SU826513A1 - Reversible thyratron motor - Google Patents

Description

(54) REVERSIBLE VENTILATED ENGINE

Claims (4)

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular, to special electric machines and can be used in an automated electric drive.  Known valve motors (VD) with adjustable duty ratio and earlier do not enable the contactless switches of the switch. In one VDD, the well and angle of advance of switching the keys of the mutator are adjusted in the design of the rotor position sensor, in others it is implemented in the control system by means of industrial electronics.  A representative of the first type of VD is a device in which the rotor position sensor (DPR) is made with an axially mutually moving stator and rotor.  The symmetric p-beam rotor has the shape of profiled sectors with varying lengths. the axis of rotation is the angular size of the sector; here p is the number of pole pairs of the electric motor inductor.  The sensing elements of the DPR are placed on the stator and are driven by the rotor's profiled sector.  The adjustment of the duty cycle and the advance angle is made by moving the stator with sensing elements in the axial direction manually or using an electromagnetic traction device.  The significant inertia of the adjustment process is the main obstacle to the use of similar HP in automated electric drive systems.  In addition, the DPR is complex in design and has large weight-dimensional indicators, commensurate with the indicators of a low-power electric motor.  In another device, a slightly different principle of adjusting the duty ratio is applied.  DPR is a multiwinding rotating transformer containing alternating coils of primary and secondary windings on the stator sleeves (two primary and three secondary windings).  Each first winding is connected to a variable in amplitude source of a voltage source (frequency of 2 kHz) of the secondary winding are connected in series and differentially in magnetic flux.  When the eubchatogo rotor rotates, the coefficient of magnetic flux casf ai between the coils of the primary and secondary windings changes.  In this case, the envelope of the alternating voltage at the output of the secondary winding varies in amplitude as a function of the angular position of the rotor.  Adjusting the half-wavelength angles of the output voltage envelope (duty cycle) is made by varying the amplitude of the alternating voltage of the primary windings.  Dunn The principle of DPR construction allows for higher performance adjustment of the speed ratio in comparison with the first device 2. However, the maximum speed is limited by the parameters of the filters that, together with the demodulators, are needed in the device for extracting the envelope of the output voltage. t is the phase shift in the output voltage of the DPR, which varies with the frequency of rotation of the motor.  The sensor is characterized by low efficiency, due to the presence of an air gap in the path of the working magnetic flux, large dimensions due to the need for placement, a large number of coils along the stator bore and laboriously increasing production with a decrease in the size of the device.  The second type VD are more promising in which the DPR has an extremely simple structure consisting of a stator with sensitive elements and a rotor with signal sectors, and the adjustment of the switchboard switching power supply terminal is produced by means of industrial electronics.  A device is known in which the angle of the hinge sector (5.  Satisfies Ratio. ) c-oC, and the device control angle includes the signal generator with adjustable power and logic boxes Unequivalence AND rushing, 4 oL, the open state angle of the switch keys, |) is the power switching ahead angle of the switch.  The generator start is synchronized with DPR output signals.  Adjustment of the advance angle fb is made by delaying the output signals of the DPR sensitive elements using the above-mentioned logic circuits.  The delay time is set by a signal generator of adjustable duration 3J.  This principle of building VD, with the undeniable simplicity of the implementation of achieving maximum speed, has two significant drawbacks.  Firstly, the turn-on angle and the duty ratio are values directly proportional to the period of rotation of the motor.  Investigator-.  1O, a signal generator of adjustable length should form signals directly proportional to the duration of the rotational speed period, where T is the rotational frequency period.  For this reason, in the region of low rotational frequencies (bC – O), the duration of the generated pulses becomes large (tr, their formation is practically difficult.  This phenomenon limits the performance of this device.  Secondly, when using this device for a VD with a thyristor commutator, it must be supplemented with a rather cumbersome linear motor rotation speed sensor to ensure the stability of the advance angle of the thyristors on (P gp-1p G P speed control of the VD rotation frequency; the latter is a necessary condition for self-switching switch thyristors due to the back-EMF of the electric machine, here if is the angle of switching, is the angle of the stock.  An increase in the advance angle () is undesirable due to a decrease in the torque of the VD MQ Kjc-osfbccSj, where is the switching angle.  Closest to the proposed by the technical essence and the task being solved is an RLTD VD containing a stator with a crust winding, a rotating inductor of electromagnetic type, DPR with sensitive elements like saturation throttle, a contactless switch connecting the root winding sections along. DPR signals, a high-frequency alternating voltage source, a block of three unregulated time delays connected in series to a friend, each of which is performed on one transistor, shifted to an open state along the base circuit and time of the master capacitor connected by the first output to the base of the transistor, and second to the output of another time delay, the second output of the capacitor of the first time delay is connected to a source of high-frequency alternating voltage, and a shaper of the output signal of each frequency and void element comprising an amplifier NAND gate and R. -5 trigger with two-input matching elements at the inputs to the first input of which is connected to the amplifier output, one directly, and the second through the logical element NOT, the output of the first time delay is connected to the second, the input of the first coincidence circuit output of the second time delay; the second input of the second matching circuit.  This VD has a simple, compact DPR, has a reliable start and the ability to reverse, and also provides a clear and economical operation of contactless switchboard keys. However, the lack of re-billing of the duty cycle and the advance angle of switching on the contactless switches of the switch limits the scope of application of this VD, especially in systems of an automated controlled electric drive.  The purpose of the invention is to expand the range of application of VD by introducing into the device elements that provide smooth, inertialess adjustment of the space and the advance angle of switching on the contactless switches of the switch at any direction and frequency of rotation of the electric motor.  This goal is achieved by the fact that in a reversible valve motor containing a stator with a crust winding, a rotating rotor of electromagnetic type, DPR with sensitive elements such as a saturation throttle, a contactless switch, a constant voltage converter, and a variable block of two time delays connected in series to each other, each of which is performed on a single transistor, shifted to the open state through the base circuit and the time of the driving capacitor connected by the first output to the transistor base ra, and an output shaper of a chuan-guitin cell element, including an amplifier, an inverter to P. 5 trigger with two-input elements coinciding at the inputs, the first input of which is connected to the output of the amplifier, one directly, and the second through an inverter, the output of the first time delay is connected to the second input of the first element and the output of the second time delay is connected to the second input of the second of the coincidence element, the first time delay further comprises a synchronizing transistor, the collector of which is connected directly to the second terminal, the ead time. The main capacitor and through the current-limiting resistor to the control voltage source, the base terminal of the synchronizing transistor is connected via a resistor to the output of the constant voltage converter, alternating, and the rotor sensor element is also magnetized in the direction of the larger diagonal.  FIG.  1 shows a schematic diagram of the VD; in fig.  2 and FIG.  3 - time diagrams of voltages on individual nodes of the circuit.  VD contains DPR 1 containing a stator 2 with sensitive elements 3, 4.5 and rotor 6, a constant voltage to high frequency variable voltage converter 7 (frequency about 2 kHz), single type drivers 8.9 and 10 output signals of DPR sensitive elements, transistor 11 conductivities ri-p-rixj.  logical element NOT 12 (inverter), th-8thrigger 13 with logic elements AND-NOT 14 and 15 on RS inputs, switch 16 sections of the core winding containing semi-semiconductor keys 17, 18 and 19, synchronous machine 20 with the core winding A, B , C on the stator with a rotating electromagnetic-type inductor 21, a time-dependent switching delay 22, made on transistors 23 and 24, a capacitor 25 and resistors 26 and 27, a circuit 28 of an unregulated time delay, a reverser 29, a source of 30 direct voltage and a source 31 of control tension  C. - nfn FIG.  2 and 3 are indicated at the output of the voltage-to-voltage converter; , - voltage on the collector output of the transistor 11; fr - magnetic flux, magnetizing saturation throttle, C. - output voltage.  R-s trigger 13.  The main element of the VD is the synchronous machine 20, in which sections A, B, C of the core winding are placed on the stator, and the rotor 21 is designed as a four-pole electromagnetic type inductor.  When current interacts in the winding sections with the inductor magnetic field, a torque is generated.  Sections A, B, C of the core windings are connected to the source 30 of a constant voltage by the contactless keys 17, 18 and 19 of the switch 16.  A rotor position sensor 1 is used to match the switching points of the core winding sections to the inductor field.  DPR consists of two main parts: a stator with sensitive elements 3,4,5 and a rotor fitted on one common shaft with indicator 21.  Structurally, the stator is a dielectric sleeve with three radial grooves through the ZbOAout geometric degrees relative to each other, where p is the number of pairs of inductor poles, m is the number of core winding sections.  Each slot has a saturation throttle, which is a sensitive element to magnetic sweat :.  The choke is made on a miniature ferrite ring with a BCP and has one winding.  The hub with the others is fixed, it holds the motor stator with the help of fasteners, the rotor 6 has the shape of a rhombus magnetized along the larger diagonal.  For the boom-shaped rotor 6, the induction field is distributed along the hub bore according to a law close to linear.  The winding of each throttle saturation is connected to the input of the respective; tweeter.  The driver, for example, 9, consists of an inverting amplifier 11, a logic element NO 12, and an R-S trigger 23 with two-input elements 14 and 15 matching on the inputs.  The amplifier 11 is made on a single transistor connected according to the scheme with a common emitter.  Parallel to the base-emitter junction of the transistor 11, a saturation choke 4 is connected, in addition, the output of the converter 7 is connected to the base terminal of the transistor through a current-limiting resistor.  The collector output of the transistor 11 is connected to the first inputs of the logic elements 2 AND –NE, the first directly, and the second through the logical element NOT.  Logic elements 2I-NOT with a trigger perform the role of a pulse selector in duration comparing the pulse duration at the output of the inverting amplifier 11 with the pulse width of the first time delay 22.  For this, the output of the first time delay is connected to the second input of the first logic element 2I-NOT, and the output of the second time delay 28 to the second input of the second.  Depending on whether the pulses at the output of the amplifier 11 pulse first time for the holder are already or longer, the Y-5 trigger 13 occupies a single or zero state.  The first circuit: the time delay consists of a transistor 23 of conduction n-rp, connected in accordance with a common emitter circuit and shifted to the open state along the base circuit, capacitor 25 connected via its output to the base of transistor 23.  For the purpose of synchronizing the delay pulses and adjusting their duration, an auxiliary transistor 24 is used with a current limiting resistor 26 in the circuit and a resistor 27 in the collector circuit.  The base of the transistor 24 is connected to the output winding of the converter 7 through a resistor 26, and the collector of the transistor is connected to the source 31 of the control voltage through a resistor 27.  In addition, a second terminal of a capacitor 25 is connected to the collector of transistor 24, the unregulated time delay circuit 28 is made similarly adjustable, with the difference that it does not have elements 24, 26 and 27, and the second output of the capacitor 5 is connected by a time delay input.  The output of the imaging unit 9 (8,1O) (direct output of the R-Srigger) is connected to the input of the contactless switch 18 (17,19) of the switch 16 directly or through auxiliary logic elements.  Logic elements are installed with at the input of semiconductor keys if it is necessary to form special laws of the switch operation, for example, to ensure that the keys of the trigger signals of the output signals of triggers greater than 12 o e are alternately turned on.  hail, rotational speed.  8 To provide reverse motor, a non-contact reverser 29 is used to reverse the polarity of the voltage on the winding of the inductor 21 of the rotor motor.  Transducer 7 is a push-pull magnetotransistor autogenerator, made according to the well-known Goyer circuit.  The generation frequency is about 2 kHz.  Together with two diodes, the autogenerator is a source of low-voltage DC voltage for powering the elements of the VD logic circuit.  VD works in the same way.  In the initial state of the VD, the rigidly coupled system of rotors 6 and 21 occupies an arbitrary position.  For example, in the initial VD state, the magnetic flux of the rocket-like rotor 6 penetrates in the diametrical direction the cores of two chokes 3,: 5 of saturation and closes outside the core of the throttles 4.  When the VD is connected to the DC voltage source 30, the oscillator oscillator 7 is energized and a high-frequency alternating voltage from its output is applied to the input of the first time delay 22 and to the windings of chokes 3,4 and 5.  Under the influence of alternating voltage, the synchronizing transistor 24 of the first time delay periodically opens and closes.  The open state of the transistor coincides in phase with the positive-current half-wave alternating voltage.  During the half-period of the closed state of the transistor, the time and the driving capacitor 25 is charged from the source 31 through the current-limiting resistor 27 according to the magnitude of the control voltage and C.  At the moment of unlocking the transistor, the charged capacitor is connected in parallel with the base-to-emitter transistor 23, locking the latter.  The capacitor is recharged by the bias current of the transistor 23.  During the discharge of the capacitor, the transistor 23 is closed.  The duration of the closed state of the transistor is directly proportional to the magnitude of the control voltage.  under the condition of a constant recharge current of the capacitor, here K is a constant coefficient depending on the current of the recharge current and the capacitor capacitance.  By varying the control voltage LL, the duration of the first time delay is controlled within 310.  half cycle of high frequency ac voltage.  The second time delay 28 operates in a manner similar to the first, with the only difference being that the time the driving capacitor is charged to an unchangeable supply voltage Uy,.  Therefore, constant-pulse pulses are formed at the output of the second time delay.  The parameters of the time of the master C-circuit are chosen in such a way that the duration of the pulses is 1/20 of the period of the high-frequency alternating voltage.  It should be noted that the pulses of time delays follow one after the other, respectively, the first and second, due to their sequential. compounds.  An alternating voltage is applied to the winding of each saturation throttle through a current-limiting resistor.  The voltage on the winding of the throttle is asymmetrical: the positive half-wave voltage is less in amplitude of the negative half-wave, due to the connection of the winding of the throttle parallel to the transition of the base transformer of the corresponding transistor.  The base-emitter transition of the transistor performs the function of a low-voltage zener diode, limiting the amplitude of the positive half-wave voltage at the level of 0.7-0.83.  The winding data of the chokes are chosen in this way; that the magnet 6 that is not magnetized by the field of the magnet 6 is reversal reversal without saturating through the partial cycle of the hysteresis loop during the positive half-wave voltage.  The change in induction (magnetic flux) in the core body is close to twice the induction and saturation value.  AT : .  asNM where U is the applied voltage, equal to 0.7-0.8 V, is the cross loop winding of the throttle; - the number of turns of the winding throttles; - period.  For a given initial position of the VD, the choke 4 is magnetically not saturated.  Transistor 11 opens to positive half-wave voltage.  During the negative half-wave voltage, the transistor 11 is closed by a negative voltage applied to the winding of the droplets 4 and, accordingly, to the base-to-emitter junction. transistor.  In 6 the process of magnetization reversal about the heating circuit, the voltage of the choke coil 4 becomes saturated at the moment of equality of the volt-second half-voltage fields.  The resistance of the winding droplet sharply diminished; to magnitude.  . ohmic.  The locking voltage at the junction base of the emitter of the transistor decreases to zero, which does not impair the conditions of the transistor locking.  If the rotor 6 is rotated from its initial position, its magnetic flux Ij will begin to penetrate the throttle core 4, biasing it.  The magnitude of the magnetic flux in the body of the core, which changes under the action of an alternating voltage applied to the windings of the throttles, will decrease by the magnitude of the magnetic field.  df Fp, In proportion to the reduction of the variable delivering magnetic flux A сок F, the duration of the remagnetization is reduced, nor the throttles of the positive half wavelength spin will be shortened and become less than half a period 4.  FF%% -a). T V At the moment of saturation of the droplets 4, the transistor 11 is closed, as its base-emitter junction appears to be shunted by the ohmic resistance of the winding of the saturated droplet.  Due to the linearity of the variation of the magnetizing field as a function of the angular position of the rotor, the reduction in the duration of the open state of the transistor also has a linear character, which is evident from relation 1 and is achieved by the diamond shape of the rotor 6.  The parameters of the permanent magnet ВН, В Hjjjgi its dimensions are chosen in such a way that the full saturation of the core by the throttle with the field of the magnet passes when the magnetisation axis of the magnet passes through the core body, t. e.  when the rotor 6 is rotated from the initial position at 180 e.  degree, rotation frequency of the inductor floor 21.  In this position of the rotor 6, the duration of the open state of the transistor 11 is reduced to zero.  S12 TV way out. the razistor 11 produces zero {t-pulses, the duration of which changes from half-period to zero when the rotor is rotated 180 el.  hail, from the received reference position (fig.  2).  Similarly to the above, the angular position of the rotor B is converted to a duration of zero pulses in the driver 8 and 1b, with the only difference that the angular positions of the rotor, at which the corresponding transistors of the drivers are half open (the corresponding choke 3, 5 is not magnetised by the field of the magnet), are offset from each other on 12 About el.  hail, due to the spatial shift of chokes 3,4 and 5 along the sleeve.  The pulses from the output of the transistor 11 are received. ; to the input of the pulse selector in duration, where they are compared with the pulses of the first time delay 22.  The selector is performed by two logical elements YI-HE 14 and 15.  The inputs of the logic element 14 receive pulses from the collector of the 11ns transistor output of the first time delay, and the inputs of the logic element 15 - pulses from the output of the NOT element, the inverting collector signal of transistor 11 and from the output of the second time delay.  The selection of pulses in duration is as follows.  If the zero pulses at the output of transistor 11 are shorter in terms of the duration of the pulses of the first time delay, then a single impulse coincides in time at both inputs of the logic element 14 and at its output zero pulses appear.  In the case when the zero pulses at the output of transistor 11 are longer in duration of the pulses of the first time delay, the condition of the pulses at the inputs of the logic element 15 arises and zero pulses appear at its output. In order to save the infogrammedia about the result of comparing the pulses for the comparison period a memory element is used - a trigger 13, on the inverse inputs of which are fed / zero pulses from the output of logic elements 14 and 15.  The first zero pulse at the output of the logic element 14 is switched over to the unit state, which it retains for the 13th time until it turns out to be zero at the output of the logical element 15.  Thus, the appearance of a single signal at the output of the flip-flop 13 provides one-off information that the zero impulses at the output of the transistor 11 are shorter in duration than the impulses of the first time delay and vice versa.  The duration of the null pulses at the output of the transistor 11 is a characteristic of the danger position of the HP rotor: ,, iUU8g-e-K4), and the switching of the trigger l3 occurs at the time of the comparison of the duration of the left pulse at the output of transistor 11 with the pulse of the first time delay ( t io, Therefore, the setpoint of the determined duration of the pulses of the first time delay determines the angular position of the air flow controller at which the trigger switches to the one state, as well as the angular duration of the single state of the trigger.  This dependence can be obtained analytically from the relation 2 Lf - l sS-Ut q p K.  hence, after simple transformations (FIG.  3) follows:  (- 180 (1 el.  hail.  So when the duration of the first time delay is close in magnitude to the half-period (L, the trigger 13 switches to a single state in the initial position of the HP rotor (H 0) and saves it with a further rotation of the rotor by almost 36O el.  hail.  The second time delay circuit serves to reset the trigger to its initial position after the rotor has reached a position where the zero duration at the output of transistor 11 becomes less than the duration of the unit at the output of the first delay circuit.  The duration of a single state of a trigger, depending on the duration of the first time delay, can be described by the following relationship: a.  (3 (X) -2H), Zvg. .  hail.  314 The work of formulators in and 1 O occurs similarly to the description of gu, in view of the identity of their constructive execution.  In the incoming signals, the Fort Shrovatépei appears alternately as a 12L el, hail, with the rotor of the VD rotor.  for c em coop-.  Mixing of chokes of saturation along the bore of the sleeve DPUL - Single signals from the output. For example, contactless keys of the commat 16 are opened, directly or through the help of the locking shoulder straps. Regarding the contactless keys of the switch, the adjustment of the angular position of the corresponding key is open; By adjusting the yi of the delayed key and the well hole of 3-6-0 1, the change in the frequency of the first time lag from half a period to a zero value is proportional to the angle of advance of switching from 0 to 180 el.  hail, frequency of rotation of the floor of the VD inductor and the duty cycle i from 1 to O.  Depending on the selected VD operation mode, the required switch ratio of the KOMMyTBTopBi contactless switches is set, for example, 2 2/3. For this VD operation, the contact sections of the A, B, C core windings are alternately connected to the power source 30.  A current flows through the winding sections, which, interacting with the inductor field 21j, generates a torque.  The engine comes into motion and accelerates.  In the process of accelerating the VD, the current in its caviar winding decreases, the torque decreases in proportion to the current and when comparing the magnitude of the torque with the load vomHTOM, the established operating mode of the VD occurs. If the VD reverse is necessary, it is enough to change the polarity of the voltage on the inductor 21 pick-up with pick-up reverser 28, In order to best use the electrical k-. -coupling on the cage with saturation PR throttles, the device is configured to operate so that a single signal at the output of the rigger is symmetrical about the relative half-wave of the counter-current of the corresponding CBKUHIS root winding.  1562 Adjusting the duty cycle and the advance angle of switching on the contactless switches of the switch greatly expands the functionality of the VD. First, it can: serve to control the speed of rotation of the VD by changing the duty ratio of the output voltage of the contactless KON switches of the mutator.  Secondly, it can be used to control the advance angle of the contactless switches of the thyristor switch as a function of the load current of the VD to ensure the condition of thyristors f% - + 6 to the best use of the electric motor at the moment 5gr, "(with increasing load the angle of switching increases; ) Thirdly, it can be applied to implement the optimal modes of use of an electric machine at the moment of power efficiency with regard to it. the actual parameters by setting a certain duty ratio and the advance angle for switching on the contactless switches of the switch.  It should be noted that the adjustment does not depend on the direction and frequency of the rotation of the VD and is almost no-time. The response time of the device to the development of a new task on the duty ratio in the corner of the test mode does not exceed the period of high-frequency voltage ().  Valve motors, made according to the same principle, combine in their device the simplicity of the design of the DPR with a wide use of controllability and, therefore, can be used instead of the existing DC collector machines,.  especially in the area of low power.  It is most advantageous to use the proposed valve motor for adjustable high-speed electric drives with a rotational speed of W 314 rad / s, where asynchronous electric motors with coherent and bulky converters are currently used.  frequencies.  Claim 1, Reversible valve engine containing a stator with a crust winding, rotating type 16 electromagnet inductor, rotor position sensor with sensory saturation elements like saturation throttle and signal element, proximity switch, DC / AC converter, block of time delays, connected in series to each other, each of which is performed on a single transistor shifted to the open state along the base circuit and the time of the driving capacitor connected first An output to the base of the transistor, and an output driver for each sensing element, including an amplifier, an inverter and an R-5 trigger with two-input matching elements at the inputs, to the first input of which the output of the amplifier is connected, one directly and the second through an inverter, the output of the time delay circuit is connected to the second input of the first match element and the output of the second time delay circuit is connected to the second input of the second match element, characterized in that, in order to expand the area of application the use of a valve engine due to the possibility of a non-spinner. On-off control of the duty cycle and the advance angle of switching on the contactless switches of the switch at any direction and frequency of rotation of the electric motor, the first time delay circuit further comprises a synchronizing transistor, the collector of which is connected directly to the second pin of the master capacitor and through the current limiting resistor to the control voltage source, and the base the output of the clock transistor is connected through a resistor to the output of a dc converter in AC line.  2  The engine according to claim.  1, that is, with the fact that the signal element of the rotor position sensor is made in the form magnetized in the direction of the larger diagonal.  Sources of information taken into account in the examination of the USSR Author's Certificate No. 313261 ,.  cl.  H, 02 K 29/02, 1969.   2. USSR Author's Certificate No. 2 11343, cl. H 02 K 29/02, 1969. 3. USSR author's certificate number 55O732, cl. H O2 K 29 / O2, 1974. 4. USSR author's certificate for application No. 264 0361/24-О7, cl. H O2 K 29/02. 06.06.78. If-, -90 F “UL 55and (p /, 2% / % t -t - FIG. 2