge element due to the fact that they escape through the gap between the pressure jaws.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of destruction of hard rocks by acting on them with static and dynamic loads at the same time.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the device the drive is made electrohydraulic, which allows one device to act on the rock with both dynamic and static load.

The wedge element can be expanded under the ANGLE of no more than 3 °.

The expansion wedge element has faces for interacting with the pressure jaws.

To destroy the rock, several devices can be taken along a line of a given direction and their flat sides can be oriented along a given line.

The transformation of the dynamic forces of an electrohydraulic shock into static tensile stresses along a line of a given direction is achieved by wedging the edges of the outer tubular electrode, made at an angle of -Kg,.

where Ki is the coefficient of friction of the pressing shear on the wall of the hole;

K.2 - the coefficient of friction of the pressing cheek about the edge of the outer tubular electrode.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for breaking solid mineral rocks along a given line; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. 1 (the device is oriented facets (along the line of the specified direction of destruction; in Fig. 3 - section BB in Fig. 2.,

The device comprises a generator of pulse currents 1, (Fig. 1), crushing cheeks 2, a spaced wedge element 3 interposed between them, and an actuator consisting of ij, i grsinegg; an insulated electrode 4 and an outer electrode 3, which is a wedge member. In this case, the wedge element 3 has faces 5 for interacting with the pressure jaws 2. A part of the central insulated rod electrode 4 projecting into the hole from the outer tubular electrode of the wedge element 3 forms a spark discharge gap 6. The edges 5 form an angle extending downwards

A Ki-Kg

whereK is the coefficient of friction of the pressing cheek against the wall of the hole;

Kg is the coefficient of friction of the pressing cheek about the edge of the external tubular electrode.

A switch 7 for sequential operation can be used for coupling the devices.

supply current pulses to each device.

The device works as follows.

High voltage energy from the pulse current generator 1 is switched by cable switch 7 to one of the devices, where it is released on the spark gap in the form of electro-hydraulic shock, which creates in the rock around the borehole dynamic stresses of tension and tends to push the device out of the hole. The edges 5 of the outer tubular electrode 3 slide between the flat surfaces of the pressing cheeks 2 held in the hole by friction against the walls of the hole until the forces of the vertical component deformation of the rock around the hole from the movement of the cheeks 2 become equal to the pushing forces of the electrohydraulic hitting After the electro-hydraulic impact ceases, the faces 5 remain wedged between the pressing cheeks 2, which ensures the stress state of the material in a plane parallel to the planes of the faces 5 before the next electro-hydraulic shock is fed to this rail.

When the forces of the cheeks 2 on the rock are equal, and the reaction forces from rock deformation, the movement of the wedge element 3 in the direction from the hole stops.

Comparing the triangle of forces made up by the force of pushing the wedge element 3 and the forces of the cheek on the walls of the hole, the triangle of reaction forces of the rock and the forces of the cheek against the walls of the hole results in a necessary and sufficient condition determining the angle between the faces of the 5th outer tubular electrode 3

K, -K2,

where KI is the coefficient of friction of the pressing cheek against the wall of the hole;

, К2 - coefficient of friction of the pressing cheek on the edge of the outer tubular electrode.

The coefficient of friction of the cylindrical (rough) surface of the steel cheek 2 against the wall of the hole Ki 0.20-0.15; coefficient of friction of the flat (smooth) cheek surface 2 on the face of a wedge element 3 Kg 0.05-0.10, hence the angle between the edges at Ki - K.2 0.15-0.05 glad that is 3-8 ° therefore, for an angle between faces less than 3 °, the sides of the outer tubular electrode always slide between the cheeks while they are held by friction against the walls of the pinch.

Claims (2)

The proposed device provides, in comparison with the known, the destruction of solid mineral rocks along a line of a given direction, which is especially important when blasting and passage of blocks in open pits for block rock extraction; an increase in the percentage of yield of conditioned raw materials due to a decrease in the fracture of the rock, an improvement in the working conditions of operation of the fuse by eliminating a massive load, which limits the height of its ejection from the hole; increase in the performance of the electrohydraulic installation by reducing the time lost in auxiliary operations. Claim I. Device For destruction of monolithic formations containing crushing cheeks, spaced wedge element between them and drive, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of destruction of hard rocks by acting on them with static and dynamic load, the drive is made electro-hydraulic. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wedge element is expanded at an angle of not more than 3 °. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to destroy the rock along a line of a given direction, the expansion wedge element has faces for interacting with the pressing jaws. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate number 123500, cl. F 42 D 1/00, 1957. 2. USSR author's certificate number 575421, cl. E 21 C 7/02, 1976 (prototype). + Phi2. / bb