SU755528A1 - Combined tool for working flat surfaces - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the cold processing of metals by cutting with simultaneous plastic deformation and can be used for finishing machining of narrow flat surfaces on parts such as guides, slats, wedges, etc.

Known are combined tools for machining flat surfaces, which are a combination of an end milling cutter with a knurled head, where balls are used as deforming elements [1].

The known combined tools work with a blow at the moment when the deforming elements touch the treated surface, which affects the durability of the components of the deforming part of the tool, as well as the accuracy and quality of the surface being processed. To reduce the impact, special strips are used that are installed along the surface to be machined, or start-up technological chamfers are made on the parts. The roughness of the surface treated with these tools is not uniform in width, due to the kinematics of the process itself. The performance of such combi .30

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tools is determined by the performance of the deforming part, i.e. feed on the ball, which is significantly less than feed per tooth.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality and increase the accuracy of the machined surface, improving the performance and durability of the combined tool, especially when machining narrow flat surfaces.

To achieve this goal, a knurled head with one deforming element representing a cylindrical roller, whose length is slightly greater than the width of the surface to be machined, is installed in the tool body. When the tool body of the cutting tool is rotated, the deforming roller remains stationary relative to the tool's axis of rotation, since it has the ability to self-align on the work surface in a plane perpendicular to this surface and the feed direction.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a general view of the tool described; in fig. 2-6 - possible locations of the deforming roller.

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The tool includes a tool body 1 tool, for example cutters,

made at the same time with the shank, and the knurled head with one deforming roller 2 placed inside the housing. The incisors 3 are mounted in the frame of the cutter 1 with wedges with 4 screws

5. The deforming roller 2 is based on the roller 6 of a larger diameter, installed in the insert 7 on the axis 8, and is kept from falling out by the separator 9. The insert 7 rests on the spherical sleeve 10, which is installed in the housing of the cutter 1.

The force of the rolling of the deforming element on the surface to be machined is created by the cup springs 11 supported on the pressure disk 12, and through a series of diametrically arranged balls 13 is transmitted to the insert 7.

Adjusting the magnitude of the rolling force is done by screwing the nut 14 onto the cutter body. To ensure that the rotation of the milling cutter body 1 is not transmitted to the deforming roller 2, the thrust bearing 15 and evenly spaced balls 16 are evenly spaced around the circumference. In the insert 7, there are textlite keys 17 (Fig. 1) and 18 (Fig. 2), which are kept from falling out of the separator 9. The installation of the deforming roller 2 relative to the tops of the cutters 3 is adjusted by screwing the nut 19 into the body of the milling cutter 1, which is then locked with a locknut 20.

The machining of flat surfaces on milling machines is carried out when the tool is rotated ν _κ (main), and the details are rectilinear translational motion 5d (feed). The combined tool is installed in the spindle of a vertical milling machine. When you turn on the main movement of the body of the cutter 1 begins to rotate and the cutters 3 describe circular trajectories. The deforming roller remains stationary relative to the axis of rotation of the tool, being located at any arbitrary angle about relative to the direction of movement of the part 21 (see Fig. 1) or (as the best option) along the movement (see Fig. 3). When reporting the movement of the feed part 21, the cutters enter the work, 3 and process the surface with its removal of chips, while the deforming roller is stationary. Moving relative to the combined tool, part 21 rests on the key 18 or 17 (Fig. 5) and turns the knurled head to those

then, until the axis of the deforming roller 2 is installed in the working position, i.e. perpendicular to the feed movement.

To eliminate the possibility of jamming when installing the roller along the movement of the part (Fig. 3), spring-loaded pins 17 and 18 are arranged in pairs relative to the roller, and the spring stiffness of the pins 18 is significantly greater than that of the pins 17. Moving, the part 21 abuts the pins 17 and 18 , due to the displacement of the key 18 by the amount a, a torque arises that turns the knurled head, while the key 17, having a spring of lesser rigidity, is recessed, and the part, resting on the roller, rotates the knurled head to the working position (Fig. 4). Upon further movement of the part, a simultaneous surface treatment process occurs with the removal of chips with incisors and surface plastic deformation with a roller, while the roller is located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the part (see Fig. 6).

Claims (2)

Claim 1. Combined tool for machining flat surfaces containing an end cutting tool and a knurled head with a deforming element, distinguished by the fact that, in order to improve the quality and productivity · processing, knurled head is placed inside the tool body with the possibility of self-installation of the deforming element in the process of joint processing perpendicular to the feed direction of the part. 2. Instrument on π. 1, in order to install the deforming element in the working position, the rolling head is provided with two pairs of spring-loaded keys located on the end of the rolling head, on each side of the deforming element, with one pair the keys are offset relative to the axis of rotation of the deforming element, and the spring stiffness of this pair is greater than the spring stiffness of the other key pair.