SU773741A1

SU773741A1 - Thermosensitive cable

Info

Publication number: SU773741A1
Application number: SU782692042A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Николаевич Цыганков; Карл Иванович Петров; Юрий Михайлович Сизенов; Владимир Николаевич Лобанов; Владимир Алексеевич Архаров
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я А-7186
Priority date: 1978-12-06
Filing date: 1978-12-06
Publication date: 1980-10-23

Description

Изобретение относится к кабельной технике, в частности к термочувствительным кабелям, применяемым в системах пожарной сигнализации.The invention relates to cable technology, in particular to heat-sensitive cables used in fire alarm systems.

Известен термочувствительный кабель резистивного типа, в котором наполните- ® ли в виде стекол . ^или окислов уменьшают электрическое сопротивление при повышении температуры, что служит сигналом для аварийных систем. Такие) кабели по изменению электросопротивле— ¹⁰ния позволяют судить о повышении температуры J4J ·A temperature-sensitive cable of a resistive type is known in which it is filled in the form of glasses. ^ or oxides reduce electrical resistance with increasing temperature, which serves as a signal for emergency systems. Such) cables by the change in electrical resistance — ¹⁰ allow us to judge the increase in temperature J4J ·

Недостатком известного кабеля является слишком широкий-интервал температур срабатывания, обусловленный ¹⁵. измерением по единственному, параметру* отличающемуся большой Дисперсией.A disadvantage of the known cable is too wide - the response temperature range due to ¹⁵ . measurement by a single parameter * characterized by a large dispersion.

Указанный недостаток частично, устраняется в случае регистрации помимр электросопротивления, электрохимической ЭДС .The specified drawback is partially eliminated in the case of registration of the electrical resistance, electrochemical EMF.

Однако и в этом случае, несмотря на дублирование, линейность зависимостей ² величин сигналов электросопротивлений и ЭДС обуславливают достаточно широкий интервал температур срабатывания кабелей.However, in this case, despite the duplication, the linearity of the dependences of the ² values of the signals of electrical resistivity and EMF cause a fairly wide range of temperature response cables.

Цель изобретения — повышение точности регистрации аварийной температуры.The purpose of the invention is to increase the accuracy of recording emergency temperatures.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что термочувствительный кабель при заданной аварийной температуре выдает нелинейный сигнал. Этот нелинейный сигнал представляет собой разность, по крайней мере двух ЭДС, направленных противоположно друг другу, и возникающих между двумя проводниками в результате того, что электроизоляция одного из них выполнена из материала, имеющего фазовый переход, 'сопровождающийся тепловым эффектом при заданной аварийной температуре.This goal is achieved by the fact that the heat-sensitive cable at a given emergency temperature produces a non-linear signal. This non-linear signal is the difference of at least two EMFs directed oppositely to each other and arising between the two conductors as a result of the fact that the electrical insulation of one of them is made of a material having a phase transition, accompanied by a thermal effect at a given emergency temperature.

На фиг. 1 схематически представлена конструкция кабеля; на фиг. 2 - графики разности ЭДС, температурные зависимости электросопротивления и термо-ЭДС· материала, на фиг. 3 - конструкция термочувствительного кабеля.In FIG. 1 schematically shows a cable structure; in FIG. 2 - graphs of the difference of the EMF, the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance and thermo-EMF · material, in FIG. 3 - design of heat-sensitive cable.

Внешний проводник кабеля 1 (фиг. 1) состоит из двух металлических труб, имеющих электрический контакт по всей длине и выполненных из одного например, алюмели. Коаксиально в каждой· трубе размещена жила 2, выполненная также из одного материала, напри-i. мер, хромели. Жилы отделены от оболочки электроизоляционным материалом, имеющим отрицательный температурный коэффициент сопротивления, причем ?в одном случае материал не имеет фазовых превращений в интервале рабочих температур, в другом - имеет фазовое превращение при заданной аварийной температуре, сопровождающееся тепловым эффектом, . например, материалы: 3твердый раствор системы^^гО-СоЮД-Са^О.The outer conductor of cable 1 (Fig. 1) consists of two metal pipes having electrical contact along the entire length and made of one, for example, alumel. Coaxially in each tube, a core 2 is placed, also made of one material, for example, i. measures lame. The cores are separated from the sheath by an insulating material having a negative temperature coefficient of resistance, and in one case the material has no phase transformations in the range of operating temperatures, in the other it has a phase transformation at a given emergency temperature, accompanied by a thermal effect,. for example, materials: 3 solid solution of the system ^^ gO-Soyud-Ca ^ O.

При эксплуатации такого кабеля в аварийной системе наряду с регистрациями изменений : электропроводности - (блсн ки 5, 6 - источники питания) блоки 7 и )8 термо-ЭДС'^возникающих между оболочками и жилами (блоки 9 и 10), фиксируется разность термо—ЭДС; — блок 11, которая при температуре фазового перехода резко возрастает·. Графики разности ЭДС (Е^- Е^), температурные за* висимости электросопротивления и термо-ЭДфЕ показаны на фиг. 2. На фиг. 3 представлена конструкция термочувствительного кабеля.When such a cable is used in an emergency system, along with the registration of changes: electrical conductivity - (bls 5, 6 - power supplies) blocks 7 and) 8 thermo-EMF '^ arising between the shells and conductors (blocks 9 and 10), the difference in thermo- Emf; - block 11, which at the phase transition temperature increases sharply ·. Graphs of the difference in the EMF (E ^ - E ^), the temperature dependences of the electrical resistance and thermo-EDfE are shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 3 shows the design of a heat-sensitive cable.

Терцочувствительный кабель состоит ’из оболочки 12, выполненной, например . из алюмели, металлической трубки 13, выполненной, например, из хромели, жилы 14, выполненной из того же материала что и оболочка 12, которые разделены электроизоляционным материалом 15, имеющим фазовый переход с тепловым эффектом при заданной аварийной температуре, например,Τί0_χ ,The heat-sensitive cable consists of a sheath 12 made, for example. from alumel, a metal tube 13 made, for example, of chromel, a core 14 made of the same material as the sheath 12, which are separated by an insulating material 15 having a phase transition with a thermal effect at a given emergency temperature, for example, Τί0 _χ ,

Ьс1’ПО^,КМЬ0₃и электроизоляционным мате риалом 16, не имеющим фазовых переходов во всем интервале рабочих температур. При эксплуатации этой конструкции кабеля наряду с регистрациями изменений электропроводности: блоки 17 и 18 (блоки 19, 20 - источники питания) термоЭДС - блоки 21 и 22, фиксируются разность термо—ЭДС-блок 23, которая при· температуре' фазового перехода чрезко возрастает и имеет температурную зависимость, аналогичную приведенной на фиг. 2.Bc1 ', KMb0 ₃ and an electrical insulating material 16, which does not have phase transitions in the entire range of operating temperatures. During operation of this cable design, along with recordings of changes in electrical conductivity: blocks 17 and 18 (blocks 19, 20 — power supplies) thermoEMF — blocks 21 and 22, the difference between the thermo-EMF block 23 is fixed, which increases rapidly at the temperature of the phase transition and has a temperature dependence similar to that shown in FIG. 2.

Выбор конструкционных материалов кабеля зависит от конкретных условий эксплуатации .Так для Металлических элементов могут быть использованы металлы и сплавы, образующие термопары: хромель-алюмель, платина-платинородий, хромель-копель, медь-константан, в качестве электроизоляционных материалов, не имеющих фазовых превращений в интервале рабочих температур: полупроводниковые окислы, системы окислов, твердые растворы О^Сг_λ0₃, MgO №_х0_ь а и др. а в качестве материалов, имеющих ' фазовые превращенияThe choice of structural materials for the cable depends on the specific operating conditions. Thus, metals and alloys forming thermocouples can be used for Metal elements: chromel-alumel, platinum-platinum-rhodium, chromel-copel, copper-constantan, as electrical insulating materials that do not have phase transformations in working temperature range: semiconductor oxides, oxides of the system, solid solutions Cr O ^ _λ 0 _3, MgO № _x 0 _s and etc. and as materials having a 'phase transformations.

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Термочувствительные кабели предложенных конструкций позволяют снизить интервал температур срабатывания до ЗоЪ, что позволит повысить точность регистрации аварийной температуры датчиков, изготовленных из 'таких кабелей, примерно в два раза по сравнению с существующими кабелями.The thermosensitive cables of the proposed designs make it possible to reduce the response temperature range to 3b, which will increase the accuracy of recording the emergency temperature of sensors made from such cables by about half as compared to existing cables.

Claims

The invention relates to cable technology, in particular to heat-sensitive cables used in fire alarm systems. Known thermosensitive cable of the resistive type, in which the fillers in the form of glasses. or oxides reduce the electrical resistance with increasing temperature, which serves as a signal and emergency systems. Such i cables according to the change in electrical resistivity make it possible to judge the temperature rise J. The disadvantage of the known cable is too wide — the range is flowing & The response times are determined by the I measurement of a single, parameter that has a large variance. This disadvantage is often eliminated in the case of registration, in addition to electrical resistivity, an electrochemical emf 2. However, even in this case, despite duplication, the linearity of the dependences of the values of the electrical resistance signals and the emf cause a fairly wide range of temperatures for the operation of the cables. The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of recording the emergency temperature. This goal is achieved by the fact that a thermosensitive cable at a given emergency temperature produces a nonlinear signal. This non-linear signal is the difference between at least two electromotive forces, which are opposite to each other, and between the conductors between the sound due to the fact that the electrical insulation of one of them is made of a material that has a phase transition, accompanied by a thermal effect of the given emergency temperature. Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the structure of the cable; in fig. 2 shows plots of the difference in electromotive force, temperature dependency of electrical resistivity and thermo-EDC in FIG. 3 - design of the pressure sensitive cable. The outer conductor of the cable 1 (Fig. 1) consists of two metal pipes having electrical contact along the entire length and made of the same material, for example: alumeli. A core 2 is placed coaxially in each pipe, which is also made of one material, for example, chromel. The conductors are separated from the insulator by electrically insulating material having a negative temperature coefficient of resistance, and in one case the material does not have phase transformations in the range of operating temperatures, in the other case it has phase transformation at a given emergency temperature, accompanied by a thermal effect,. For example, materials: 3-solid solution of the system L 0-С | 0,4-Са (When using such a cable in an emergency system, along with registration of changes: conductivity - (blocks 5, 6 - power sources) blocks 7 and} 8 thermo- EMF "arising between the shells and the conductors (blocks 9 and Yu), the difference between the thermo-EMF is fixed; - block 11, which sharply increases at the phase transition temperature. EMF difference graphs (Ej-Е-), temperature dependences of the electrical resistance p and thermal -ELS} B- shown in FIG.

2. In FIG. 3 shows the design of the thermosensitive cable. A thermosensitive cable consists of a sheath 12 made, for example, a metal tube 13, a metal tube 13 made, for example, of chromel, a core 14 made of the same material as the sheath 12, which are separated by an electrically insulating material 15. the effect at a given emergency temperature, HanpHMep, TfO., NiO ,, ,, boiTiOi, KWbOjn, is an electrically insulating material 16 that does not have phase transitions in the entire range of working temperatures. During operation of this cable design, along with the changes in electrical conductivity: blocks 17 and 18 (blocks 19, 2O are power sources) of thermoEMF - blocks 21 and 22, the difference of thermal EMF block 23 is fixed, which at the phase transition temperature “It increases dramatically and has a temperature curl similar to that shown in FIG. 2. 7 14 The choice of cable construction materials depends on the specific operating conditions. So Metals can use metals and alloys that form thermocouples: chromel-alumel, platinum-platinum, chromel-kopel, copper-constantan, as electrical insulation materials, do not have phase transformations in the inter. operating temperature: semiconductor oxides, oxide systems, solid solutions M (-Co, Odzr5, NG0., MgO ,,, etc.) and as materials having phase transformations, VOj, Gc.205, TO, NiO, Cu, S ,,., ° 7. Borri ,, 0. ,,, 0, №Ti 0, PtoNto ,, Oz. Thermally sensitive cables of the proposed constructions reduce the temperature range of the actuator to the AIA, which will improve the accuracy of recording the emergency temperature of the sensors manufactured of these cables, about two times compared with existing cables. Formula of the invention 1. Thermal cable, the adherent conductors capable of forming a thermocouple and separated from each other by an electrical insulating material having a negative temperature coefficient of resistance, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of recording the emergency temperature, the insulation between the two conductors forming the thermocouple is made of a material having a phase transition at a given temperature. 2, The cable according to claim 1, I distinguish W and also with the fact that it contains three conductors, one of which is made in the form of two pipes of the same material, having electrical contact throughout: the cable, and the other two conductors, are located coaxially inside the specified tubes.

3. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains three conductors, two of which are made in the form of tubes arranged coaxially to the center conductor, and

5773.7416

central and outer conductors 1. US Patent No. 2936434

worn from the same material. 338-26, I960.

Sources of information taken into account in the examination

2, USSR Authorship Certificate No. 5600261.kl, H 01 B 7/16, 1977

5 (prototype).

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