SU781031A1 - Vibration-treatment method - Google Patents

Description

(54) VIBRATION TREATMENT METHOD

Claims (1)

The invention relates to the vibration treatment of machine parts, mainly large-sized ones (grinding, polishing, deburring, hardening, etc.), and can be used in various fields of construction. There is a known method of vibrating processing of parts with their fastening in a container made in the form of a closed and planar section filled with a granular working medium and receiving oscillations from a vibrator providing a closed flow of the working medium. The disadvantage of this method is the need for time. overloading the working environment during installation and removal of workpieces The purpose of the invention is the elimination of auxiliary time for loading and unloading the working environment during installation and removal of groups s detashey and in any portion of the working chamber of the container. This goal is achieved by the fact that before a group of parts to be replaced create an overlapping closed flow of the working medium an obstacle, while the container oscillations do not interrupt, and the treatment is carried out until the necessary part of the working cavity of the container is released from the working medium, then replacement of parts, after which the obstacle to the flow of the working medium is removed and the oscillation of the container is resumed. The local stop of the medium in front of the group of parts is carried out in one of the following ways: the circulation of the working medium is reversed; in the place of local stopping of the movement of the processing medium, a constant magnetic field is created with its subsequent replacement after changing parts with a damped alternating magnetic field; at the point where the processing medium stops, a stream of liquid or gas is created that is opposite to the circulation of the processing medium. FIG. 1 shows a vibratory machine for implementing the method, a plan view; in fig. 2 shows a section A-A in FIG. in fig. 3 - circular incision bb on. 1 (container with working medium and parts), during processing; in Fig.4 - the same, in the period of loading and removal of parts; in fig. 5 - container with flaps, view in the plan; on Fig.6 section bb. in fig. five; in fig. 7 a section of YYY in FIG. five; in fig. 8 a circular section dD in FIG. 5, during the processing period; in fig. 9 - the same, in the period of loading and removal of parts; in fig. 10- container with areas of induced magnetic field, view in plan; in fig. 11 shows section EE of FIG. ten; in fig. 12 - circles oy section of Ж-Ж in FIG. 10, during the loading and removal period of the hoists; in fig. 13 - a container equipped with a nozzle system, a plan view; in fig. 14 is a section AND-AND in FIG. 13; in fig. 15 is a circular section K-K in FIG. 13, in the period of agrueki and cteMa details. The spsob is realized in a vibrating machine containing an annular container 1c and a -shaped cross section mounted on frame 2 on elastic elements 3. Along the container axis, an unbalance vibration exciter is installed, containing unbalances 4 and 5, fixed on shaft 6, driven by rotation by electric motor 7 through elastic coupling 8. One of the unbalances 4 is set at the center of mass of the container, and the other 5 is offset from the first in height and angle. The workpieces 9 are installed in the container in the devices 10, the space between them and partially above them is filled with a working granulated medium 11, which is abrasive or smooth bodies. Unbalances 4 and 5 report rotation. At the same time, the working medium circulates both along the section of the container (Fig. 2), and along its closed circular contour (Fig. 1), and the level is working. medium along the length of the container remains constant (Fig. 3). Vibration and circulation of the medium are accompanied by its interaction with detailing and processing of the latter. When removing processed and installing new parts, the movement of the work environment in front of the removed group of parts is stopped while the machine is running. The working medium on the rest of the container continues to move until a dynamic equilibrium is established, freeing the container at the point where it was stopped (Fig. 4). Parts released from the medium are removed and new ones are installed. With & l and installing a group of parts that turned out to be in a zone of accumulation of the working environment, the implementation of BJT dT is similar to the transfer of the place where the working medium stops before the specified group of parts. The number of places and the installation of the working medium is determined by the length of the emptying part of the container, when the working medium stops, and is taken from the condition where L is the perimeter of the centerline axial line of the container in plan; C is the length of the empty area. After installing the new components, the locally stopped medium is released, its circulation and level along the length are restored and processing occurs (Fig. -3). Local stopping of the working environment is carried out in one of the following ways. By changing the direction of rotation, the unbalance reverses the circulation of the working medium along the contour of an annular container 1 equipped with valves 12 pivotally mounted with pins 13 in bearings 14 at local stops of the working medium in container cross sections and resting against stationary stops 15 (Fig. 5) 7). In the horizontal position, the shutters 12 are fixed by sliding stops 16, driven by pneumatic chambers 17 mounted outside the container. At the same time, pressurized air is supplied to the pneumatic chambers without holes. During the machining of parts, the working medium circulates in a counterclockwise direction. At this time, all the shutters 12 are fixed in a horizontal position with the stops 16 extended (FIG. B). If it is necessary to remove the processed and install new parts by removing air from the corresponding pneumocamera, the retractable yrtop dampers in front of the group of parts to be removed are removed using a spring in the pneumatic chamber (not shown), and at the same time reversing the direction of movement of the working fluid by reversing the rotation of the unbalance. The flap that is not fixed in a horizontal position interacts with the working medium, is lowered and fixed in the vertical position by the stop 15. The working medium in front of the indicated damper stops, accumulates during the movement, and after the damper selects some part of the container and the parts installed on it (Fig. 9). After removal of the machined and installation of new parts, the movement of the working medium is reversed again. In this case, the lowered damper is raised by the medium, and in the upper position it is again fixed with a retractable stop. Circulation and the level of the working medium are restored. With a similar reverse circulation of working speeds: 3 and sequential unlocking of other screens, parts are replaced in other parts of the container. Another way to locally stop the working medium consisting of ferromagnetic particles (for example, steel balls) is to create a permanent magnetic field in the appropriate place of the container and then replace it with a damped alternating magnetic field. For this, the container is supplied with several (according to the number of places of local working environment restraint) groups of electromagnets 18 supplied with windings 19 (FIG. 10). In each group, the electromagnets are located around the perimeter of the cross section of the container (Fig. 11) on the crossbar 20 and form a closed chain. Before removing the machined and installing new parts, a constant voltage is applied to the windings 19 of one of the groups of electromagnets 18. The constant magnetic field created by each electromagnet retards the ferromagnetic particles of the working medium. The chickpea lock along the perimeter of the chain of electromagnet filaments with sufficient tension, the field retains the ferromagnetic particles throughout the entire cross section of the container. The coils of electromagnets in other sections of the container are de-energized and do not interfere with the circulation of the working medium, which accumulates before the section with the induced magnetic field and is selected after the specified section along the circulation of the medium (Fig. 12). The workpieces released in a certain area are removed, installed new ones, after which the constant voltage applied to the coils of the electromagnets is replaced by a damped alternating voltage. The alternating damped magnetic arising in this case, the field demagnetizes (removes residual magnetism) the ferromagnetic particles of the working medium in the zone of electromagnets. After the amplitude of the alternating magnetic field decreases to a certain level, the medium again begins to circulate freely through the container and its level is fixed along its length. A similar sequence of actions with subsequent groups of electromagnets is used to replace parts in other areas. The third method of locally stopping the working environment consists in arranging in appropriate places of the container an air flow or a lubricating cooling liquid used in the process of vibro-processing that is opposite to the circulation of the working medium along the container. To do this, in places of local stopping of the working medium on the container, groups of nozzles 21 are supplied flush with its inner surface, fed from a common collector 22 for each group, which receives liquid or air through conduit 23 (Fig. 13 and 14 Nozzles 21 are positioned so that their axes converge at one point. Before removing the processed and installing new parts into one of the nozzle groups, air or coolant is supplied under pressure. The hydrodynamic force arising from the jets colliding with the particles of the working medium It slows down and stops the medium particles, thus ensuring the local stopping of the medium throughout the container’s cross section, as a result, the medium accumulates at the local stop and is selected after the specified location, releasing a group of parts (Fig. 15). coolant is reduced to the level necessary to ensure no vibro-processing process. In this case, the hydrodynamic forces are so small that they do not interfere with the normal circulation of the treatment medium along the contour. ynera. When air is used, the flow rate of the latter after the installation of new parts is reduced to the level necessary to prevent clogging of the nozzles by products of wear and tear of the working medium. Claims method of vibration processing of parts with their fixing in a container made in the form of a cavity closed in terms of, filled with a granular working medium and receiving oscillations from a vibrator, providing a closed flow of working medium, in order to eliminate the time spent on loading and unloading the working medium. environment during installation and removal of a group of parts on any part of the working cavity of the container, in front of a group of parts to be replaced create an overlapping closed flow of working medium rap obstacle, the oscillation of the container is not interrupted, and processing is carried out to until the desired portion of the working chamber not release t on the operating environment, then manufac t replacement parts, and then eliminate the obstacle working fluid stream and reopening the oscillation of the container. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate 415147, cl. On 24 May 31/06, 1971. .Jt one TGSh; : GF :: // Iff " 16G-G FIG. 7 LD FIG. FIG. L 18 1 Yu ten yy 10 P yyyy w P Fi.12 -and P