SU880870A1 - Tanker - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding, in particular to the construction of hulls of liquid ships. A tanker is known, comprising a hull with a barge and deck 1. I conclude the disadvantages of this tanker with low maneuverability, fire safety and difficulty of cleaning. The purpose of the invention is to improve road safety, fire safety and simplify cleaning. The goal is achieved by the fact that the lower part of the sides is made elastic, while the body is completely open from the bottom. In addition, the tanker can be equipped with a movable bottom mounted with the possibility of vertical movement relative to the sides. in fig. 1 shows the tanker, a general view; in fig. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. 1, corresponding to the first embodiment; in fig. 3 is a section aa in FIG. 1, corresponding to the second embodiment. The oil tanker contains hull 1, which is closed from above by deck 2. On deck 2, superstructures 3 and pipelines 4 are placed (Fig. 1). in the first embodiment, the housing 1 is a rigid bead 5 which is hermetically connected to the deck 2, the lower part 6 of which is made of an elastic material, for example rubber. At the bottom of the hull 1 is open and its cavity is partially filled with a layer of water 7. In the cavity of the hull below deck 2 there is a layer of inert gas 8, which ensures the empty buoyancy of the tanker and its unloading, as well as fire safety. Inert gas 8 is subject to periodic (preventive) replacement. In the second embodiment, the housing 1 is a rigid bead 5 sealed to the deck 2. In this case, the lower part of the beads 5 can be made of an elastic material, for example, resins. The housing 1 according to the second variant is provided with a bottom 9, made in the form of a pontoon, providing the vessel with buoyancy in the empty state, and installed with the possibility of vertical movement relative to the beads 5. There is a gap 10 between the bottom 9 and the sides 5, due to which the cavity of the body 1 is partially filled with an layer 7 water . The bottom 9 is connected to the housing 1 with the aid of flexible or rigid connections (not shown in FIG.).

The tanker works as follows.

Pipelines 4 under. oil or petroleum products are supplied with pressure, with the result that an inert gas layer is located between deck 2 and the load. After loading the tanker pipelines 4 overlap.

When the loaded tanker 5 is moving with the lower parts 6, a layer of water 7. 7 is involved, which participates in the dwelling of the tanker. At the same time, under the action of the viscous forces of the surrounding seawater, part-layer 7 of the water is braked, and to a greater extent in those parts of the layer that are in direct contact with the water area. With respect to beads 5 and 6, the debris of the water layer 7 decreases in the direction from the lower part of the elastic side b to the layers adjacent to the cargo. The height of sides 5 and b is chosen so that the speed of the water layer 7 relative to the tanker 1a at the bottom surface of the cargo is zero, i.e. with respect to boards 5 and 6 in this place the water was still.

The thickness of the water layer must meet the following requirements:, where g is the thickness of the layer; V is the speed of the tanker; . hg is the height of WAVE} -V is the viscosity of water; -fr - the proportion of cargo G0 - the proportion of water T - sediment tanker. In order to reduce the draft of the tanker, which would allow the invention to be used when operating the tanker on shallower waters (Tracks, lakes), a second version of the tanker was developed in which the thickness of the water layer 7 is significantly reduced. Oil is supplied to the tanker under pressure through pipelines 4.

Unloading of the tanker in both cases is carried out through pipelines 4 after they are opened. At the same time, unloading begins under the action of pressure present in the cavity of body 1. As it is discharged, the oil in the cavity is replaced by water, which maintains the pressure necessary for the final displacement of the oil. After unloading, the pipelines 4 overlap.

The tanker in the first embodiment is used in the transportation of oil in deep water areas, where it is possible to retain the required thickness of the water layer to isolate the transported oil, and the tanker in the second variant in shallow water bodies.

The proposed tanker avoids a crash in the event of a stranded tanker, reef, etc., improves throughput due to elastic sides.

Claims (2)

This tanker can also be used in case of accidents in offshore oil fields by installing it above the well, from which it beats an uncontrolled fountain of oil. In this case, oil will be collected in the cavity of the tanker and can either be pumped out of the tanker as it is filled, or transported to its destination. Claim 1. Tanker, comprising a hull with sides and a deck, is also distinguished by the fact that, in order to improve maneuverability, fire safety and cleaning, the lower part of the sides is elastic, while the hull is open on the bottom side. 2. A tanker in accordance with claim 1, which is also distinguished by the fact that it is provided with a movable bottom mounted for vertically moving the sides. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. UK patent number 1352895, cl. B 63 May 25/08, 1974 (prototype). g 6 0uf .1 AiA 7103 (rigz