SU865987A1 - Electrolyzer for dissolving current-conducting materials with alternating current - Google Patents

Description

(54) ELECTROLISER FOR DISSOLUTION OF CURRENT CONDUCTING MATERIALS BY AC VARIABLE CURRENT

I

The invention relates to color; 1, namely, the device electrolyzers for processing conductive materials with alternating current.

Electrolyzers for dissolving metals, operating on direct current D}, are known.

Such designs of electrolyzers have such disadvantages as low productivity, complexity of structures, impossibility of achieving complete dissolution.

Closest to the proposed technical entity is an electrolytic cell for dissolving materials with alternating current, comprising a rectangular body, a central vertical partition not reaching the bottom, fittings for filling and draining electrolyte 3.

The disadvantages of the design are the complexity of operation of the apparatus, low productivity, dissolution

sheet material, incomplete dissolution. The complexity of the operation of the electrolyzer is caused by the fact that each time it is loaded, careful manual packing of the sheet material on special collapsible shelf frames is required, and when disassembling it is made by j) assembling these frames. This design of the electrolyzer operates on the principle of bipolar electrodes. In the process of dissolution, holes are formed in the sheet material - pickles, the passage of current through the material is interrupted and its dissolution stops, thereby reducing the productivity of the apparatus.

The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity and simplify the operation of the electrolyzer.

This aim is achieved in that the electrolytic cell for dissolving the conductive schihmaterialov peremenno4 current comprising a rectangular housing, a central vertical partition, not income conductive to the bottom pggutsery for zapr1scheni and an electrolyte discharge, provided opuskayuschimis tokopodvodamn and mesh horizontal partitions fixed to the housing walls and central partition the lower end of which is lowered below the level of mesh partitions by 1 / 4-1 / 3 of their width, and the bottom is made in the form of a cone. The housing may have a trapezoidal shape in a plane perpendicular to the central vertical partition, and the mesh partitions are installed at an angle of 90 to the inclined walls of the housing. An additional tank is installed in the internal cavity of the electrolyzer, equipped with a hermetic cap with an air bypass valve and communicating with the main volume of the electrolyzer through a hollow central partition, the walls of the tank parallel to the walls of the cell of the electrolyzer, and the descending current leads are set at an angle equal to the angle of inclination of the housing walls. To completely dissolve the material, the electrolysis unit is provided with vertical partitions and protrusions at the bottom, parallel to the cross section of the body, with partitions placed above the depressions with a gap between the lower end of the partitions and the bottoms of the depressions, and the protrusions at the bottom have a triangular or trapezoidal shape. FIG. 1 shows a general view of the electrolyzer in cross section, perpendicular to the vertical vertical partition. Axomometric projection in the section. The electrolyzer comprises a housing 1, which is made of a dielectric material or of a metal lined with a dielectric or a dielectric insert into a metal housing. Mesh horizontal partitions 2, also made of a dielectric material, are mounted on the walls of the housing and the central vertical partition 3. Current leads 4 are lowered into the cavity of the electrolyzer either under their own catfish or mechanically. During the entire dissolution process, the lowered current leads make it possible to continuously feed the current to the processed raw material without breaking the electrical circuit. The housing T is equipped with fittings 5 and 6 for filling and draining the electrolyte and a thermostatic jacket 7. In some cases, the electrolyzer 74 may be equipped with a refrigerator or a device for heating. The bottom of the cell 8 has a conical shape for better electrolyte runoff. The central partition 3 does not reach the bottom and is lowered below the level of the mesh partitions 2 by an amount 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the width of the mesh partitions. The choice of this value is due to the fact that when it decreases or increases, there is an uneven dissolution of the loaded material due to the redistribution of the current load due to shielding. The mesh partitions 2 can be provided both collapsible and removable. This is done in order to improve the maintenance of the electrolyzer when it is stripped. The size of the openings of the cells in the mesh partitions is selected depending on the type of material being processed. During the operation of the electrolyzer, conductive materials can be loaded not only in bulk, but also into mesh baskets installed in the cell cavity. FIG. Figure 2 shows the cross section of the electrolyzer in a plane perpendicular to the central partition 3. The housing of the electrolyzer 1 has a trazceidal shape. In this case, the angle of inclination d of the side walls of the housing 1 can vary from 45 to 70, and the mesh partitions 2 are installed, at an angle of 90 to these inclined walls. The selected dimensions of the angles of inclination of the side walls of the housing 1 provide the maximum load of the electrolyser for the material being processed and the electrolyte to be filled. The angle of attachment of the mesh partitions, equal to 90 °, strengthens the design of the electrolyzer. The cell depicted in FIG. 3 contains an additional tank 2 provided with a sealed cap 3 with an air relief valve 4. The tank 2 communicates with the main volume of the cell through a hollow central partition 5. The walls of the tank 2 are parallel to the walls of the housing 1. The descending current leads 6 are set at an angle of inclination equal to the angle of inclination of the cell body. The current leads are made in the form of metal rods with external dielectric protection, at the end of which graphite plates are fixed. In some cases, the current leads can be entirely made of graphite. The additional tank 2 and the valve 4 serve to mix the electrolyte due to its pulsation with occasional squeezing with compressed air. Such a pulsation provides an increase in the rate of dissolution of the material being processed, and also does not create supersaturation in the volume of the electrolyte in soluble form.

FIG. 4 shows an electrolytic cell for complete dissolution of the processed material, which is provided with vertical partitions 2 and protrusions 3 arranged parallel to the cross section of housing 1. Partitions 2 are mounted strictly above the depressions between the projections 3.

The current is supplied to the electrolysis cell using sheet electrodes 4 only in the outermost sections. The dissolution of the material in the remaining sections is achieved due to the bipolar effect, which is provided by the gap between the lower ends of the partitions 2 and the bottoms of the valleys.

However, to completely dissolve the material particles that fall on the bottom of the valleys, a certain gap size is required, which is limited on the one hand by boiling the electrolyte in the cross section of the gap (under the action of passing current), and on the other hand, free passage of current through the electrolyte in the gap without dissolving the particles depressions (Fig. 5).

The projections 3 must have a triangular or trapezoidal shape (Fig. 3) since other shapes do not allow for the complete dissolution of the processed material. The height of the protrusions depends on the size of the electrolyzer (overall dimensions) and the distance between the partitions.

The electrolyte solution is discharged by vacuum suction. It should be noted that the shape of the body of the electrolyzer (Fig. 4) in the cross section can be varied, but the forms shown in Fig. 2 are the most acceptable. 6

The electrolyzer works as follows.

Initially, the processed material is loaded into both electrolysis tin halves on the mesh partition 2 with elevated current leads 4. Then, electrolyte solution is poured into the working space of the electrolyzer and alternating current is lowered to the electrolyte and 4 dissolving material.

At the end of the dissolving process

disconnect the voltage and discharge the solution. In the case of obtaining more concentrated solutions, repeated operations of raising the current leads and loading the dissolved are carried out.

material. The resulting solution is discharged through fitting 6. If heating or cooling is required for the dissolution process, the appropriate agent is fed

into the thermostatted jacket 7. As the 2 undissolved particles of material accumulate on the mesh partition, it is periodically cleaned.

Electrolyzer pictured on

FIG. 3 is provided with a capacity 2 integrated along the longitudinal axis, which communicates with the main volume due to the hollow partition 5. The processing material is charged in the same way as in the electrolyzers shown in FIG. 1 and 2. The electrolyte solution is poured into its cavity at the position of the valve 4 per atmosphere. The electrolyte in this position of the valve fills the container 2 and the working volume of the electrolyzer. The current leads 6 are lowered onto the material and energized. During the dissolution process, valve 4 is periodically switched from position to atmosphere to position compressed air using an automatic device. In some cases, instead of compressed air is supplied to avoid

the development of harmful oxidative processes inert gas. , Periodic squeezing of electricity:

trolit is shuffled. The discharge of the obtained solution from the electrolyzer is carried out at the position of valve 4 to the atmosphere.

The cell depicted in FIG. 4, works in the following way.

Claims (2)

In the section load the material, which is prevented by dissolution, and then pour the electrolyte solution. The current is drained to the extreme sections by means of sheet electrodes. 4. The dissolution of the material in the remaining sections is due to the bipolar effect. At the end of the dissolution, the resulting solution is drained from the electrolyzer and a new load of the dissolved material is performed. This construction ensures complete dissolution of the processed material. The use of the proposed technical solution allows pererabatshat various types and types of materials by dissolving them under the action of alternating current at a high rate of their dissolution and minimal cost of manual labor. In addition, the design of such a cell makes it easy to automate the process of dissolving the material while reducing capital costs by a factor of 2-2.5 compared with known electrolyzers. Claim 1. Electrolyzer for dissolving the to1 of conductive materials is alternating current, containing a rectangular body, a central vertical partition that does not reach the bottom, fittings for filling and draining the electrolyte, characterized in that in order to increase production and simplified operation, the electrolyzer is equipped with current-descending power supplies and horizontal mesh partitions fixed on the walls of the housing and the central partition,. the lower end of which is lower than the level of mesh partitions by 1 / 4-1 / 3 of their Eshrins, and the bottom is made in the form of a cone. 7 2. The electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that the body has a trapezoidal shape in a plane perpendicular to the central vertical partition, and the mesh partitions are installed at an angle of 90 to the inclined walls of the body. 3. Electrolyzer for PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that an additional container is built into the internal cavity of the electrolyzer, equipped with a hermetic cap with an air relief valve and communicating with the main volume of the electrolyzer by means of a hollow central partition, the walls of the additional capacitance parallel to the walls of the electrolyzer capacity, and the descending current leads are installed under angle equal to the angle of inclination of the walls of the housing. 4. Electrolyzer in PP. 1-3, characterized in that, in order to completely dissolve the material, it is made with vertical partitions and protrusions at the bottom parallel to the cross section of the body, with the partitions placed above the depressions with a gap between the lower end of the partitions and the bottoms of the depressions. 5. The electrolyzer according to claim 4, wherein the protrusions on the bottom are triangular or trapezoidal. Sources of information taken into account in the examination I 1.Baymakov Yu.V., Zhurin A.I. Electrolysis in hydrometallurgy. M., Metallurgists, 1977, p. 314, 325. 2. Chemical industry, 1972, No. I-, p. 51.