SU779965A1

SU779965A1 - Draught gauge

Info

Publication number: SU779965A1
Application number: SU782684983A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Григорий Иванович Федотов
Original assignee: За витель
Priority date: 1978-11-14
Filing date: 1978-11-14
Publication date: 1980-11-15

Description

Изобретение относится к области гидрометеорологического приборостроения, а более конкретно- к устройствам для измерения атмосферных осадков.The invention relates to the field of hydrometeorological instrumentation, and more particularly to a device for measuring precipitation.

При выпадении осадков, например дождя с градом, часто возникает необходимость ⁵измерения . параметров их составляюшихжидкой компоненты и твердых фракций (градин). Быстрое определение максимальных размеров градин позволяет принять экстренные меры по борьбе с градом и предотвратить урон, наносимый им сельскохозяйственным культурам. Также изучение градового характера позволит, например, намечать конкретные мероприятия в производстве по защите почв от эрозийных процессов.In case of precipitation, such as rain with hail, the need for ⁵ measurements often arises. parameters of their constituents of the liquid component and solid fractions (hailstones). A quick determination of the maximum size of hailstones allows you to take urgent measures to combat hail and prevent damage to crops. A study of hail character will also allow, for example, to outline specific measures in production for the protection of soils from erosion processes.

Известно устройство для порционного отбора , проб стока атмосферных осад- „ ___ 20 ков, включающее приемник осадков со сливной трубкой, дозатор отбираемых проб, измерительную систему и мерные стаканы [1].A device is known for batch sampling, precipitation samples of atmospheric precipitation 20 осадков, including a precipitation receiver with a drain pipe, a sampling dispenser, a measuring system and measuring glasses [1].

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Попадающие в приемник осадки проходят через дозатор, измерительную систему и попадают в мерные стаканы.Precipitation falling into the receiver passes through the dispenser, the measuring system and into the measuring cups.

Недостатком таких устройств является то, что они не обеспечивают возможности измерения компонентов составляющих осадков и имеют недостаточно высокую точность.The disadvantage of such devices is that they do not provide the ability to measure the components of precipitation components and have insufficient accuracy.

Наиболее близким к изобретению по технической сущности является дождемер [2] , который содержит цилиндрический корпус, осадкоприемный сосуд со сливной трубой и осадкосборники, связанные с мерными стаканами.The closest to the invention in technical essence is a rain gauge [2], which contains a cylindrical body, sediment vessel with a drain pipe and sediment collectors associated with measuring cups.

Однако этот дождемер не предназначен для определения структуры градоводождевых осадков.However, this rain gauge is not intended to determine the structure of city rainfall.

Целью изобретения является обеспечение измерения компонентов градоводождевых осадков и их структуры.The aim of the invention is the provision of measuring components of city rainfall and their structure.

Это достигается тем, что осадкомер снабжен соосно размещенными под сливом трубой конусообразными ситами с калиброванными отверстиями, размер которых убывает or верхнего сита к ниж4This is achieved by the fact that the precipitation gauge is equipped with conical sieves coaxially placed under the drain pipe with calibrated holes, the size of which decreases from the top to the bottom 4

Более мелкие градины проваливаются нему, а под нижним ситом и у внешнего края каждого сита расположены осадкосборники.Smaller gradients fall through it, and sediment collectors are located under the lower sieve and at the outer edge of each sieve.

При этом сита могут быть снабжены отражательными пластинами, жестко закрепленными на их нижней поверхности, а осадкосборники, расположенные у края сит, закреплены на внутренней и боковой поверхности корпуса, которая снабжена ю кольцевым нагревателем.In this case, the sieves can be equipped with reflective plates rigidly fixed on their lower surface, and sediment collectors located at the edge of the sieves are fixed on the inner and side surfaces of the casing, which is equipped with a ring heater.

На чертеже изображено устройство, общий вид.The drawing shows a device, General view.

Устройство имеет приемник осадков 1 со сливной трубой 2, введенной в корпусThe device has a precipitation receiver 1 with a drain pipe 2 introduced into the housing

3. По продольной оси корпуса установлен стержень 4, на который жестко закреплен ряд конусообразных сит 5 с калиброванными отверстиями 6. Размер отверстий убывает от верхнего сита к 20 нижнему, а по внутренней поверхности сит жестко закреплены отражательные плаётины 7, предназначенные для гашения скорости и возврата в верхнее поло- жение, проходящих через отверстия гра- 25 дин. Сита своими вершинами обращены к сливной трубе. По 'внутренней боковой поверхности корпуса и под нижним ситом наклонно закреплены осадкосборники 8.9, каждый из которых посредством шлангов зо 10 связан с мерным сосудом 11. Внешняя боковая поверхность корпуса охвачена кольцевым нагревателем 12, предназначенным для ускорения таяния твердых фракций (градин). ₃₅ 3. A rod 4 is installed along the longitudinal axis of the housing, onto which a row of cone-shaped sieves 5 with calibrated holes is rigidly fixed 6. The size of the holes decreases from the upper sieve to the lower 20, and reflective plates 7 are rigidly fixed on the inner surface of the sieves, designed to quench speed and return in the upper position passing through the holes of the grains 25. The sieves with their peaks face the drain pipe. Sediment collectors 8.9 are obliquely fixed along the inner side surface of the housing and under the lower sieve, each of which is connected to the measuring vessel 11 via hoses zo 10. The outer side surface of the housing is surrounded by an annular heater 12, designed to accelerate the melting of solid fractions (hailstones). ₃₅

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

При попадании в приемник 1 смешан- ных осадков (дождя с градом) наиболее крупные градины не проходят через ка- до либрованные отверстия верхнего сита и скатываются по нему в верхний сборник, где подвергаются таянию под действием тепла, выделяемого нагревателем 12. Образовавшаяся в резупетате вода сте— 45 кает по шлангу в соответствующий мерный сосуд.When mixed precipitation (rain with hail) enters receiver 1, the largest gradients do not pass through the calibrated openings of the upper sieve and roll along it into the upper collector, where they melt under the action of the heat generated by the heater 12. Water formed in the resultant steep — 45 pokes through a hose into the corresponding measuring vessel.

в ртверстия верхнего сита, скатываются по отражательным пластинам и попадают на следующее сито, где процесс разделения повторяется. Наиболее мелкие градины выделяются на нижнем сите.into the holes of the upper sieve, they roll along the reflection plates and fall onto the next sieve, where the separation process is repeated. The smallest gradients stand out on the lower sieve.

Жидкая фракция (капли дождя) стекают по ситам и попадают в сборник 9, а затем в мерный сосуд для жидкой фракции.The liquid fraction (raindrops) flows down the sieves and fall into the collection 9, and then into the measuring vessel for the liquid fraction.

Таким образом по степени заполнения мерных сосудов судят о составляющих осадков.Thus, by the degree of filling of the measured vessels, the precipitation components are judged.

Claims

This invention relates to the field of hydrometeorological instrument making,. and more specifically to devices for measuring precipitation. When precipitation occurs, rainfall with hail is often necessary to measure. parameters of their constituent liquid components and solid fractions (hail). Rapid determination of maximum hail sizes makes it possible to take emergency measures to combat hail and prevent damage to them to agricultural crops. Also, the study of hail character will allow, for example, to outline specific measures in the production of soil protection from erosion processes. A device for batch sampling is known. A sample of precipitation runoff that includes a precipitation receiver with a drain tube, a sampling sample dispenser, a measuring system and measuring cups I. The precipitation falling into the receiver passes through the dispenser, measuring system and enters the measuring cups. The disadvantage of such devices is that they do not provide the ability to measure the components of the constituent sediments and have insufficient accuracy. Closest to the invention, in technical terms, is a 2J rain gauge, which comprises a cylindrical body, a drain receiving vessel with a drain pipe, and precipitation tanks connected to measuring cups. However, this rain gauge is not intended to determine the structure of rainfall. The aim of the invention is to provide a measurement of the components of rainfall and their structure. It is achieved t & that the precipitation gauge is equipped with cone-shaped sieves coaxially placed under the discharge with calibrated and openings whose size decreases or the upper sieve to the lower one, and the collectors are located under the lower sieve and at the outer edge of each sieve. In this case, the sieves can be equipped with reflective plates rigidly fixed on their lower surface, and the precipitators located at the edges of the screen are fixed on the inner and side surfaces of the casing, which is equipped with an annular heater. The drawing shows the device, the overall appearance. The device has a precipitation receiver with a drain pipe 2 inserted into the housing 3. A rod 4 is mounted along the longitudinal axis of the housing, on which a number of conical sieves 5 are rigidly fixed with calibrated holes 6- The size of the holes decreases from the upper sieve to the bottom, and on the inner surface the sieves are rigidly fixed reflective plates 7 designed to dampen speed and return to the upper position passing through the holes of hailstones. Sita with their tops facing the drain pipe. On the inner side surface of the casing and under the lower sieve, precipitators 8, 9 are each fixed, each of which is connected with measuring vessel II by means of hoses 10. The outer side surface of the housing is enclosed by an annular heater 12 designed to accelerate solid particles (hailstones). The device works as follows. - -. When mixed precipitation (rain and hail) gets into the receiver I, the largest hailstones do not pass through the calibrated orifices of the upper sieve and roll over it into the upper collector, where they are subjected to thawing under the heat generated by the heater. As a result, the water flows through the hose in the appropriate measuring vessel. Smaller hailstones fall into the pT Span of the upper sieve, roll down on the reflective plates and fall into the next sieve where the separation process is repeated. The smallest hailstones stand out on the bottom sieve. The liquid fraction (raindrops) drain through the sieves and into collection 9, and then into the measuring vessel for the liquid fraction. Thus, according to the degree of filling of the measuring vessels, the constituents of the sediments are judged. Claims 1. A precipitator coaxing a cylindrical body, a precipitating receptacle with a coarse drain and a drain box connected to a measuring vessel, characterized in that, in order to determine the structure of rainfall, it is equipped with cone-shaped sieves with calibrated holes coaxially placed under the drain pipe. The mi, whose size decreases from the upper sieve to the lower one, and sediment collectors are located under the lower sieve and at the outer edge of each sieve. 2. Drainer in accordance with claim I, about t l and h and y and with the fact that in it the sieves are equipped with reflective plates rigidly fixed on their lower surface, 3. Drainer in accordance with claim 1, in T and It is also due to the fact that in it the sediment collectors located at the edge of the sieve are fixed on the inner side surface of the housing, which is equipped with an annular heater. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR author's certificate No. 345465, cl. G014V 1/14, 1969.

2. The patent for the invention of the USSR No. 3932, cl. 001 W 1/14, 1927 (prototype).