SU865213A1

SU865213A1 - Cutting apparatus

Info

Publication number: SU865213A1
Application number: SU762362262A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Иван Семенович Привалов; Михаил Емельянович Демидко; Сергей Георгиевич Фрышев; Владимир Федорович Овеченко; Виктор Андреевич Животенко; Юрий Владимирович Астафьев
Original assignee: Украинский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Садоводства; Крымский Проектно-Конструкторский Технологический Институт Главплодвинпрома Усср
Priority date: 1976-05-19
Filing date: 1976-05-19
Publication date: 1981-09-23

Description

Изобретение относится к механизации сельского хозяйства, в частности механизации обрезки кроны деревьев и кустарниковых растений, например ягодников, виноградников и др.The invention relates to the mechanization of agriculture, in particular the mechanization of pruning the crown of trees and shrubs, for example berries, vineyards, etc.

Известен режущий аппарат, содержа- 5 щий дисковые ножи переменного радиуса и установленные под углом к направлению движения аппарата пальцы с расположенными в их плоскости противорежущими ячейками ГП . ^{10 * * * *} A cutting apparatus is known, comprising 5 circular-shaped circular knives and fingers set at opposite angles to the direction of movement of the apparatus with opposing GP cells located in their plane. ^{10 * * * *}

Недостаток известного аппарата заключается в том, что при поступательном перемещении режущего аппарата ветки, заполняя область между смежными пальцами, будут срезаны только ¹⁵ тогда, когда они попадут в противорежущую ячейку. Так как противорежущая ячейка является продолжением лобовой плоскости пальца и расположена от оси вращения режущего диска на рас^ стоянии, равном его минимальному радиусу, а передний конец пальца не перекрывает задний конец лобовой плос2 кости пальца, то все ветки, до попадания в противорежущую ячейку, встречаются с вращающимися режущими дисками. При неоднократном воздействии режущей кромки диска на ветку последняя отклоняется в направлении поступательного и вращательного движения диска и получает на несрезанной части надрезы различной глубины.A disadvantage of the known apparatus is that with the translational movement of the cutting apparatus, the branches, filling the area between adjacent fingers, will be cut only ¹⁵ when they fall into the opposing cell. Since the opposing cell is a continuation of the frontal plane of the finger and is located at a distance equal to its minimum radius from the axis of rotation of the cutting disk, and the front end of the finger does not overlap the rear end of the frontal plane of the finger bone, all branches meet before reaching the opposing cell with rotating cutting discs. With repeated exposure of the cutting edge of the disk to the branch, the latter deviates in the direction of translational and rotational movement of the disk and receives cuts of various depths on the uncut part.

Цель изобретения - уменьшение повреждаемости веток.The purpose of the invention is the reduction of damage to the branches.

Эта цель достигается тем, что противорежущие ячейки выполнены под лобовой кромкой пальцев, а противоположные концы лобовых кромок соседних пальцев расположены на одной прямой, совпадающей с направлением движения аппарата.This goal is achieved by the fact that the opposing cells are made under the frontal edge of the fingers, and the opposite ends of the frontal edges of adjacent fingers are located on one straight line that coincides with the direction of movement of the apparatus.

На фиг. 1 изображен режущий аппарат, вид в плане; на фиг. 2 - то же, вид сбоку.In FIG. 1 shows a cutting apparatus, plan view; in FIG. 2 is the same side view.

Режущий аппарат включает опорный брус 1, к которому жестко крепится пластина с пальцами 2, направленными под острым углом к направлению перемещения аппарата. Пальцы имеют у основания расположенные в их плоскости противорежущие ячейки 3. В плоскости, параллельной пластине с пальцами, на валах 4 установлены дисковые ножи 5, режущая кромка которых выполнена по кривой с переменным радиусом. Привод дисковых ножей может осуществляться от любого источника энергии через цепную передачу 6, которая закрыта защитным кожухом 7.The cutting apparatus includes a supporting beam 1, to which a plate is rigidly fixed with the fingers 2, directed at an acute angle to the direction of movement of the apparatus. The fingers have opposing cells located in their plane at the base 3. In the plane parallel to the plate with the fingers, disk knives 5 are mounted on the shafts 4, the cutting edge of which is made along a curve with a variable radius. The drive of the knife blades can be carried out from any energy source through a chain transmission 6, which is closed by a protective casing 7.

Каждый из пальцев имеет лобовую кромку 8, предназначенную для формирования потока ветвей и направления их в противорежущую ячейку, а угол, под которым расположена лобовая кромка к направлению перемещения режущего аппарата, меньше или равен углу трения древесины по кромке. Противоположные концы лобовых кромок 8 соседних пальцев 2 расположены на одной прямой, совпадающей с направлением движения аппарата.Each of the fingers has a frontal edge 8, designed to form a flow of branches and direct them into the opposing cell, and the angle at which the frontal edge is located to the direction of movement of the cutting apparatus is less than or equal to the angle of friction of the wood along the edge. The opposite ends of the frontal edges 8 of the adjacent fingers 2 are located on one straight line, coinciding with the direction of movement of the apparatus.

Описываемый режущий аппарат для обрезки кроны деревьев и кустарников работает следующим образом.The described cutting apparatus for trimming the crowns of trees and shrubs works as follows.

При поступательном движении режущего аппарата ветви деревьев встречаются с лобовой кромкой 8 пальцев 2, установленных под углом к направлению поступательного движения, и перемещаются по ней к противорежущей ячейке 3.· При перемещении ветвей по лобовой кромке 8 они отклоняются от первоначального положения, в результате чего возникает сила упругости ветви, которая прижимает ветвь к пальцу. При сходе с лобовой кромки пальца 2 ветвь, стремясь занять первоначальное положение, под действием упругой силы попадает в противорежущую ячейку 3, где происходит ее срез дисковым ножом 5.With the translational movement of the cutting apparatus, the tree branches meet with the frontal edge of 8 fingers 2, set at an angle to the direction of translational motion, and move along it to the opposing cell 3. · When moving the branches along the frontal edge 8, they deviate from the original position, resulting in the elasticity of the branch, which presses the branch to the finger. When leaving the frontal edge of the finger 2, the branch, striving to occupy its original position, under the action of elastic force enters the opposing cell 3, where it is cut with a circular knife 5.

Наличие в предлагаемом режущем аппарате противорежущих ячеек и установка пальцев гребенки под углом к направлению поступательного движения аппарата позволяет формировать поток поступающих ветвей, направлять их непосредственно в противорежущую ячейку, что обеспечивает срезание ветвей без повреждения за счет надежного защемления ветвей при их срезании.The presence of contradictory cells in the proposed cutting apparatus and the installation of the comb fingers at an angle to the direction of movement of the apparatus allows the flow of incoming branches to be formed, direct them to the opposing cell, which ensures cutting of branches without damage due to reliable jamming of branches when they are cut.

Claims

(54) CUTTING APPARATUS, PREVIOUSLY FOR CUTTING CROWN OF TREES AND BUSHES The invention relates to the mechanization of agriculture, in particular the mechanization of trimming the crown of trees and shrubs, such as yearlings, vineyards and others. and set at an angle to the direction of movement of the apparatus, fingers with opposing cells G1 located in their plane. The disadvantage of the known apparatus is that, when moving forward, his staff branches, fill the area between the adjacent fingers will be cut only when they reach protivorezhuttsuyu cell. Since the shearing cell is a continuation of the frontal plane of the finger and is positioned from the axis of rotation of the cutting disk at a distance equal to its minimum radius, and the front end of the finger does not overlap the rear end of the frontal plane of the finger, all the branches meet before entering the countercurrent cell. with rotating cutting discs. When the cutting edge of a disk repeatedly acts, and the branch last deflects in the direction of the translational and rotational movement of the disk and receives cuts of different depths on the uncut part. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the damage of branches. This goal is achieved by the fact that the opposing cells are made under the frontal edge of the fingers, and the opposite ends of the frontal edges of the adjacent fingers are located on one straight line coinciding with the direction of movement of the apparatus. FIG. 1 shows a real apparatus, a plan view; on fmg. 2 - the same, side view. The cutting apparatus includes a support bar 1, to which the plate is rigidly attached with fingers 2 directed at an acute angle to the direction of movement of the apparatus. The fingers have at the base countering cells 3 located in their plane. In a plane parallel to the plate with the fingers, circular knives 5 are mounted on the shafts 4, the cutting edge of which is made along a curve with a variable radius. The circular knives can be driven from any energy source through a chain transmission 6, which is covered by a protective casing 7. Each of the fingers has a frontal edge 8, designed to form a flow of branches and direct them to the counter cell, and the angle at which the front edge is located to the direction of movement of the cutting unit, less than or equal to the angle of friction of wood along the edge. The opposite ends of the frontal edges 8 of the adjacent fingers 2 are located on one straight line coinciding with the direction of movement of the apparatus. The described cutting apparg.t for cutting the crowns of trees and shrubs works as follows. During the forward movement of the cutting apparatus, the branches of the trees meet with the frontal edge of 8 fingers 2, set at an angle to the direction of translational movement, and move along it to the shearing track 3.- When moving the branches along the frontal edge 8, they deviate from the first In this situation, as a result of itero, an elastic force of the branch arises, which presses the branch to the finger. When descending from the frontal edge of the finger 2, the branches tend to occupy the initial position, under the action of elastic force, enter the shear cell 3, where it is cut with a disk knife 5. Presence of counter cells in the proposed cutting apparatus and the installation of the comb fingers at an angle to the direction of translational motion the apparatus allows forming the flow of incoming branches, directing them directly into the opposing cell, which ensures cutting of the branches without damage due to reliable clamping of the branches when they are cut. . Claims of the invention: A cutting apparatus, mainly for trimming the crowns of trees and shrubs, containing variable-radius disk knives and angled to the direction of movement of aparathapals with opposing cells located in their plane, in order to reduce the damage of branches, counter-spreading cells are made under the frontal edge of the fingers, and the opposite ends of the frontal edges of the adjacent fingers are located on the same straight line that coincides with the direction of movement of the apparatus. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR Author's Certificate No. 33754, cl. A 01 (J 55/18,.

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