SU939137A1 - Unit for sorting fruits and vegetables - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and food industry and can be used to sort fruits and vegetables of irregular shape.

A known device for sorting fruits and vegetables, comprising a photometric integrating chamber made in the form of a shar with openings for supplying and discharging fruit and vegetables, radiation sources, optical receivers of reflected light located inside the catarater uniformly but in its area, and an actuator one.

The disadvantage of this device is the low quality of sorting, especially of fruits and vegetables having an irregular shape, since the fruit is constantly lit all the time (starting from the entrance to the chamber and up to the exit) from all sides is not completely.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of sorting fruits and vegetables of irregular shape.

This goal is achieved by the installation for sorting fruits and vegetables, including a photometric integrating chamber, made in the form of a shchar with holes for supplying and discharging the fruit and vegetables, radiation sources and optical receivers of reflected light located inside the chamber evenly over its area, and an actuator, contains a threshold device and a receiver and a source of directional light emitted in parallel in the diametral plane of the chamber, the latter

, Q is connected to a threshold device, and radiation sources are connected to an actuator by means of an integrator.

FIG. 1 depicts the described installation; in fig. 2 - section integrating

15 photometric camera on the diametral plane; in fig. 3 is a structural electrical circuit for switching on the light controllers in the power supply circuit of the radiation sources. Installation contains conveyor 1, on

20 where the fruits 2 are delivered to the input 3 of the integrating photometric camera 4, made in the form of a gable with input 3 and output 5, the illuminators-sources of radiation 6 are located on the inner surface of the integrating camera 4, and the optical

the receivers 7 are also installed inside the integrating chamber 4, and the height of the installation of the radiation sources 6 is greater than the receivers 7. In addition, so that only the flow reflected from the fetus 2 falls on each receiver 7, they are covered with an opaque casing and are turned by its photosensitive elements to its inner surface. The apparatus also includes an actuator 8 and a hopper 9 for separating the fruit and vegetables being sorted.

The main command elements of the installation are light controllers, cameras 4 installed in the one-meter plane, and representing the source 10 of the directional radiation and the receiver 11 of the same directional radiation. The light controllers are connected in parallel and loaded onto a threshold device 12, which is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the radiation sources 6.

The power is supplied from the source 13. The wavelength of the radiation sources 6 strongly (approximately 50-100 times) differs from the wavelength of the directional radiation source 7. This condition ensures the invariance (independence) of the work of both sources. The device also includes an integrator 14, the input of which is connected to the outputs of all optical receivers 7 of the reflected light, and the output of the integrator is connected to an actuator.

The device works as follows

Fruits and vegetables 2 with the help of conveyor 1 each with a certain constant interval are fed to the input

3 integrating photometric camera

4 and begin to fall under the action of gravitational forces. In chamber 4, all illuminating sources of radiation are turned off. In the working state there are only light controllers consisting of a source 10 of directional light and a receiver 11 of this directional radiation, which will be called light controllers in the following.

They form a certain boundary plane in the diametral plane of chamber 4 with their directed rays.

When a fruit or vegetable to be sorted 2, when it falls, crosses the boundary plane and breaks the beam of directional radiation from source 10, the light controller is triggered, with the result that threshold device 12 turns on the power supply circuit of radiation sources 6.

The light from sources 6 irradiates the fruit 2, the light reflected from it creates on the inner surface of the integrating chamber 4 an illumination that is proportional to the color of the fruit. This light creates in the optical receivers 7 photocurrent corresponding to the color of the fruit. This photocurrent is integrated and fed to the actuator 8, which occupies one of its extreme positions (depending on the color of the fruit or vegetable), forces fruit 2 through exit 5 to enter the corresponding bunker 9.

The exposure time of the illumination of the fruit being sorted by the 2 illuminators 6 is equal to the time the fruit passes 2 of the boundary plane created by the light controllers.

As a result of the implementation of the proposed installation, the economic effect per ton of the sorted material is 318 rubles. by reducing the error in sorting and improving the quality of sorting by about two times.

Claims (1)

1. Copyright. USSR certificate № 624664, cl. B 07 C 5/342, 1978. f E-0 12 FIG.