SU841629A1 - Foam forming composition - Google Patents

Description

one

This invention relates to foaming compositions for obtaining mechanical-mechanical foams with enhanced stability and intended for various applications, for example, for fire extinguishing, for isolating surfaces of toxic and foul-smelling liquids, for damping a shock wave and reducing dust formation during blasting operations, for mining. plants for the processing of coarse materials.

Aqueous mixtures based on synthetic surface-active substances (surfactants) are known, which usually contain surfactants - foaming agents, foam stabilizers (promoters), and stabilizers. dietary supplements 1.

Foaming compositions of type PO-1 are known, which are an aqueous concentrate of salts of sulfonephthalic acids (84 ± 3 wt.%), Bone glue (4.5 ± 1%) and ethyl alcohol (11 + 1%) 12.

These formulations do not meet modern requirements due to poor stability of foams, especially at higher multiplicity values, low fire extinguishing efficiency, high working concentration (6%) and practically unsolvable problems associated with their utilization, due to biological rigidity and toxicity of the components.

Known foaming composition, which as a foaming agent contains 70 wt.%. alkyl sulfates (preferably sodium or tri0 ethanolamine salts of lauryl sulfate), as stabilizers - 3-5% monoethanolamides of lauric acid or coconut oil fatty acids and 2-4% fatty alcohols Cg-C, and

5 also 20-30% of conditioning additives (butyl celloslose egeksilen-glykol). In addition, an additive of 0.01-0.05% fluorine or organosilicon substance was added to this composition, which improves the generation of foam 3.

However, this composition is intended solely for the purpose of fire extinguishing and does not possess sufficient foam stability. In addition, he does not

5 can be used on water with high salinity (for example, sea water) and is a paste-like formulation, which is difficult to apply at reduced temperatures.

Closest to the present invention is a foaming liquid 4 for producing fire-fighting air-mechanical foams. As a foaming agent, it contains lauryl ethoxy sulfate of the general formula

 H,., 50. (CH, jCHaO) p CHaCH2030 „, X,

where n 1-4 ,. X i Na, K, NH

four

fatty alcohol sulfates as stabilizers, where R CgHj is C H, d, Y is triethanolamine, and ethylene or propylene glycol and lower alcohols as antifreeze in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Lauryl ethoxy sulfate 40-60 Alkyl sulfate CQ-C, 15-30 Ethylene or propylene glycol 5-30 Ethanol or butanol 2-10 In the known composition alkyl sulfate serves as foam stabilizers. However, they are contained in amounts commensurate with the content of the foaming agent, therefore this mixture should be considered as a synergistic mixture of surfactants. As a result, the foams obtained from it are not very stable. In addition, the composition serves to produce low-expansion foams that are used only in fire fighting.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the generation and increase the stability of the foam with increased magnification values.

This goal is achieved by using a synergistic mixture of alkyl sulfates ROSOo, M, where K Cd-CJQ (preferably,) M Na, NH NH jCCo H / jOHjj and alkyl ethoxy sulfate RO (C, lH, 0) ZOa, M, where R is C, p 2-4, M Na, as foam stabilizers - fatty alcohols fraction - C, and alkylolamides of fatty acids if, as conditioning additives - butyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol or butyl cellosolve, or their mixture with urea or the following ratio of components recipe wt.%:

. Alkyl sulfates 10-16

Alkyl ethoxy sulfates 4-20 Fatty alcohols1-3

Alkylolamide fatty acids1-3

Conditioning additives10-30

including: Primary or secondary butyl alcohol or Butyl cellosolve, 8-20 Urea0-20

WaterEverything

Using a mixture of alkyl sulphates with alkyl ethoxy sulphates as a foaming base makes it possible to maximize, thereby increasing the stability of the resulting foam without compromising the stability of the formulation at lower temperatures. At the same time, the complete replacement of alkyl sulfates with alkyl ethoxy in the foaming agent. sulphates are, however, expedient, due to the deterioration of the stability of alkyl ethoxy sulfate-based foams in combination with the above stabilizers. With two foam stabilizers, they are better generated and more stable than one. The increased content of stabilizers in the proposed foaming composition is compared with the known one and causes low surface tension of its working solutions (up to 24 dyn / cm) and very high stability of foams on surfaces of organic liquids, as well as on earth and concrete surfaces. The exclusion of any component or a change in the composition beyond the above limits worsens or is homogeneous. nosnost formulation, or the generation of foam or its stability.

The composition is obtained by simply mixing the components at 40-50 sec. The components are introduced into the mixer in the following order: butyl alcohol (GOST 5208-74) and (or) butyl cellosolve (MPTU 6-01-222-68), fatty acid monoethanolamides (TU 38-10797-76) fatty alcohols (GOST 13937 -68) alkyl sulfates (STP 75-82 Shebekinsky chemical plant, TU 38-10756-75, TU 38-10755-75 or TU 38-10719-77), alkyl ester sulphates (TU 38-40751-74) and urea (GOST 6691 -67),

The foaming capacity, characterized with an index of multiplicity, and the resistance of the foam to runoff, characterized with the index of syneresis, is assessed according to a standard procedure on an RT-1 device.

PRI me R 1.

Sodium alkyl sulfates 16

Alkyl (ethoxy X 3) sulfates

on three -

Primary fatty alcohols

fractions - (b

Monoethanolamide fatty

2

acids C., d - C

10 20 Butyl alcohol Urea

OTHERWATER

To prepare 1000 kg of the proposed composition, iOO kg of n-butyl alcohol, 20 kg of monoethane-olamides and 20 kg of fatty alcohols are supplied to the mixing reactor. The mass is stirred for about 30 minutes at 40-50 ° C and alkyl sulfates and alkyl ethoxy sulfates are added, which are usually 30% aqueous solutions: 530 and 130 kg, respectively, 200 kg of urea are then added. The resulting finished product is mixed for 10-15 minutes and poured into barrels, being careful when pumping images of foam. . The proposed composition was a homogeneous amber-yellow liquid with a viscosity at 20 ° C, about 22 C, and at 5 ° C, about 41 Its cloudiness, however, it retains its fluidity up to the freezing point (about -10-C) and multiple freezing and feeding does not lead to the formation of an odor and does not impair its homogeneity. When diluted with a 1:25 formulation, a foaming solution is obtained with a surface tension of about 24 dyn / cm. Example 2. Sodium alkyl alkyl sulfates Xu C, 1 alkyl (ethoxy X 3) sodium sulfate C, o - C, .j15 Fatty alcohols of fraction C, -, 5 Monoethanolamides of fatty acids - C,;, butyl alcohol. The order of introduction of the components, the temperature conditions and the mixing time are the same as in Example 1. However, with a high relative content of alkyl ethoxy sulfates (in this case, 500 kg of a 30% solution per 1 ton of product) there is no need for the presence of urea. Point of turbidity recipes. The remaining figures are close to those given in Example 1. Example 3. Sodium alkyl sulfates Alkyl (ethoxy X 3) ammonium sulfates C, g. - C. Fatty alcohols of fraction C, -, 1 Fatty acid monoethanolamides - Cbut Butyl alcohol Urea Water All of Example 1, but instead of ethoxy sulfates sodium, ammonium C alkyl sulfates in the amount of 200 kg of 40% stretch per 1 ton of product. The recirculation indices are close to those given in Example 1. Example 4. I triethanolamine salts of ethyl sulfates -ii Alkyl (ethoxy x3) sodium sulfates GIO - C, Fatty alcohols of fraction C, Monoethanolamides of fatty acids - C, t, Butyl alcohol Ostine Urea20 WaterOstalker according to example 1, but instead of sodium sulphates, their ethanolamine salts are introduced. Parameters of epptura are similar to those described in the reamer. 1. Example 5 Sodium sodium alkyl sulfates, C, g (Tipol) Sodium sodium llkylethoxysulfates - Fatty alcohols of the Cj2 fraction - (6 Monoethanolamides. Fatty acids - Cj6, Butyl alcohol. Butyl tsellosolv Water Else 1 t of the product; % of Tipol, 640 kg of 32% altoxy sulfates, 20 kg of mononolamides and fatty alcohols, kg of butanol and butyl cellosolve each, and opacification of the formulations. General indicators are close to those given in Example 1. The proposed foaming counter can be used in less than de ratios of 30 or even 1:40 when receiving kokratnyh foams). PRI me R 6. Sodium alkyl sulfates, sodium alkyl ethoxy sulfates - Fatty alcohols of fraction C, o Fatty acid monoethanolamides Sdo-, Butyl cellosolve Urea Else Everything in example 1, but instead of buol, butyl cellosolve is added. The point of turbidity of the formulation is very high (8 ° C). However, the high foam rate is more stable. In tab. Table 1 shows the results of testing foams from the proposed and two ianthans of known composition: sodium lauryl (ethoxy) sulphate triethanolamine alkyl sulphate salts p - p -8 t Propylene glycol Butdanol lauril (ethoxy xz) sodium sulphate triethanolamine alkyl sulphate salts C. n - C Ethylene glycol Ethanol Yen the exponential and known compositions are approximately the same in terms of multiplicity (Table 1), then the proposed composition exceeds the known one by 3-5 times in the tendency to moaning (syneresis). The stability of high foams is estimated by the time of their half destruction in the Shirak interval of multiplicities (K). Foams are obtained on a laboratory foam generator with a metal grid cell size of 0.2x0.2 m. After filling one-liter chemical glasses with a stopwatch, the time of destruction of half of the initial volume of foam in them is recorded, which is taken as the stability criterion. The test results of the proposed structure in comparison with the known in 1% concentration are given in table. 2. For a known composition, notes the failure of foam generation at K 300. For all values of K foam, the proposed composition is more stable than the foam of a known composition. Table a 1 Example 1: 1.0 7.0 0.5 7.0 0.25 6.8

Foaming time of the half destruction of foams, min

Table Continued table. 1 0.255.8 1.0.6.8 0.57.0 0.256.8 1.07.3 0.57.0 0.256.8 1.07.0 0.56.5 0.256.4 1.06.8 0, 56.6 0.255.5

1 (on the sea. As shown by low and high-multiplicity foam stability tests, the proposed foaming composition is superior to known compositions. The foams it produces have high insulating and wetting ability, good fire extinguishing effect. It can be used on fresh water of any hardness, and necessary and in sea water. For the manufacture of foams, any standard foam generators I (SVPM-2, SVP-4 low-expansion foams, GVPV-160 for medium and high-expansion foams, etc.) and foam fire extinguishers (t Ipa OVPM-8).

The proposed composition is used in a small working concentration, has a convenient commodity form, and its components are manufactured in an industrial manner. They are well biodegradable, have a slight irritant and toxic effects on the human body. After the expiration of the established storage periods, the proposed composition can be used for fire extinguishing as a wetting agent and for washing various containers, production rooms and equipment. Its use will lead to an improvement in working conditions and an increase in labor productivity in various areas of potential, increasing the effectiveness of fire protection.

Claims (4)

1.Matveeva G.I. Fire extinguishing agents. Review of patents, M., VNIIPO, 1976, p. 20, 2. GOST 694b-70,. 3. The patent of Germany 1621720, 5 cl, 61 b 2, published, 1972, 4. Patent Czechoslovakia number 14b708, cl. 61 a12 / 07, publ. 1972.