SU884649A1 - Method of inducing plant mutation - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to genetics and plant breeding. It is known that many chemical compounds possess high mutagenic activity, the effect of which has been tested on various plant species. And among them, substances of bio-genetic origin are quite effective. The complex of biologically active substances is contained in the juices and plant excreta. With this in mind, the possibility of using plant extracts as a mutagenic factor has been established. The known method of soaking the seeds of some species in extracts isolated from the destroyed pollen of other plant species C. A disadvantage of it is that in the process of preparing the extract, ether is used for the purpose of degreasing and drying is carried out. As a result, the biologically active components of the contents of the pies are inactivated. A method of infiltration is known, which consists in treating the ears on the vine before flowering with aqueous extracts from destroyed generative organs or pollen at various exposures of G2. However, this method is suitable mainly for cereals with a compact arrangement of flowers. There is also a known method of injecting alien extracts into the seeds or organs of vegetative plants. 3 In this method, the extract can be injected into already formed tissues and it is difficult to carry out an injection into generative organs. The method is more applicable for large-fruited plants such as melons, pumpkins, cucumbers, etc. The purpose of the invention is to expand the range of mutations caused. The goal is achieved by the fact that seedlings of one variety (species) of plants that are in the phase of active growth (I stage of organogenesis), when there is an intensive cell division and synthesis of biologically active substances (nucleic acids, etc.), are ground in a porcelain mortar with the addition of a small amount of distilled water (1-2 ml). Then, from the obtained hemogenic mass, the liquid fraction is separated by filtration or centrifugation, which is diluted with water taking into account the former addition in the ratios 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3. In this extract, seeds of another plant variety (species) are germinated before the seeds are formed.

Example. From seedlings of high-alkaloid and early-growing varieties of lupine Bev horse 335, an extract is obtained from the calculation of one volume of juice of two, three or three volumes of distilled water. In porcelain seedlings, on filter paper moistened with this extract of taken concentrations, seeds of a relatively late ripening variety Ben horse 484 are germinated at the optimum temperature () for 5 days. Then, germinated seeds are sown in open ground in a wide variety method (10 cm between plants in rde and 40 cm between rows) at a depth of 3 cm.

The effect of an extract of one variety of lupine on the variability of plants of another variety is assessed by the laws of growth and development, the manifestation of morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics in the year of seed treatment and subsequent generations.

A series of experiments shows that lupine plants of the Ben horse variety 484 change already in the year of seed treatment with a closely related plant extract (RBE). In this case, the dependence of the degree of plant variability on the concentration of the extract used (Table 1) was established.

The effect of RBE affects the variability of plants; second-generation lupine. Even under the influence of a low concentration of the extract (1: 3), the number of modified forms in comparison with the control increases by 7 times. In the variant with the use of an average extract concentration (1: 2) there are 1,, 23% (in the control 0.09%,) and even more in the experiment with a concentration of 1: 1 - 3, .43%. Among them, tall, branched, with a thickened stem, corrugated leaves, early ripening, etc., are distinguished. Indicators of the influence of RBE on the spectrum and frequency of variability of narrow-leaved lupine plants, Ben horse grade 484 are given in Table. 2

The effect of RBE on the formation of forms with a low content of alkaloids in lupine, Ben horse 484, can be seen from the table. 3 ..

Thus, extracts isolated from seedlings of a high-alkaloid and early-ripening variety Lupine Ben Horse 335 can cause a mutagenic effect in another late-ripening variety Ben Horse 484.

Moreover, the more noticeable it appears, the greater the concentration of the extract. This effect appears to be due to alkaloids and other biologically active substances contained in the plant extract.

Unlike the series of hemomutagens of highly specialized substances that have specific properties to increase the variability of plants within a species or genus and have found wide application in breeding, the plant extract acts mainly softer and, as a rule, more diverse. Under his influence, the tezratas or changes with a damaging effect arise.

With the help of a plant extract, lupine forms are induced as fast-growing, early ripening, low alkaloid and highly productive, representing a valuable starting material for selection.

The proposed method for producing practically valuable mutants using different concentrations of plant extract is applicable to other types of agricultural crops. Legumes are known to be highly responsive to mutagenic factors, which is explained by their biological characteristics. Most obovye crops, including peas, beans, lupine, and others are large-seed crops. These plants can develop for a long period (up to stage V of organogenesis) at the expense of seed nutrients. Therefore, it is important to influence mutagens on seeds, causing changes in the biochemism of reserve nutrients in them, which can already affect the variability of morphological and other signs of plants in the first year of exposure. The mutagenic effect of the plant extract is caused by biologically active components that are transformed through the walls of the seed. The mechanism of this process is not yet abbot because of its complexity. However, the proposed method of experimental mutagenesis can be recommended in order to induce valuable forms for selection.

Table 1

2050

0.09 ± 0.01

1480

51 19

3.43 ± 0.40

1574

1.23 ± 0.39

1591

0.70 ±

11 0.25

Researched

Plant concentration of extract

ABOUT

1: 1 1: 2 1: 3

Table 21

about

ten

3

3 2 1

eleven

6

ABOUT

3

ABOUT

Table 3

Including low-alkaloid ones,

ABOUT

. 1.83 ± 0.13

Claims (3)

27 12 О 0.76 t 0.02 О 88464 Claim 1. Invention method for mutation in plants by treating them with plant extracts, and also with the fact that, in order to expand the spectrum of mutations caused by plant germs, extract other varieties are germinated to form seed lobes. 8 2. The method according to p. 1, about tl and h and yi and so that the selected extract is used in dilution with distilled water in ratios 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Induction of mutations by biological mutagens. L., 1972. p. 45. 2. TeW, however. 22 3. Ibid, p. 5 (prototype).