SU885360A1 - Anodic spent leads of aluminium electrolyzer - Google Patents

Description

(54) ANODE CONSUMPTION CURRENT OF THE ELECTROLYZER FOR RECEIVING ALUMINUM

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The invention relates to equipment for electrolytic production, in particular, to the design of the anode device of an aluminum electrolysis cell with a self-firing anode and an upper electrical power supply. .

A current lead to a self-baking anode is known, which is consumed during electrolysis, moving along with the anodes as it burns.

Such current leads, for example, made of aluminum in the form of pins, a grid, a grid or pipes, are installed vertically. Therefore, cavities are formed below them from the anode to the isotherm, corresponding to the metal melting temperature, therefore, the contact area of the anode part of the anode H is small. . Cooling the tubular current leads with air flowing through, or coating it with a protective layer, such as carbonaceous mass, does not provide a significant increase in the contact surface and a noticeable reduction in power consumption, while labor costs increase.

The anodic current lead of an aluminum mini-cell, having a vertical rod made of aluminum powder and powder, with current leads, which are angled to its axis 2, is known.

The specified technical solution is inefficient due to the fact that during the operation of the electrolyzer after

10, when a current supply is melted, a large number of upward cavities are formed in iodine, which degrade the quality of the anode and increase the voltage drop. The fabrication of 15 anode current leads from aluminum powder and powder is associated with large labor costs.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce energy consumption and labor costs, 20 to increase the stability of the technological mode of the electrolyzer by leveling the height of the cone of the dpecan and improving the quality of the anodes ..

Claims (2)

This goal is achieved by the fact that a 25 anode consumable current supply of an aluminum electrolysis cell, consisting of an expandable vertical element connected to a busbar, is additionally equipped with a horizontal element rigidly connected to the vertical element and located parallel to the longitudinal or transverse axis of the electrolyzer. The rigid connection of the elements ensures their mutual arrangement when installed in the anode and then baked. The current leads are placed parallel to each other ipy in such a way that the vertical elements form one or more transverse and longitudinal rows; they are installed in several horizons. In order to reduce the number of microcracks formed in the anode during its shrinkage and thermal expansion of the electrical power supply, the horizontal element is made hollow along its entire length or in separate sections. The horizontal element and the lower part of the vertical element to the iso. terms of its melting are performed with a cross section of from 10 to 30,000 mm, with a variable cross section being provided on individual sections of the element or along its entire length, for example, made in the form of a melting rod. To reduce labor costs and save metal, the vertical element is attached to the front of the ends or to the middle of the horizontal element. Although, if necessary, for example, for the convenience of servicing the anode device, it is possible to connect two or more vertical elements to one horizontal element. To ensure the rational distribution of busbars, supporting structures, anode lifting mechanisms, etc. the vertical element is arranged so that its longitudinal axis divides the horizontal element into two unequal parts, while the ratio of the smaller part to the larger is set in the range of 0.001 to 0.999. If this ratio is 0.001 or 7 0.999, then the placement of the nodes of the anode device will be similar to / what they have if the vertical element is attached to one of the ends or to the middle of the horizontal one. . The longitudinal axis of the vertical element of the proposed electrical power supply is shifted relative to the nearest end of the horizontal element C, and the longitudinal axis of the latter relative to the lower end of the vertical element to the distance O; moreover, the relationship is set to limits from 0.005 to 0.7, which ensure reliable operation of the electrical power supply, even in the case when the vertical element is installed close to the anode casing. At a ratio of 0.005, the current lead is not reliable in operation, i.e. there is a premature breakdown of contact between the vertical and horizontal elements. If p is 0.7, then the voltage drop at the anode and the possibility of irregularities on its sole increase significantly. The current lead elements are in the form of a strip, channel, I-beam, angle, pipe or rod, the cross-section of which has the shape of a circle or part of it, an ellipse, a segment, a triangle, a parallelogram, or a polygon. Tokopodvod made solid or collapsible from separate sections, which are assembled before installing it in the anode. To simplify the production technology of the current leads, the section connecting the horizontal and vertical elements is made with different configurations, for example, in the form of an arc or a rectangular ledge. When installing the electrical power supply, its lower part is immersed in the liquid phase of the anode up to the stop of the horizontal element in the sintering cone. Subsequently, the horizontal element gradually approaches the sole of the anode, and then along with the lower part of the vertical element flows into the electrolyte. After that, the upper part of the electrical power supply projecting the bottom of the anode sintering cone is removed. In order to facilitate the extraction of the protruding part of the electrical power supply, its cross-sectional area near the surface of the sintering cone should be less than the plane of the sections above. Instead of the consumed current lead, the next one is installed and the cycle is repeated. When the electrolyzer is operating, as the anode is consumed and the horizontal element approaches the sole, the vertical element is expanded, using it simultaneously to suspend the anode. The use of the proposed device provides, in comparison with the known anode consumable current leads, the following advantages: the voltage drop in the anode is reduced, the quality of the anode is improved, the stability of the process mode is increased, the labor costs and the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere of the electrolysis case are reduced. The implementation of the proposed technical solution makes it possible to reduce the voltage drop in the anode and the consumption of technological electricity by at least 300 kWh per 1 ton of raw aluminum compared to the value of this indicator of electrolysers equipped with the known anode consumption of the current leads. The annual economic effect per electrolysis unit xoisnyc is / v 70 thousand rubles. Claim 1. Analogous consumable tokopod of electrolyzer for aluminum production, consisting of an expandable winding element connected to an anode distribution bus, characterized in that with the vertical. 2. Tokopodvod according to claim 1, which is based on the fact that the horizontal element is made of a variable cross section, decreasing in length from the point of contact with the vertical element; 3. Tokopodvod on P.1, about t lchayayu1iys. That the horizontal element is partially or completely hollow. 4. Tokopodod according to Clause 1, that is, in that the vertical element is positioned so that its connection with the horizontal element divides the length of the latter into parts, ranging from 0.001 to 0.999. 5. The drive according to Claim 1, wherein the longitudinal axis of the vertical element is displaced relative to the nearest end of the horizontal element, and the longitudinal axis of the horizontal element is displaced relative to the lower end of the vertical element, and the ratio of the magnitude of the displacement is from 6.005 to 0 , 7. 6. Tokopodvod according to claim 1, characterized in that ratio. the length of the horizontal element to the length or width of the anode set in the range from 0.03 to 0.99. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR author's certificate No. 537130, cl. C 25 C 3/16, 1977. 2. Authors certificate of the USSR 572536, cl. C 25 C 3/16, 1977.