SU812735A1

SU812735A1 - Method of solution desalinization

Info

Publication number: SU812735A1
Application number: SU792771949A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Леонид Николаевич Сорокин; Михаил Федорович Шереметьев; Николай Николаевич Токарев; Валентин Васильевич Шаталов
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я А-1997
Priority date: 1979-06-01
Filing date: 1979-06-01
Publication date: 1981-03-15

Description

Изобретение относится к химической технологии, в частности к технологии сорбционного извлечения компонентов из растворов, и может быть использовано при водоподготовке, очистке сбросных 5 вод и при сорбционном извлечении и концентрировании цветных и благородных металлов.The invention relates to chemical technology, in particular to the technology of sorption extraction of components from solutions, and can be used in water treatment, treatment of waste 5 water and in sorption extraction and concentration of non-ferrous and precious metals.

Наиболее близким к предлагаемому по технической сущности и достигаемому результату является способ обессоливания растворов, включающий сорбцию извлекаемых компонентов плотным слоем сорбента в условиях противотока [1].Closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a method of desalination of solutions, including sorption of the extracted components with a dense layer of sorbent in countercurrent conditions [1].

Недостатком известного способа является высокое гидродинамическое, сопротивление сорбента, что снижает производительность процесса.The disadvantage of this method is the high hydrodynamic resistance of the sorbent, which reduces the productivity of the process.

Цель изобретения — интенсификация процесса за счет снижения гидродинамического сопротивления сорбента.The purpose of the invention is the intensification of the process by reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of the sorbent.

Поставленная цель достигается способом обессоливания растворов, включающим сорбцию извлекае№1х компонентов слоем сорбента с последующей регенерацией сорбента, при этом в качестве сорбента используют механическую смесь ионита и инертного материала, плотность которого близ2 ка к плотности ионита, а регенерации подвергают ионит после отделения от него инертного материала. Содержание инертного материала в механической . .смеси составляет 25-95% ив качестве инертного материала используют гранулированный материал крупностью 3-6 мм и плотностью 1,05-1,5 г/см³. Использование в качестве сорбента Ю механической смеси ионита и крупного инертного материала, плотность которого близка к плотности ионита, позволяет снизить гидродинамическое сопротивление сорбента с 2,1 до 1,6 мм. вод. ст. (25% инертного материала) и 1,0 мм вод. ст. (90% инертного материала) при скорости раствора 100 м³/м* час, высоте сорбента 1 м и крупностью от +0,8 до -1,0 мм.This goal is achieved by the method of desalting the solutions, including sorption of the extracted components with a sorbent layer followed by regeneration of the sorbent, using a mechanical mixture of ion exchanger and inert material, the density of which is close to the density of the ion exchanger, and the ion exchanger is regenerated after separation from the inert material. The content of inert material in the mechanical. The mixture is 25-95% and granular material with a particle size of 3-6 mm and a density of 1.05-1.5 g / cm ^{3 is} used as an inert material. The use of a mechanical mixture of ion exchanger and coarse inert material, the density of which is close to the density of ion exchanger, as a sorbent Yu, allows to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the sorbent from 2.1 to 1.6 mm. water Art. (25% inert material) and 1.0 mm of water. Art. (90% inert material) at a solution speed of 100 m ³ / m * hour, sorbent height 1 m and particle size from +0.8 to -1.0 mm.

Использование инертного материала равной крупности с ионитом затрудняет их разделение на сетках и приводит к повышенному сопротивлению потоку жидкости. Крупность материала выше 3 мм 25 обеспечивает качественное отделение ионита от инертных частиц на сетке с ячеек 2x2 мм. Ионит крупностью менее 2 мм проходит через сетку, а инертный материал остается на сетке. Примене30 ние материала крупнее 6 мм приводит неравномерному распределению ионита нем в связи с увеличением разницы гидродинамических радиусах.The use of an inert material of equal particle size with an ion exchanger complicates their separation on the grids and leads to increased resistance to liquid flow. The coarseness of the material above 3 mm 25 ensures high-quality separation of ion exchanger from inert particles on a grid with 2x2 mm cells. Ionite with a particle size of less than 2 mm passes through the grid, and the inert material remains on the grid. The use of a material larger than 6 mm leads to an uneven distribution of ion exchanger due to an increase in the difference in hydrodynamic radii.

Пример 1. Обессоливанию подвергается водопроводная вода в аппарате с плотным движущимся сверху вниз слоем механической смеси ионита, например катионита КУ-2-8 с инертным материалом (хлорированный полистирол). Диаметр аппарата составляет 200 мм, высота рабочего слоя смеси 1000 мм, единовременная загрузка смеси 31 л, количество катионита в нем 8 л. При этом крупность гранул катионита равна от +0,4 до -.1,2 мм, крупность инертного материала составляет 3 мм. Очищаемую воду с концентрацией солейжесткости 3,5 мг-экв/л подают в колонну снизу, что обеспечивает противоточные условия процесса. Сорбцию ведут до получения в очищенной воде остаточной концентрации солей жесткости 0,005 мг-экв/л. Десорбцию солей с катионита осуществляют 10%-ным раствором азотной кислоты в противоточной колонне с плотным движущимся слоем, отделенного от инертного материала. Воду после катионирования с pH 2,8-3,5 декарбонизируют путем разбрызгивания ее и контактирования с воздухом в течение 0,5 ч„ После декарбонизации воду подают в колонну снизу и процесс анионирования осуществляют анионитом AM аналогично процессу катионирования. Десорбцию анионов с анионита AM проводят после· отделения ионита от инертного материала 2,5%-ным раствором едкого натра при соотношении потоков раствор: ионит, равном 2,7-3,0.Example 1. Tap water is subjected to desalination in an apparatus with a dense moving top-down layer of a mechanical mixture of an ion exchanger, for example, KU-2-8 cation exchanger with an inert material (chlorinated polystyrene). The diameter of the apparatus is 200 mm, the height of the working layer of the mixture is 1000 mm, the simultaneous loading of the mixture is 31 l, the amount of cation exchange resin in it is 8 l. Moreover, the granularity of the cation exchanger granules is from +0.4 to -.1.2 mm, the inert material is 3 mm in size. Purified water with a salt concentration of 3.5 mEq / L is fed into the column from below, which provides counter-current process conditions. Sorption is carried out until a residual concentration of hardness salts of 0.005 mEq / L is obtained in purified water. The desorption of salts from cation exchange resin is carried out with a 10% solution of nitric acid in a countercurrent column with a dense moving layer separated from an inert material. Water after cationization with a pH of 2.8-3.5 is decarbonized by spraying it and contacting with air for 0.5 h. After decarbonization, water is supplied to the column from below and the anionization process is carried out with AM anion exchange resin similar to the cationization process. The desorption of anions from AM anion exchange resin is carried out after · separation of the ion exchange resin from an inert material with a 2.5% sodium hydroxide solution with a solution: ion exchange ratio of 2.7-3.0.

В результате сорбции катионов и анионов из водопроводной воды получена деионированная вода, содержащая солей жесткости не более 0,005 мг-экв/л, натрия 0,004 мг-экв/л и анионой 0,4-2,5 мг/л.As a result of sorption of cations and anions from tap water, deionized water was obtained containing hardness salts of not more than 0.005 mEq / L, sodium 0.004 mEq / L and anion 0.4-2.5 mg / L.

П р и м е р 2. Сточные воды, содержащие до 0,018 г/л ртути, хлори10 руют и очищают от НдС1_г сорбционным методом. Для очистки воды используют смесь, содержащую 75% анионита ΒΠ-ΙΑπ, крупностью от +0,5 до -0,8мм и 25% инертных частиц крупностью 3 мм. Сточные воды посла контактирования практически не содержат ртути (концентрация ртути менее 5x10 , что ниже ПДК) и их врзвращают для использования в технологический процесс .PRI me R 2. Wastewater containing up to 0.018 g / l of mercury is chlorinated and purified from НДС1 _{g by} sorption method. For water purification, a mixture containing 75% ΒΠ-ΙΑπ anion exchange resin with a particle size of +0.5 to -0.8 mm and 25% of inert particles with a particle size of 3 mm is used. The wastewater from the contact ambassador practically does not contain mercury (mercury concentration is less than 5x10, which is below the MPC) and they are returned for use in the process.

Таким образом, предлагаемый способ позволяет снизить гидродинамическое сопротивление сорбента в 1,5 раза, а также снизить энергозатраты и единовременную загрузку ионита.Thus, the proposed method allows to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the sorbent by 1.5 times, as well as reduce energy consumption and a one-time load of ion exchanger.

Claims

The invention relates to chemical technology, in particular, to the technology of sorption extraction of components from solutions, and can be used in water treatment, wastewater treatment and in sorption extraction and concentration of non-ferrous and noble metals. The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is the method of desulfurization of solutions, including the sorption of the extracted components of a dense layer of sorbent under countercurrent conditions (1. The disadvantage of this method is the high hydrodynamic resistance of the sorbent, which reduces the productivity of the process. Purpose of the invention is an intensification of the process by reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of the sorbent. The goal is achieved by a method of desalting solutions, including The sorbent is extracted using a layer of sorbent followed by regeneration of the sorbent. In this case, a mechanical mixture of ion exchanger and inert material is used as sorbent Ha, the density of which is close to the density of ion exchanger, and Novit is subjected to regeneration after inert material is separated from it. 25–95% of the inert material is used. A granular material with a particle size of 3–6 mm and a density of 1.05–1.5 g / cm is used. The use of a mechanical mixture of an ion exchanger and a large inert material as a sorbent, the density of which is close to the density of the ion exchanger, makes it possible to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the sorbent from 2.1 to 1.6 mm. waters Art. (25% inert material) and 1.0 mm of water. Art. {90% inert material) p | W solution speed 100 hours, the height of the sorbent 1 m and particle size from +0.8 to -1.0 mm. The use of an inert material of equal size with an ion exchange resin makes it difficult to separate them into grids and leads to an increased resistance to fluid flow. The grain size of the material of 3 mm ensures the qualitative separation of the ion exchanger from inert particles on the grid from 2x2 mm cells. Ionite with a particle size of less than 2 mm passes through the mesh, while inert material remains on the mesh. The use of a material larger than 6 mm results in an uneven distribution of ion in it due to an increase in the difference in hydrodynamic radii. Example 1. Desalination is carried out with tap water in an apparatus with a densely moving CBejjxy layer of mechanical mixture of ion exchangers, for example, cation exchanger KU-2- & with inert material (chlorinated polystyrene; The device has a diameter of 200 mm, a mixture working layer height of 1000 mm; a one-time loading of a mixture of 31 liters; the amount of cation resin in it is 8 liters. The grain size of the cation resin is +0.4 to -.1.2 mm The size of the inert material is 3 mm. The purified water with a concentration of 3.5 mEq / l is applied to the column from the bottom, which provides countercurrent conditions of the process.The sorption is carried out to obtain a residual salt concentration in purified water of 0.005 mEq / L. Desorption of salts with cation exchanger carried out with a 10% solution of nitric acid in a countercurrent column with a dense moving layer separated from the inert material. After cationization with a pH of 2.8-3.5, water is decarbonated by spraying it and contacting with air for 0.5 h. de carbonization water is fed into the column from the bottom and the anionization process is carried out with AM anion exchanger, similarly to the cationization process. Desorption of anions from AM anion exchangers is carried out after separation of the ion exchanger from the inert material with a 2.5% caustic solution. thief: ionite, equal to 2.7-3.0. As a result of sorption of cations and anions from tap water, deionized water was obtained, containing not more than 0.005 mg-eq / l of salts of hardness, 0.004 mg-eq / l of sodium, and 0.4-2.5 mg / l of annona. PRI me R

2. Wastewater containing up to 0.018 g / l of mercury is chlorinated and purified from HgCIj by the adsorption method. For water purification, a mixture containing 75% of VP-1AP anion exchanger, particle size from +0.5 to -0.8mm and 25% of inert particles with a particle size of 3 mm is used. The waste waters of the ambient contact practically do not contain mercury (the concentration of mercury is less than 5x10, which is lower than the MPC) and is recycled for use in the technological process. Thus, the proposed method allows reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of the sorbent by 1.5 times, as well as reducing energy costs and one-time Ionite loading. Claim 1, Method for desalting solutions, including sorption of extractable components by a dense layer of sorbent followed by regeneration of the sorbent under countercurrent conditions, characterized in that, in order to intensify the process by reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of the sorbent, a mechanical mixture of ionite and inert material is used as a sorbent whose density is close to the density of the ion exchanger, and the ionite is subjected to regeneration after the separation of the inert material from it, 2, Method pop, 1, characterized in that the content of inert material in the mechanical mixture is 25-95%, 3, the method according to claim 1, characterized in that as an inert material use granular material with a particle size of 3-6 mm and a density of 1.05 g 1.5 g / cm . Sources of information taken into account in examination 1, Jnd. Watering. , 1973, 10, No. 1, 18-26.