SU921869A1

SU921869A1 - Apparatus for processing thermoplastic wastes

Info

Publication number: SU921869A1
Application number: SU787770319A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Хорст Дитрих; Юрген Дитрих; Эберхард Эрлер; Вернер Носке
Original assignee: Фев Кунстштофферарбейтунгсиндустри (Инопредприятие)
Priority date: 1977-11-08
Filing date: 1978-10-10
Publication date: 1982-04-23
Also published as: CS226351B1; DE2843620A1; DD135594B1; DD135594A1

Abstract

Preparing thermoplastics scrap for re-use, comprises melting and sepg. the components exclusively by supply of heat, without applying pressure. Heaters are installed in a stationary or rotary melt container whose bottom has a heated outlet in which exchangeable, heated, sieves are fitted. The container has (opt. counter-rotating) rollers mounted inside it which are provided with doctor sheets. The container has a jacket with outlets, and a (compounding) screw is mounted downstream of it.

Description

II

Изобретение относитс к устройствам дл переработки и восстановлени отходов тep юплacтa по прин- . ципу расплавлени .The invention relates to a device for the processing and recovery of waste products according to pr. melting point.

Переработка отходов термопласта не должна приводить к снижению качества материала вследствие разрушени молекул рных цепей или изменений структуры либо снижение должно про вл тьс в возможно меньшей степени .Recycling of thermoplastic waste should not lead to a decrease in the quality of the material due to the destruction of the molecular chains or changes in the structure or a decrease should occur as little as possible.

Такого рода снижение качества материалов ухудшает его технические, физические и другие свойства, .которые могут иметь следствием разрушение материала.Such a decrease in the quality of materials impairs its technical, physical and other properties, which may result in the destruction of the material.

Известны способы переработки отходов термопласта, основанные на принципе деполимеризации.Known methods of processing waste thermoplastic, based on the principle of depolymerization.

Однако работающие на этом принципе устройства относительно неэкономичны , так как в них необходимо реализовывать несколько технологических процессов, что св зано с высокимиHowever, devices operating on this principle are relatively uneconomical, since they need to implement several technological processes, which is associated with high

затратами энергии и большими капиталовложени ми .energy costs and large capital investments.

Известны также способы переработки отходов термопласта под давлением при определенной температуре, когда переработка осуществл етс в одношнековом или двухшнековом экструдере с зонами дегазации и с помощью различных расположенных перед или после экструдера агрегатов.Methods are also known for processing thermoplastic waste under pressure at a certain temperature, when processing is carried out in a single-screw or twin-screw extruder with degassing zones and with the help of various aggregates located before or after the extruder.

10ten

Однако воздействи высоких температур и механических.нагрузок могут приводить к невоспроизводимым показател м качества конечного продукта. Кроме того, большой износ устройств However, exposure to high temperatures and mechanical loads can lead to irreproducible quality indicators of the final product. In addition, large wear devices

15 обуславливает высокие расходы на техническое обслуживание.15 causes high maintenance costs.

В известных устройствах возможна только ограниченна автоматизаци , так как род и форма встречающихс In known devices, only limited automation is possible, since the genus and form of the occurring

20 отходов термопласта и вторичного сырь очень различны.20 thermoplastic waste and recycled materials are very different.

При этом нар ду со сложной предварительной обработкой материала значительно возрастает стоимость переработки . Известно также устройство, с помощью которого отходы разрушаютс в процессе расплавлени и уничтожаютс . Целью изобретени вл етс созда ние устройства дл переработки отхо дов и вторичного сырь термопласта, отличающегос непрерывностью технологического процесса и высокой степенью автоматизации и обеспечивающего . экономичную переработку с исклю чением св занной с высокими затрата ми предварительной обработки. В частности, отходы должны направ л тьс на расплавление без принуди-; тельной подачи. Кроме того, расплавление осуществл етс без давлени в ходе нагревани . Устройство состоит в основном из подогреваемого цилиндра дл расплавлени с днищем, на котором размещены нагревательные элементы. При этом цилиндр может быть неподвижным или вращающимс , а в днище цилиндр имеет стоковые отверсти дл вывода расплава , в которых установлены сменные обогреваемые сетки. В цилиндре могут находитьс вращающиес в проти воположных направлени х подогреваемы валки и, кроме того, отвод щие расплав скребки. В днище и/или в оболоч ке цилиндра дл расплавлени предусмотрены стоковые отверсти дл расплава с размещенным за ними шнеком. С помощью предлагаемого устройств ( ребра дл увеличени поверхности на грева) обеспечиваетс воспроизведени качественных свойств переработанной формовочной массы. Усили сдвига, возникающие при переработке посредст вом экструзии и отрицательно сказывающиес на материале, свод тс в этом устройстве до минимума. Производительность расплавлени может быт определена выбором габаритов устрой .ства, например валков, и их последовательного расположени . Устройство не загр зн ет окружающую среду и соз- so дает малый уровень шумов. Потребление , энергии меньше по сравнению с известными устройствами. На фиг. 1 показано предлагаемое устройство со стержневыми нагреватель-55 At the same time, along with complex pretreatment of the material, the cost of processing increases significantly. It is also known a device by which waste is destroyed during the melting process and destroyed. The aim of the invention is to create a device for processing waste and recycled materials of thermoplastic, characterized by the continuity of the process and a high degree of automation and support. economical processing with the exception of high preprocessing costs. In particular, the waste must be sent to be melted without being forced; body feed. In addition, melting is carried out without pressure during heating. The device consists mainly of a heated cylinder for melting with a bottom on which heating elements are placed. In this case, the cylinder can be stationary or rotating, and in the bottom of the cylinder there are drain holes for melt outlet, in which interchangeable heated grids are installed. In the cylinder, there are rotating in opposite directions heated rolls and, in addition, scraper outgoing melt. In the bottom and / or in the shell of the cylinder for melting, there are drain holes for the melt with a screw placed behind them. Using the proposed device (ribs for enlarging the surface to heat), the quality properties of the recycled molding material are reproduced. The shearing forces resulting from extrusion processing and adversely affecting the material are minimized in this device. The melting capacity can be determined by the choice of the dimensions of the device, such as rolls, and their sequential arrangement. The device does not pollute the environment and creates a low level of noise. Consumption, energy less in comparison with the known devices. FIG. 1 shows the proposed device with a rod heater-55

Claims

nymyy elements, side view; 2, the same top view; in fig. 3 shows a version of the device with a rotating cylinder. The loading can be arranged so that the bales of secondary raw materials (chemical production fibers) are rum to melt; in fig. - the same, top view; in fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a device with rollers rotating in a cylinder for melting; in fig. 6 - the same, top view. The device consists of a heated cylinder 1 for melting with the bottom. On the bottom there are heating elements 5, the dimensions of which depend on the required performance of the device. The execution of the heating elements 5 in the form of rods leads to an increase in the heated surface. In the bottom of the cylinder for melting there is a heated drain hole with interchangeable mesh 6 for trapping foreign bodies. The removal of the melt after the grid 6 is carried out in a known manner. Between the outer shell 4 and the cylinder 1 for melting there is a heating system 2 and a heat insulating layer 3. In order to maintain an appropriate range of melting temperatures, a control loop with temperature gauges 7 located at specific points is used. In an improved embodiment of the device, an additional rotating cylinder 10 for melt is provided (Figs. 3 and 4). Through the side or bottom openings 8, under the action of centrifugal forces, the melt flows into the external heated cylinder 1 and is fed by the screw 9 to the grid 6. The increase in the heated surface is also achieved by radial placement of heating elements 5- two rotating in opposite directions heated rolls 11 (Figs. 5 and 6). The distance 12 between the rollers 11 is adjustable. The melt is discharged through repairable scrapers. 13- Roller groups can be used to increase the melted amount. To prevent oxidation of certain molding masses, melting can be carried out in the atmosphere preliminarily sorted and crushed (grinding or cutting). melting, characterized in that in a heated and non-movable or rotating cylinder for melting, heating elements are placed, wherein the cylinder l has a melting stock into the bottom aperture for withdrawal of the melt, in 9218 Ko i5 9 toryh mounted replaceable heatable grid.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder is provided with heated rollers arranged side-by-side, rotating in opposite directions, and in addition there are scraper outlets located in opposite directions for melting.

3. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, it is found that in the bottom and / or in the shell of the melt cylinder there are drain holes for the melt with a screw placed behind them.

FIG. 6