SU754006A1

SU754006A1 - Collapsible three-dimensional structure

Info

Publication number: SU754006A1
Application number: SU782602927A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Иван Николаевич Дмитриев; Николай Прокофьевич Мельников; Сергей Сергеевич Кармилов; Геннадий Николаевич Беккер
Priority date: 1978-04-07
Filing date: 1978-04-07
Publication date: 1980-08-07

Description

Изобретение относится к области строительства и может быть использовано в конструкциях покрытий и стен, а также для специальных конструкций различного назначения.The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of coatings and walls, as well as for special structures for various purposes.

Известны складные каркасы простран- ₅ственных конструкций, включающие группы попарно пересекающихся стержней с шарнирным соединением между собой в точке пересечения и противолежащие узлы, шарнирно объединяющие концы стержней, отдельные группы которых находятся в пре- 10 делах общих взаимопересекающихся плоскостей [ 1 ].Known folding frames the space ₅ governmental structures comprising intersecting groups of mutually articulated rods interconnected at the point of intersection and opposite assemblies pivotally combining ends of the rods, the individual groups are in general affairs pre- 10 intersecting planes [1].

Основный недостком известных складных каркасов является то, что с их помощью можно образовывать конструкции покрытий, имеющих только плоскую форму. 'The main disadvantage of the known folding frames is that with their help it is possible to form structures of coatings having only a flat shape. ''

Известна также складная пространственная конструкция, включающая элементы поясов и раскосную решетку, образованную группами попарно пересекающихся стержней 20 с шарнирными соединениями между собой в точке пересечения и противолежащими узлами, шарнирно объединяющими концы стержней, отдельные группы которых нахо2 дятся в пределах общих взаимопересекающихся плоскостей [2].A folding spatial structure is also known, including belt elements and a diagonal lattice formed by groups of pairs of intersecting rods 20 with hinged joints between themselves at the intersection point and opposite nodes that articulate the ends of the rods, individual groups of which are located within common mutually intersecting planes [2].

Сборка конструкций на монтаже осуществляется в две стадии: раздвижка складной системы раскосов; поэлементная установка поясов, способных одновременно выполнять функцию прогонов при устройстве кровли.The assembly of structures at installation is carried out in two stages: expansion of the folding system of braces; step-by-step installation of belts capable of simultaneously performing the function of runs with the roof device.

Раздвижка каркаса осуществляется с помощью специального приспособления. Основное время при сборке конструкций затрачивается на последующие стадии работ, а именно на поэлементную сборку поясов.Sliding the frame is carried out using a special device. Most of the time during the assembly of structures is spent on the subsequent stages of work, namely on the element-wise assembly of the belts.

Таким образом, основным недостатком является потребность большого объема работ по сборке покрытия после раздвижки складной системы раскосов.Thus, the main disadvantage is the need for a large amount of work on the assembly of the coating after sliding the folding braces.

Целью изобретения является повышение заводской готовности.The aim of the invention is to increase factory availability.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что каждый из элементов поясов складной пространственной конструкции, включающей элементы поясов и раскосную решетку, образованную попарно пересекающимися стержнями, шарнирно соединенными между собой в точке пересечения и противолежащими узлами, шарнирно объединяющими концы стержней, отдельные из которых размещены в общих взаимопересекающихся плоскостях, одним концом шарнирно присоединен к одному из узлов раскосной решетки, а другим соединен со смежными элементами поясов с образованием подъемно-опускного шарнирного узла, совмещенного с соответствующим узлом раскосной решетки.This goal is achieved by the fact that each of the elements of the belts of a folding spatial structure, including elements of the belts and a diagonal lattice formed by pairwise intersecting rods pivotally connected to each other at the intersection point and opposing nodes pivotally joining the ends of the rods, some of which are placed in common mutually intersecting planes , with one end pivotally attached to one of the nodes of the diagonal lattice, and the other connected to adjacent elements of the belts with the formation of the lifting-opus pivot hinge assembly, combined with the corresponding node diagonal lattice.

Часть узлов раскосной решетки соединена между собой дополнительными элементами.Some nodes of the diagonal lattice are interconnected by additional elements.

К части подъемно-опускных узлов, лежащих в плоскости одного из поясов, могут быть прикреплены вертикальные стержни, пропущенные сквозь отверстия в соответствующих противолежащих узлах раскосной решетки и имеющие длину, равную расстоянию между поясами. Эти стержни обеспечивают одновременную фиксацию противолежащих подъемно-опускных шарнирных узлов.Vertical rods can be attached to the part of the lifting and lowering units lying in the plane of one of the belts, passing through the holes in the corresponding opposite nodes of the diagonal grating and having a length equal to the distance between the belts. These rods provide simultaneous fixation of opposite lifting and lowering hinge assemblies.

С целью упрощения демонтажа конструкции и исключения образования мертвых точек, препятствующих складыванию каркаса структуры, подъемно-опускные узлы и смежные узлы раскосной решетки расположены в плоскостях, смещенных относительно друг друга.In order to simplify the dismantling of the structure and to prevent the formation of blind spots that prevent folding of the frame of the structure, the lifting and lowering nodes and adjacent nodes of the diagonal lattice are located in planes that are offset relative to each other.

На фиг. 1 изображена конструкция в проектном положении, поперечный разрез; на фиг. 2 — то же, вид в плане; на фиг. 3 — то же, в сложенном положении; на фиг. 4 — то же, вид сбоку (условно показаны элементы, идущие перпендикулярно рассматриваемой плоскости).In FIG. 1 shows a structure in a design position, a cross section; in FIG. 2 - same, plan view; in FIG. 3 - the same, in the folded position; in FIG. 4 - the same side view (conventionally shown elements running perpendicular to the plane under consideration).

Конструкция состоит из складной раскосной решетки, концы стержней 1 которой шарнирно объединены в смежные узлы 2, и элементов поясов 3, объединяющих эти узлы. Каждый из элементов поясов одним концом шарнирно присоединен к одному из узлов раскосной решетки, а другим шарнирно соединен со смежными элементами поясов, с образованием подъемно-опускного шарнирного узла 4, в проектном положении совмещенного с соответствующим узлом 5 раскосной решетки.The design consists of a folding diagonal lattice, the ends of the rods 1 of which are pivotally combined into adjacent nodes 2, and the elements of the belts 3, combining these nodes. Each of the elements of the belts is pivotally connected at one end to one of the nodes of the diagonal lattice, and the other is pivotally connected to adjacent elements of the belts, with the formation of the lifting-lowering hinge node 4, in the design position combined with the corresponding node 5 of the diagonal lattice.

С целью обеспечения геометрической неизменяемости конструкции, противолежащие узлы раскосной решетки могут быть соединены стержнем 6, а смежные узлы в плоскости одного из поясов — стержнем 7.In order to ensure geometric design immutability, the opposite nodes of the diagonal lattice can be connected by a rod 6, and adjacent nodes in the plane of one of the zones with a rod 7.

Вертикальные стержни 8 прикреплены к подъемно-опускным нижним шарнирным узлам 9, находящимся в плоскости одного из поясов (например, в плоскости нижнего пояса, как показано на фиг. 1). Эти стержни, имея длину, равную расстоянию между поясами в проектном положении, пропущены сквозь отверстия в соответствующих противолежащих узлах 10, 11 раскосной решетки в отверстия в подъемно-опускных верхних шарнирных узлах 12.The vertical rods 8 are attached to the lifting and lowering lower hinge assemblies 9 located in the plane of one of the zones (for example, in the plane of the lower zone, as shown in Fig. 1). These rods, having a length equal to the distance between the belts in the design position, are passed through the holes in the corresponding opposing nodes of the diagonal grating 10 into the holes in the lifting and lower upper hinge nodes 12.

Плоскость крепления концов элементов пояса к подъемно-опускному шарнирному узлу может быть смещена от вертикали относительно плоскости крепления противолежащих концов этих элементов к узлам раскосной решетки. Для конструкции, изображенной на фиг. 1 и 2 в верхнем поясе подъемно-опускные шарнирные узлы должны быть расположены выше относительно смежных узлов, в нижнем поясе — наоборот.The plane of attachment of the ends of the elements of the belt to the lifting and lowering hinge assembly can be offset from the vertical relative to the plane of attachment of the opposite ends of these elements to the nodes of the diagonal lattice. For the structure shown in FIG. 1 and 2 in the upper zone, the lifting and lowering hinge nodes should be located higher relative to adjacent nodes, in the lower zone, vice versa.

Форма поверхности конструкции, а также длины верхних и нижних поясов определяется геометрией раскосной решетки.The shape of the surface of the structure, as well as the lengths of the upper and lower zones, is determined by the geometry of the diagonal lattice.

При раздвижке конструкции подъемноопускные узлы совмещаются с соответствующими узлами раскосной решетки и фиксируются относительно друг друга.When the structure is extended, the lifting and lowering units are combined with the corresponding nodes of the diagonal lattice and are fixed relative to each other.

Вертикальные стержни при раздвижке конструкции проходят сквозь отверстия в соответствующих противолежащих узлах раскосной решетки и подъемно-опускном верхнем шарнирном узле. При фиксации подъемно-опускного узла к верхнему узлу раскосной решетки, например с помощью гайки, расположенной на верхнем конце вертикального стержня, выходящего за пределы подъемно-опускного узла, одновременно будет фиксироваться подъемно-опускной нижний узел относительно соответствующего противолежащего узла раскосной решетки.The vertical rods during the extension of the structure pass through the holes in the corresponding opposite nodes of the diagonal lattice and the lifting and lowering upper hinge assembly. When fixing the lifting-lowering unit to the upper node of the diagonal grating, for example, using a nut located on the upper end of the vertical rod extending beyond the lifting-lowering node, the lifting-lowering lower node will be simultaneously fixed relative to the corresponding opposite node of the diagonal grating.

Наличие в конструкции складных поясов практически сведет работы по сборке каркаса покрытия к его раздвижке, что значительно ускорит монтаж последнего.The presence in the design of folding belts will practically reduce the work of assembling the coating frame to its extension, which will greatly accelerate the installation of the latter.

Конструкция в сложенном положении компактна, занимаемая ею площадь зависит от размеров узлов в плане, которые в данном случае плотно примыкают друг к другу (см. фиг. 3), а высота равна длине раскоса плюс длина верхнего и нижнего пояса (фиг. 4).The design in the folded position is compact, the area occupied by it depends on the dimensions of the nodes in the plan, which in this case are closely adjacent to each other (see Fig. 3), and the height is equal to the length of the brace plus the length of the upper and lower zones (Fig. 4).

Так для конструкции покрытия размером 12 X 24 м складной каркас в транспортном положении имеет габариты 1,2 X X 2,4 X 6,5 м.So for a cover structure of 12 X 24 m in size, the folding frame in the transport position has dimensions of 1.2 X X 2.4 X 6.5 m.

Поэлементная сборка конструкции на монтаже заменяется заводской сборкой складного каркаса с последующей раздвижкой на монтаже.The element-wise assembly of the structure at the installation is replaced by the factory assembly of the folding frame with the subsequent expansion at the installation.

Испытание экспериментальных моделей показали, что усилие раздвижки для реальной конструкции не будет превышать 100 кг.Testing of experimental models showed that the sliding force for a real design will not exceed 100 kg.

Данная конструкция, имеющая полную заводскую готовность, позволит снизить трудоемкость монтажа по сравнению с существующими решениями в 2—3 раза, что особенно важно для отдаленных и труднодоступных районов СССР, где наблюдаются дефицит рабочей силы и сложные климатические условия.This design, which has full factory readiness, will reduce the complexity of installation compared to existing solutions by 2-3 times, which is especially important for remote and inaccessible areas of the USSR, where there is a shortage of labor and difficult climatic conditions.

Расчетный экономический эффект при использовании новой конструкции в этих районах составляет 200 тыс. руб. в год, при объеме внедрения 100 тыс. кв. м покрытия.The estimated economic effect when using the new design in these areas is 200 thousand rubles. per year, with the introduction of 100 thousand square meters. m cover.

Claims

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of coatings and walls, as well as for special structures for various purposes. Folding frameworks of spatial structures are known, including groups of pairwise intersecting rods with a hinge joint between each other at the intersection point and opposite nodes, articulatingly connecting the ends of the rods, the separate groups of which are within the common intersecting planes 1. The main disadvantage of the known folding frames is that they can form coating structures that have only a flat shape. A folding spatial structure is also known, which includes elements of a cusp and a diagonal grille, formed by groups of mutually intersecting rods with hinged joints between each other at the intersection point and opposite nodes, which are articulated to unite the ends of the rods, the separate groups of which are within the common intersecting planes 2. The assembling of structures on the installation is carried out in two stages: separation of the folding system of diagonals; element wise installation of the components capable of simultaneously performing the function of the runs for roofing. The frame is extended by a special tool. Most of the time for assembling structures is spent on the next stages of work, namely the element-by-element assembly of the Sov. Thus, the main disadvantage is the need for a large amount of work on the assembly of the coating after the folding of the folding brace system. The aim of the invention is to increase factory readiness. This goal is achieved by the fact that each of the elements of a folded spatial structure, including the elements of a spiral and a diagonal lattice formed by pairwise intersecting rods, hinged together at the intersection point and opposite nodes, jointly connecting the ends of the rods, some of which are placed in the common mutually intersecting planes, with one end hingedly connected to one of the nodes of the diagonal grid, and the other connected to adjacent elements, with the formation of a lifting -injector hinge, combined with the corresponding node of the diagonal grid. A part of the nodes of the diagonal grid is interconnected by additional elements. Vertical rods may be attached to a part of the lifting and lowering units lying in the plane of one of the boards, which are passed through the holes in the corresponding opposite nodes of the diagonal grid and have a length equal to the distance between themselves. These rods provide simultaneous fixation of opposite lifting and lowering hinge nodes. In order to simplify the dismantling of the structure and eliminate the formation of dead points that prevent the structure from collapsing, the lifting and lowering units and the adjacent nodes of the diagonal lattice are located in planes offset from each other. FIG. 1 shows the structure in the design position, cross section; in fig. 2 - the same plan view; in fig. 3 - the same, in the folded position; in fig. 4 - the same, side view (elements are shown that are perpendicular to the plane under consideration). The structure consists of a folding diagonal grid, the ends of the rods 1 of which are articulated into adjacent nodes 2, and the elements of the rest 3, which unite these nodes. Each of the elements is jointly connected at one end to one of the nodes of the diagonal lattice, while the other is jointly connected with adjacent elements of the connection, with the formation of a lifting-lowering hinge assembly 4, in the design position combined with the corresponding assembly 5 of the diagonal crosshead. In order to ensure the geometrical immutability of the structure, the opposing nodes of the diagonal grid can be connected by a rod 6, and adjacent nodes in the plane of one of the covalent rod 7. Vertical rods 8 are attached to the lifting and lowering hinge nodes 9 located in the plane of one of the (eg, in the lower plane, as shown in Fig. 1). These rods, having a length equal to the distance between themselves in the design position, are passed through the holes in the respective opposite nodes 10, 11 of the diagonal lattice into the holes in the lifting and lowering upper hinge nodes 12. The plane of attachment of the ends of the elements along the lifting and lowering hinge the node can be shifted from the vertical relative to the plane of attachment of the opposite ends of these elements to the nodes of the diagonal grid. For the structure shown in FIG. 1 and 2 in the upper sew lifting and lowering pivot points should be located higher than the adjacent nodes, in the lower se f - vice versa. The shape of the surface of the structure, as well as the length of the upper and lower blades, is determined by the geometry of the diagonal lattice. When the structure is moved apart, the lifting units are combined with the corresponding nodes of the diagonal lattice and fixed relative to each other. When extending the structure, the vertical rods pass through the holes in the respective opposite nodes of the diagonal grid and the lifting-lowering upper hinge assembly. When fixing the lifting and lowering unit to the upper node of the diagonal lattice, for example, using a nut located at the upper end of the vertical rod that extends beyond the lifting and lowering node, the lower lifting and lowering node will simultaneously be fixed relative to the corresponding opposite node of the diagonal grid. The presence in the design of folding boards will practically reduce the work on assembling the coating frame to its separation, which will significantly speed up the installation of the latter. The structure in the folded position is compact, the area it occupies depends on the size of the nodes in the plan, which in this case are closely adjacent to each other. (see Fig. 3), and the height is equal to the length of the brace plus the length of the upper and lower sa (Fig. 4). Thus, for a construction of a size of 12 X 24 m, the folding frame in the transport position has dimensions of 1.2 X X 2.4 X 6.5 m. The element-by-element assembly of the structure on the assembly is replaced by the factory assembly of the folding frame with the subsequent expansion on the assembly. Testing experimental models showed that the expansion force for a real design will not exceed 100 kg. This factory-ready construction will reduce the laboriousness of installation compared to existing solutions by 2-3 times, which is especially important for remote and hard-to-reach areas of the USSR, where labor shortages and difficult climatic conditions are observed. The estimated economic effect when using a new design in these areas is 200 thousand rubles. per year, with the implementation of 100 thousand square meters. m cover. The claims 1 .Skladna spatial structure comprising elements truss chord members and a lattice formed of intersecting rods mutually hingedly interconnected at points of intersection and opposite nodes scharnirno combined yuschimi ends of the rods, some of which are arranged in common planes vzaimoperesekayuschihs wherein so that, in order to increase the factory readiness, each of the elements, at one end, is hingedly connected to one of the nodes of the diagonal grill, and the other With adjacent elements, it is combined with the formation of a lifting and lowering hinge assembly, combined with the corresponding diagonal lattice assembly. 2. The collapsed spatial structure according to claim 1, wherein a part of the diagonal lattice nodes is interconnected by additional connections. 3. Foldable spatial structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to ensure the simultaneous fixation of the opposite lifting and lowering articulated nodes, vertical rods attached to the part of them lying in the plane of one of the bands, are passed through the holes in the respective opposite nodes of the diagonal lattice and having a length equal to the distance between themselves. 4. Foldable spatial structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, in order to simplify the dismantling of the structure, the lifting and lowering units and adjacent nodes of the diagonal lattice are located in planes that are displaced relative to each other. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. US Patent No. 3375624, cl. 52-109, published. 1968.

2. USSR author's certificate number 506690, cl. E 04 B 1/343, 1973.