SU83153A1 - Dam intake - Google Patents

Description

The practice of operating existing water intakes on mountain rivers in many cases has shown the unsatisfactory performance of water intake facilities.

The main reason for the poor performance of water intake facilities on mountain rivers is the influx of huge amounts of sediment into main canals and derivation. Driving water intake structures and main canals causes interruption in the water supply of irrigation, hydropower and other consumers, the need for periodic clearing of these facilities and, therefore, a huge investment of time, money and labor.

The proposed water intake dam, consisting of two onshore and several channel receiving chambers, is designed to protect the derivation from bottom sediment.

A distinctive feature of the proposed water intake dam is that its water inlet part is made up of separate water intake chambers that are open at the top and have horizontal diaphragms located in front of the bulls and abutments on the upstream side.

Water from the intake chambers to the diversion channel is diverted through pressure galleries located in the underwater part of the structure.

The advantages of the proposed water intake dam include the following: combining the discharge of solid and excess liquid flow B in one place, which makes it possible to use the excess flow in the river for further transportation of solid flow from the structure; the invariance of the flow direction of the water intake structure, as a result of which there are no swirls weighing the bottom sediments; Preventing the ingress of not only bottom sediments, but also heavily loaded sediments and a high intake factor.

No. 83153-2 -

FIG. 1 shows a plan for a water inlet nlotina; in fig. 2 is a section along the aa-pa of fig. one; in fig. 3 is a section along BB in FIG. one; in fig. 4 is a section along BB in FIG. one.

The water intake dam has two onshore and several channel water intake chambers U and 2. Coastal chambers 1 end with a mouth 3, a channel 2 with gobies 4. The number of chambers in each particular case depends on the width of the river, its flow fluctuations and the water intake flow. At the end of the upper reach, at the end of each chamber, small gobies 5 are installed with tread grooves 6. By placing shandors in slots 6 and 13, separate chambers can be turned off for inspection and repair.

Water intake chambers are made open at the top and are located horizontally along the weir front of the dam. Water enters the receiving chambers from above through the grids 7. From the water-receiving chambers to the head structure of the main channel 8, water is discharged through the pressure galleries 9. The drainage to the main drainage network passes from each section to a separate pressure gallery. The cross section of the pressure galleries can be of any shape, depending on the required size and conditions of implementation. In the river bed, it is more expedient for the galleries to give a rectangular section of one or more cells, depending on the cross section of the gallery and the possibility of its height above the bottom of the river bed. Verkhova Nagornaya Gallery, crossing the river and rising above the bottom of the river, forms a threshold.

Inside the water intake chamber, a horizontal diaphragm W is located on a part of its length. The diaphragm promotes a more even flow of water through the grid throughout its length and prevents the formation of a suction funnel at the beginning of the chamber and turbulence of bottom sediments involving the latter in the chambers.

The end or end of the chamber has a bottom opening J} inside, which is blocked by a shutter shield 12 and is provided for the case when the water intake chamber is to be flushed from sediment.

Steers of channel chambers and abutments of coastal chambers have grooves 13 and 14 for Shandors and shields 15. Shields 15 are designed to create water retention in the upstream and concentrate and combine the discharge of solid and liquid runoff at low flow rates in the river. Instead of the flat shields 15 shown in the drawing, gates of other structures (segment, cylindrical, etc.) can be used, which does not violate the principle of the receiving water circuit.

The elevation above the river bottom of the pressure galleries creates the threshold of the water intake. The bottom of the chute 16, both on the length of the water receiving chambers and between the piers and bulls, is reinforced with concrete laying or with large block paving of rubble or granite stone on concrete preparation and cement mortar (depending on the size of the carried sediment sediment).

Behind the bulls of the water intake there is a water well 17 with a threshold 18. Behind the threshold, a channel is fastened (apron 19), and on the banks of the river at the entrance and exit of the water receiver, mount 20 out of concrete or masonry on cement mortar.

At low flow rates in the river, the openings between the bulls 4 and the foundations 3 overlap the closures, as a result of which a backwater is formed, and water flows through the water intake sections and pressure galleries into the main canal. With a slight excess of flow in the river over flow taken into the canal, excess water is discharged from the lower pool. The flow rate in the channel is regulated by shields in the head structure.

the canal, the discharge to the lower reach and the horizon of the upper reach are controlled by the water intake valves. By maneuvering the water receiving valves 12, it is possible to create a concentrated discharge of water and sediment to the downstream along one of the intersection trays, in the place of the most favorable conditions for the further transportation of sediment that has passed through the structure.

Depending on the saturation of the flow of suspended sediment and the magnitude of the Gyodpore created by the intake valves, with the partial use of water intake sections, the possibility of deposition of suspended sediments in the water receiving chamber itself is not excluded. These: sediment can be washed into the downstream by a single pass through the discharge hole 11 (in the body of a bull or usto).

Subject invention

Claims (2)

1. A water intake dam, in which the water intake part is located on the dam's water front, characterized in that the water intake part is made up of separate chambers open at the top, located in front of the bulls and dam foundations from the headwater and communicating with the discharge channel galleries located in the underwater part of the structure. 2. The form of the water intake dam according to claim 1, characterized in that horizontal diaphragms are made within the water intake chambers for a part of their length. - 3 - # 83153 20 20 Lj. / I I And J- I 5 - fir 1 I II  P    h v   four / 20 U 7 u. 6 59 Yu j iin-l J A-f ( &. Fig 2 Bb ii.iSS s 5S; iS:: 4 s -s- :; ss55§ S; S $ 55 5s: sSwVi v ,; ; A; vv; 5 -:; v 4, 18 .19