SU771259A1 - Single-bucket excavator working equipment - Google Patents

Description

(54) WORKING EQUIPMENT OF SINGLE-BIT EXCAVATOR

one

The invention relates to earthmoving machines, in particular to single-bucket excavators.

A single-bucket excavator is known, including a bucket arm, a boom, and a cable-block control system 1.

However, the process of digging this excavator is characterized by a relatively high energy intensity due to the irrational distribution of the load on the drive of the working equipment over the time of the digging cycle. For example, the process of destroying the soil and filling the bucket is accompanied by a high load on the drive, while the reverse idling of the working equipment provides relatively small loads, which necessitates the installation of an increased engine power on the excavator and determines significant energy losses.

The working equipment of a single-bucket excavator is known, including a boom, a handle, a lifting winch and a bucket, the block of which is connected through a chain hoist with a counterweight mounted in guides 2.

When the bucket is lowered, the movable counterweight is mixed into the top point by means of a tackle, digging the soil with a bucket is accompanied by lowering the counterbalance, the weight of which is summed with the circumferential force on the drive drum of the lifting winch.

The main disadvantage of this working equipment is that the vertical movement of a significant mass of the movable counterweight causes a corresponding shift in the center of gravity of the excavator, which in some cases leads to a violation of the stability of the latter. In addition, the movable counterweight significantly increases the total metal intensity of the excavator.

The aim of the invention is to improve

15 stability and increase the efficiency of the excavator by reducing the mass of the movable counterweight.

Claims (2)

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the working equipment, including the boom, the arm, the lifting winch and the bucket, the block of which is connected through a chain hoist with a counterweight mounted in rails, the latter are made in the form of a cylinder closed at the bottom end and provided with a rope seal for lifting the winch, which is mounted on the upper end of the cylinder, and the counterweight is designed as a piston located in the cylinder, the cylinder having a pipeline with a valve for communicating the cylinder cavities. The idle movement of the excavator's bucket downwards causes the lift of the piston, the vacuum in the lower cavity of the cylinder and the compression of air in the upper cavity. The weight reduction of the counterweight is compensated by the forces of compressed air pressure from above to the counterweight and the negative pressure forces acting on the counterweight from top to bottom. The drawing schematically shows the bucket excavator with working equipment, a general view. The excavator includes a turntable 1, on which an arrow 2 is mounted with a hand 3 and a bucket 4. The bucket block 5 is connected by a rope 6, stored through the boom head 7, to the lifting winch 8 and the rope 9, stocked through block 7 and iO and the hoist 11 with a movable counterweight 12. The movable counterweight 12 is made in the form of a piston, provided with an annular seal, and is installed in a guide cylinder 13, hermetically closed at the bottom end. At the upper end, the cylinder 13 is hermetically sealed with a lid 14 provided with a seal 15 for the rope 9 of the lifting winch, which is designed as an omentum. The upper cavity 16 of the cylinder 13 and the lower cavity 17 are interconnected by a pipeline 18 equipped with a controlled pneumatic valve 19. The excavation of the working equipment of a single bucket excavator is carried out as follows. When the bucket 4 is lowered into the face, the movable counterweight 12 rises to the upper point, creating a vacuum in the lower cavity 17 and compressing the air in the upper cavity of the cylinder 16. 13. The soil set in the bucket is accompanied by lowering the counterweight 12, which is simultaneously acted upon by weight forces in the cavity 16 and the vacuum in the cavity 17. If it is necessary to stop the working equipment, the operator opens the pneumatic valve 19, interconnecting the cavities 16 and 17 of the cylinder 13 and thereby balancing the pressure on the counterweight 12 while positioning it top. The advantage of the invention is that at the same time, the pneumatic and vacuum effects on the counterweight can significantly reduce its weight and increase the force in the hoisting rope without increasing the size of the counterweight chain hoop. In addition, the inertial forces of the weight of the counterweight are replaced by elastic forces of deformation of the air and vacuum pads inside the cylinder, which will significantly increase the damping of dynamic loads acting on the working equipment of the excavator and its reliability and durability. Reducing the weight of the movable counterweight will improve the stability of the excavator under extreme working conditions. Claims of the work equipment of a single-bucket excavator, including a boom, a handle, a lifting winch and a bucket, the block of which is connected through a hoist with a counterweight mounted in guides, characterized in that, in order to increase stability and reduce its weight, the guides are made a cylinder closed at the lower end and fitted with a rope winch lifting winch, which is mounted on the upper end of the cylinder, and the counterweight is made in the form of a piston located in the cylinder, the cylinder having conduit with a valve for communicating the cylinder cavities. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Berkman I. L. and others. Universal one-bucket construction excavators. M., “Higher School, 1977, p. 38 2. USSR author's certificate number 307158, cl. E 02 F 3/42, 1970 (prototype).   i CXI