SU851196A1

SU851196A1 - Osmometer

Info

Publication number: SU851196A1
Application number: SU792715814A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Виктор Иванович Бугров; Валерий Иванович Лещинский; Владимир Иванович Кирсанов; Борис Сергеевич Крестьянкин; Виктор Александрович Матросов; Галина Федоровна Суханова
Original assignee: Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Иконструкторский Институт Научного При-Боростроения
Priority date: 1979-01-12
Filing date: 1979-01-12
Publication date: 1981-07-30

Description

(54) ОСМОМЕТР(54) OSMOMETER

II

Изобретение относитс к измерительной технике дл физико-химического анализа и предназначено дл измерени концентрации осмотически активных веществ в биологических жидкост х и растворах в биологии, медицине , а также в молочной, химической промышленности и других подобных област х .The invention relates to a measurement technique for physicochemical analysis and is intended to measure the concentration of osmotically active substances in biological fluids and solutions in biology, medicine, as well as in the dairy, chemical industry and other similar areas.

Известен осмометр, работа которого основана на измерении понижени температуры замерзани раствора по .отношению к чистому растворителю, с непосредственным охлаждением при помощи термоэлектрического ус ройства. В полость охлаждающего устройства помещаетс кювета с исследуемой пробой. Место контакта кюветы с охлаждающим , устройством смазано глицерином или маслом. В кювету помещены датчик температуры и вибратор. Дл уменьшени отвода тепла и вли ни окружающего воздуха кювета, вибратор и датчик температуры закрыты цилиндрическим кожухом 1.An osmometer is known, whose work is based on measuring the decrease in the freezing temperature of a solution in relation to a pure solvent, with direct cooling using a thermoelectric device. A cuvette with the sample under test is placed in the cavity of the cooling device. The contact point of the cuvette with a cooling device, lubricated with glycerin or oil. A temperature sensor and a vibrator are placed in the cuvette. To reduce heat dissipation and the influence of the ambient air, the cuvette, the vibrator and the temperature sensor are covered with a cylindrical housing 1.

Однако этот осмометр не рассчитан на работы с малыми объемами проб (минималь-ный объем пробы 0,2 мл).However, this osmometer is not designed to work with small sample volumes (minimum sample volume 0.2 ml).

Наиболее близким по технической сущности к предлагаемому вл етс осмометр.The closest in technical essence to the present is an osmometer.

содержащий измерительную головку с термощупом , установленным по оси съемной кюветы дл исследуемой пробы, и вибратором с электромагнитной системой, охлаждающее устройство, схему автоматического регулировани температуры охлаждающего устройства и схему измерени 2.containing a measuring head with a probe that is installed along the axis of the removable cuvette for the test sample, and a vibrator with an electromagnetic system, a cooling device, an automatic temperature control circuit of the cooling device, and a measuring circuit 2.

Однако больща скорость отвода тепла от исследуемой пробы делает невозможным измерение истинной температуры точки замерзани в малых объемах; отсутствие автоматизации процесса управлени всеми However, the greater the rate of heat removal from the sample under study makes it impossible to measure the true freezing point temperature in small volumes; lack of automation of the process of managing all

10 фазами измерени снижает точность измерений и затрудн ет его эксплуатацию.The 10 measurement phases reduce the measurement accuracy and make it difficult to operate.

Цель изобретени - повыщение точности и воспроизводимости измерений.The purpose of the invention is to increase the accuracy and reproducibility of measurements.

Дл этого в осмометр введены схема срав- нени , генератор, исполнительное устройство For this purpose, a comparison scheme, a generator, an actuator

15 два логических элемента ИЛИ и один И, причем выход схемы измерени соединен со входом схемы сравнени , первый выход которой с одной стороны через первый вход одного элемента ИЛИ соединен с исполнительным устройством, выход которого св зан 15 two logical elements OR and one AND, and the output of the measurement circuit is connected to the input of the comparison circuit, the first output of which is connected to the actuator from one side through the first input of one OR element

Claims

20 with a measuring head and a START button, on the other hand, with the first input of the AND element, and two generator outputs are connected respectively to the first through the second input of the AND element to the first input of another OR element, the second through the START button to the second input of the same OR element, output which is connected to the input of the electromagnetic system of the vibrator, and the second output of the comparison circuit is connected to the second input of the first OR element. The drawing shows a structural diagram of an osmometer. The osmometer contains a measuring head 1 including a probe 2 and a vibrator 3 with an electromagnetic system 4, a cuvette 5, a measurement circuit 6, a comparison circuit 7, logic elements OR 8 and 9, element 10, an START button 11, generator 12, an actuator 13, the cooling device 14 and the automatic temperature control circuit 15 of the cooling device. The measuring head 1 can be in three fixed positions: upper (idle), middle and lower m. In the initial state, the measuring head 1 occupies the upper position, in which the probe 2 and the vibrator 3 are in the air. The cuvette 5 with the test sample is placed in the chamber of the cooling device 14, which is partially filled with antifreeze (antifreeze) liquid. The temperature in the chamber is maintained by the automatic control circuit 15 at a predetermined level. When the measuring head 1 is moved to the lower position, the START button 11 is automatically turned on, the probe 2 and the vibrator 3 are lowered into the cuvette 5 with the test sample so that the probe 2 is in the center of the sample and the cuvette 5 itself is immersed in antifreeze. From the output of the generator 12 through the button 11 START, the element OR 9 and the electromagnetic system 4 turns on the vibrator 3 with the frequency fi. When this happens slow moving, reducing the temperature gradient of the sample. The signal corresponding to the temperature of the sample through the probe 2 and the measurement circuit B is fed to the comparison circuit 7. When the set supercooling temperature is reached, a control pulse of the required duration is output from the comparison circuit 7 from one side through the element OR 8 to the actuator 13, from the other - to the input of the element AND 10. The actuator 13 transfers the measuring head 1 to the middle position, turning off button 11 START. The cuvette 5 rises above the antifreeze, simultaneously with the output of the generator 12 through the element AND 10, the element OR 9 and the electromagnetic system 4 turns on the vibrator 3 with the frequency of which the sample undergoes intense movement, i.e. introducing a seed causing a violent crystallization process with the release of latent heat melting. The temperature of the test sample rises to the true freezing temperature, remaining constant until the end of the crystallization process. At the same time, from the second input of the comparison circuit 7, a control signal is output to the actuator 13 through the OR 8 element, which brings the measuring head to the upper position. Reducing the temperature gradient of the test sample during the cooling process until the seed is applied, automatic control of the degree of overcooling and the true freezing temperature with simultaneous changes in heat exchange conditions allows reducing the sample volume, improving the accuracy and reproducibility of measurements, as well as simplifying the maintenance of the osmometer. An osmometer comprising a measuring head with a probe that is installed along the axis of a removable cuvette for the test sample, and a vibrator with an electromagnetic system, a cooling device, an automatic temperature control circuit of the cooling device, and a measurement circuit, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of measurements , a comparison circuit, a generator, an actuator, two OR or one AND logic elements are introduced into it, with the output of the measurement circuit connected to the input of the circuit with The first output of which is on one side through the first input of one element OR is connected to an actuator, the output of which is connected to the measuring head and the START button, on the other hand to the first input of the AND element, while the first output of the generator through the second input of the AND element connected to the first input of another OR element, and the second through the START button with the second input of the same OR element, the output of which is connected to the input of the electromagnetic system of the vibrator, and the second output of the comparison circuit is connected to the second input of the first element OR. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. Czechoslovak Socialist Republic patent No. 134193, cl. 42 1 13/03, 1969.

2. USSR author's certificate JMb 626395, cl. G 01 N 13/04, 1977 (prototype).