SU896922A1 - Shaft furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

1. MINE OVEN, including a detachable metal housing, a stationary shaft, a replaceable metal reservoir docked with it and a tap hole for slag discharge, characterized in that, in order to increase the service life of the furnace, the shaft is made with a protrusion entering the metal receiver, forming an annular the gap between the protrusion and the wall of the metal reservoir, and the tap-hole is located below, the protrusion.

Description

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2. Furnace POP.1, characterized in that the protrusion is removable.

3.Pech according to claim 1, characterized in that THAT, the size of the gap between the protrusion and the wall

metal receiver equals 0.01-0.03 internal diameter of the metal receiver.

4. Furnace pop, 1, about the difference with the fact that, the height of the protrusion is equal to 3-5 values of the gap.

(Invention: relates to shaft type furnaces used to produce radioactive and rare refractory metals by metal-thermal reduction of compounds and can be used in the color metallurgy.

A mine-type smelter operating in air 1 is known.

This furnace consists of a stationary shaft and a removable metal receiver attached to it. After the passage of the metallothermic reactions and the sludge of the metal and the donkey, the slag is drained through the tap hole, and the metal receiver is removed from the mine and the frozen metal is removed from it. During the reaction, a skull-solid protective layer is formed on the furnace walls, preventing the walls from wear and metal being smelted from penetrating into the negative particles of the material from which the shaat and the metal receptacle are made. Most often it is graphite, therefore the skull - avoidable carburization.

The disadvantage of this furnace is the inevitable saturation with nitrogen and oxygen of both metal and skull air. which leads to the impossibility of obtaining conforming; metal.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed solution is a shaft furnace, which includes a detachable metal casing, a stationary shaft, a removable metal receiver joined with it, and a tap hole for the slag 2.

The furnace contains a detachable metal hermetic case in which a stationary graphite-lined shaft is placed, the shape of the trapezium extending downward, whereby the lining blocks have the possibility of radial movement, and the removable pallet-receptacle pressed against it, while the inside diameters of the shaft and metal receiver at the junction are the same. In the mine, upstream of the metal receiver, is the side of the entrance, passing through the furnace body. Lower part of the body

together with the pallet and the tap hole are enclosed in a protective hermetic case, which is connected by a pipe with an internal cavity of the mine filled with an inert medium. Such a furnace design produces a pure metal during smelting, although during the discharge, the slag does not exclude partial nitriding and oxidation of the metal. .

The disadvantage of this furnace is the short service life of the furnace, since it is difficult to connect the shaft and the metal reservoir after cooling the metal. The resulting skullcap with a continuous layer covers the inner walls of the furnace, securely interlocking the shaft and the metal receiver. In order to separate them, it is necessary to destroy the layer of the crust at the site of styzsovka, for which it is necessary to apply a mechanical action. Kra slings of the skull in the place of the connector require stripping - an extremely laborious operation to ensure CTMW forging the shaft and the metal receiver at the next smelting. Often under the influence of a mechanic, a metal-working body fails, cracks and chips appear at the mine, i.e. It also requires replacement.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the service life of the furnace, ensuring repeated use of both the metal receiver and the stationary shaft.

The goal is achieved by the fact that (9 shafts are made with a protrusion entering the metal receiver, with the formation of an annular gap between the protrusion and the wall, and the notch is located below the protrusion, which is removable, the gap size is 0,, OD-0, 03 the diameter of the metal reservoir, the height of the protrusion is 3-5 values of the gap.

Due to the discontinuity of the crown of the crust, the furnace is very much lightened by the connection of the furnace where the metal is crystallized; mechanical intervention is not required to separate the shaft and the metal receptacle.

Figure 1 shows the proposed shaft furnace for carrying out the restorative heats of radioactive and rare refractory metals; on, figure 2 - place the docking of the mine and the metal mine on a larger scale. The furnace contains a cylindrical metal body in the form of a glass / consisting of two parts: the upper one .1 and the lower one. At the upper part of the body there is a graphite shaft 3 and a metal receiver 4 tightly adjacent to it 4. The graphite cavity 5 is made of a new metal receiver, Cells 6 for receiving metal and a central through-hole 7. In the shafts on the end face adjacent to the metal receiver, a protrusion 8 is made, which is included in the recess of the metal receiver. The outer diameter of the protrusion is made smaller than the internal diameter of the recess of the metal receiver, so that an annular gap 9 is formed with them. The size of the gap a is equal to 0.01–0.03 of the internal diameter of the receiver. The height of the protrusion is 3-5 clearance points. In order to provide a guaranteed ring and centering of the shaft and metal reservoir, the adjacent walls 10 of the shaft and the metal receiver are chamfered. In one embodiment of the furnace, to simplify manufacture, the protrusion is removable and formed of a graphite ring into the cylindrical groove of the shaft. In the central opening of the metal reservoir a pipe 11 is pressed, which serves as a tap hole for slag discharge. The upper part of the pipe protrudes above the metal receiver and is located below the protrusion closed by a fused plug 12. Under the metal receiver there is a slag receiver 13, which has holes 14 for exhaust gases 14 . A fuse 15 is installed in the upper part of the furnace body, recessed into the charge .16 filling the shaft. The upper part of the casing is hermetically sealed with a lid 17, in which the pipes 18 and 19 are mounted for inert gas removal and vacuuming. The stove works in the following way: in a perceptible way, the GETA is a systematically assembled stove. through the nozzle 18, the furnace charge is filled with an inert gas, mainly argon, before having pumped out the air through the nozzle 19. If necessary, preheat the charge from the external one. source (not shown) to a predetermined temperature and then initiate the reaction using the fuse. During the reaction, garnssage is formed on the walls of the mine and the metal receiver, but since the inner wall of the mine does not contact the inner wall of the metal receiver. covering the hollow of the metal receiver, i.e. there is a discontinuity in the layer of the garnish. Since the annular gap when filling the mixture with it is not; then it is not formed on the inner wall of the metal receptacle of the skull, which is closed with a projection, i.e. the docking place of the mine and the metal receiver is not affected by the adhesion forces arising between the layer of the skull and the material of the mine and the metal receiver. With the vigorous passage of the metallothermic reaction, the charge rises. By experiment, the maximum lift height was determined, so the optimal size of the protrusion, which guarantees the gap from the charge, is set within 3-5 gap values. The optimal size of the gap is determined empirically, based on the fact that due to the forces of the supernatural tension of the melt, the gap may overgrow. The resulting liquid metal and slag are separated by their specific weights. The slag melts the plug 12 and enters the slag receptacle 13 through the tap hole. Since the tap hole is located below the charge protrusion, the molten slag does not remain. The gas (extruded slag) is removed through the holes 14. The metal crystallizes in the cells of the metal receiver. After the metal is cooled, the furnace body is disconnected, the lower part of the body with the slag receiver and the metal receiver are disconnected from the upper part of the furnace. At the same time, they do not require considerable effort to separate the metal receiver from the side of the skirting board. From the cells of the metal reservoir, ingots of metal and metal-rush are removed, and the ejector is ready for subsequent use. A slag collector and a metal receiver, coedi, are inserted into the furnace body. parts of the hull between themselves. The furnace is ready for the next smelting. The proposed furnace allows for the same equipment, with the same mine and metallographic, to carry out significantly more melts, i.e. its service life increases.

Claims (4)

1. MINE FURNACE, including a detachable metal casing, a stationary shaft, a removable metal receiver docked with it and a tap hole for draining slag, characterized in that, in order to increase the service life of the furnace, the shaft is made with a protrusion entering the metal receiver, with the formation of an annular gap between , the protrusion and walls of ^one metal receiver, and the notch is located below the protrusion. SU „„ 896922 2. The furnace of claim 1 differing ί _e u and I with I in that the protrusion is removable. 3. Oven pop. 1, characterized in that, the gap between the panel and the wall of the metal receiver is equal to 0.01-0.03 of the inner diameter of the metal receiver. 4. The furnace pop.