SU844460A1 - Optical method of checking the position of hull structures and lines of ship in building berth - Google Patents

Description

the point was within, and the projection of the point being checked is obtained at the intersection of the said intersecting lines.

In order to reduce the time required to perform the work, the check is carried out simultaneously by two theodolites installed over the two corresponding base points on the horizontal plane.

FIG. 1 shows an axonometric projection of the horizontal stocks with a certain portion of the outer cover above it; in fig. 2 — projection onto the horizontal plane of the stocks of a certain waterline of a vessel passing through the point being checked on the outer cover; in fig. 3 — projection onto the horizontal plane of the stocks of a certain waterline of the vessel under conditions of testing by a theodolite from one base point on the stocks; in fig. 4 - axonometric image of the section (block) of the ship hull, built on the slipway; in fig. 5 - axonometric image of the aft end of the vessel, built on the slipway; in fig. 6 is a cross section of the aft end of the vessel on the stocks in FIG. 5 along the shaft, the points of which are checked according to the invention, with external slipway forests; in fig. 7 is a projection on the horizontal plane of the waterlines of the ship area in FIG. 5 passing through the test points on the outer skin; in fig. 8 is an axonometric image of a section of the bow of the vessel with a bulbous form of the nose, built on the slipway.

The verification of the position of the hull structures and the hull of the ship on the stocks, as well as the projection onto the horizontal plane of any points of the hull of the ship, is carried out as follows.

For projecting onto a horizontal plane 1 of the stocks of a certain point L located on the hull 2 of a vessel built on the stocks, a theodolite 3 is installed on the horizontal plane 1 of the stocks over the base point B located arbitrarily relative to the checked point L and outside the zone of the slipways 4 or other structures outside or inside the vessel that prevent verification work. Following this, the theodolite telescope 3 is guided to the checked point A and the vertical plane P passing through the point L is projected to the intersection with the horizontal plane 1 and the trace of the intersection of the planes P and 1 is plotted on it by marking two control points / C and / and passing through them the secant direct Kl.

Then the theodolite 3 is installed above the second arbitrary base point C on the horizontal plane 1, located so that., Which is a projection of Z-BAC on the horizontal plane 1, is in the range of about 30 ° 120.

When installing a theodolite over one or another base point (B or C)), it is not necessary to perform the operation of centering it over this point, since the position of points B VI C is indicative and should provide only the convenience of projection and the observance of the aforementioned limits for changing the angle a .

Similarly, the projection of the point L on the horizontal plane 1 from the base point B leads the vertical plane Q through the base point C and the checked point L to the intersection with the horizontal plane 1, mark on it the trace of the intersection of the planes Q and 1 using two

control points of tili conducting Through them the secant line tp.

The point L at the intersection of the intersecting lines / S / and TP is the desired projection on the horizontal plane 1 of the checked

point L, located on the hull. After finding point A, the distance from the point L on the horizontal plane 1 to the corresponding base lines on the slipway, for example, to the DP or buttock (to determine the half-width of the point L) or to the mid-frame or control from it (to determine the position of point L along the length of the vessel), etc.

In order to reduce the time required to perform the work, the projection of the point L on the horizontal plane 1 is performed simultaneously by two theodolites 3 installed under both base points B and C.

If there is a control line 5 on the horizontal plane 1, which is located in the same vertical plane with the checked point L, only one intersecting line (Kl) from the base point B is projected onto the horizontal plane 1, and the projection A of the checked point L is obtained at the intersection of the secant line K.1 with the control line 5, which by example

shown in FIG. 3 is a projection of the plane of the frame passing through point L, and FIG. 8 - DP line stocks. Depending on circumstances, the line of buttocks and other base lines of the stocks can also be used as control lines for determining the point L. Using the optical method according to the invention, the position of the sections can be checked during their installation.

on the stocks, for example, the side section (Fig. 4). In this case, theodolite 3 is installed above the base point B and in the manner described above, from a single installation, vertical planes passing through point S and test points L, D and on the side section are projected onto horizontal plane 1. Similarly, the projection from the base point C is performed and, at the intersection of the corresponding intersecting lines, the points L, D vi E are the projections of the points to be checked, L, D and - on the horizontal plane 1, after which the distance from the points L, D is measured. and E to DP meter or tape measure. One inspector performs this work, and there is no need for him to climb directly to the area of checked points L, O and in the upper part of the onboard section of the vessel; Stacking forests in the area of the section being tested (not shown in Fig. 4) are also not an obstacle to performing the inspection.

Inspection of the outer circumference of the vessel on the stocks (Figs. 5, 6, 7) is carried out similarly to the technology described above for checking the onboard section at half-width, with the difference that from one installation of theodolite 3 above this base point (first B and then C ) the whole family of vertical planes is projected, which passes through the checked points of the La LL of this frame, located at the intersection of the outer panel with the plane of the frame and the corresponding water lines (1ВЛ, 2ВЛ- ВЛ). From the same theodolite installation, vertical planes are projected through the corresponding points checked on adjacent sheathing frames, thus covering, from a single theodolite 3 setting, a significant area of the outer covering of the ship’s hull 2, limited only by the above limits of the angle a so that the intersection of the corresponding section lines did not occur under a small (or too large) angle in order to eliminate errors in determining the desired point A at their intersection.

The optical verification method according to the invention makes it possible to determine the position of the points of the hull 2 of the vessel also in cases where by known methods this is feasible only by welding 2 hull long flanges to the hull with the device of the corresponding scaffolding at a height to access the points to be checked. So, for example, projecting points A and L of the nasal tip, located in the DP trunk (Fig. 8), onto the horizontal plane of the 1 stocks to determine the main dimensions of the vessel (the greatest length of the vessel, the length between the perpendiculars, the length at the VL, the length at the DP and others) with a bulbous form of the nose, performed by placing theodolite 3 at one base point B in the manner described above. The desired points A, - the projections of the checked points LF ACh-An on the horizontal plane 1, are obtained at the Intersection of the corresponding intersecting lines with the baseline of the DP on the stocks.

The testing operations according to the invention are described above with examples of building ships on a horizontal slipway (or on any other horizontal construction site), but they can equally well be performed on inclined stocks. At the same time, the tested points of the hull; They are projected onto any surfaces located in convenient places for taking measurements (for example, from PD). Such surfaces may include: the surface of an inclined slipway, the surface of the descent tracks, the horizontal surface of the near-bedding platform, the flooring of the second floor, etc.

According to the invention, it is highly advisable to check the actual position of structures such as signal and cargo masts, transverse bulkheads, mines, etc., by measuring deviations from their theoretical coordinates.

As a result of the implementation of the present invention, the following advantages will be obtained in comparison with the known verification methods:

the laboriousness of testing, assembly, welding and carpentry and the number of workers involved are reduced;

production culture is increased.

Claims (2)

1. Optical method for checking the position of hull structures and ship by-lines on the slipway, containing the operations of combining the vertical bar of the theodolite telescope with the point to be checked on the ship hull structure and projecting this point on the horizontal plane, in order to reduce the laboriousness of the verification work and works on the installation of slipway scaffolding, the theodolite is installed on a horizontal plane above the base point, located arbitrarily relative to the test points and outside Stacking scaffolding and other structures that prevent the inspection, lead theodolite telescope to the inspected point, project the vertical plane passing through this point onto the horizontal plane and mark on it a trace of the vertical plane by marking two control points and passing through them of the section line, the operation of projecting the tested point onto the horizontal plane is repeated when the theodolite is installed over the second base point located so that the projection of the angle a obsided from ezkami line between each of the base and the projection points of the test spot was within 30 °, and the projection of the test spot get in the intersection of the mentioned intersecting lines. 2. The verification method of claim 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce the time required to perform the work, the testing is carried out simultaneously by two theodolites installed over the two corresponding base points on the horizontal plane. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Adler Stein L., Ship Inspector, L., “Shipbuilding, 1972, p. 134-135, fig. 6 and 11. 2. In the same place 133-134, fig. 6 and 10 (prototype). x