SU753701A1

SU753701A1 - Wheel vehicle brake system

Info

Publication number: SU753701A1
Application number: SU782588804A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Валерий Владимирович Гуськов; Евгений Анатольевич Романчик; Александр Михайлович Расолько; Николай Владимирович Богдан; Геннадий Поликарпович Грибко
Original assignee: Белорусский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Политехнический Институт
Priority date: 1978-03-09
Filing date: 1978-03-09
Publication date: 1980-08-07

Description

Изобретение относится к транспортному машиностроению, в частности к тракторостроению, и касается раздельных тормозных систем сельскохозяйственных колесных тракторов. ’The invention relates to transport machinery, in particular to tractor engineering, and relates to separate braking systems of agricultural wheeled tractors. ’

Наиболее близким к изобретению техническим решением является тормозная система колесного транспортного средства, содержащая источник давления, соединенный через редукционный клапан и раздельные·тормозные краны с правым и левым тормозными контурами, каждый из которых подключен к золотниковому распределителю управления подачей давления в рабо- 15 чую полость муфты блокировки дифференциала ведущего моста fl] .The technical solution closest to the invention is a braking system of a wheeled vehicle containing a pressure source connected via a pressure reducing valve and separate brake valves with right and left brake circuits, each of which is connected to a spool valve for controlling the supply of pressure to the working cavity of the clutch differential lock drive axle fl].

Нёдостатком такой системы являет- . ся то, что при выходе из строя одного контура (например, при поломке 20 трубопровода) тормозится одно колесо. В результате такого торможения,возникает разворачивающий момент, вызывающий потерю устойчивости трактора при торможении, а следовательно, сни-25 жается безопасность движения и эффек-. тивность торможения.The disadvantage of such a system is. The fact is that when one circuit fails (for example, if a pipeline breaks 20), one wheel is braked. As a result of such braking, a turning moment arises, causing the tractor to lose stability during braking, and therefore, driving safety and efficiency are reduced. braking activity.

Цель изобретения - повышение эффективности торможения при отказе одного тормозного контура. 30The purpose of the invention is to increase the braking efficiency in case of failure of one brake circuit. thirty

Цель достигается тем, что тормозная система снабжена энергоаккумулятором повышенного давления, подключенным к источнику давления, золотниковый распределитель выполнен трехпозиционным, причем в золотнике имеются каналы для соединения в первой позиции энергоаккумулятора с левым тормозным контуром и с рабочей полостью муфты блокировки, во второй - рабочей полости муфты блокировки со сливом, а в третьей - энерго аккумулятора с правым тормозным контуром и с рабочей полостью муфты блокировки, при этом торцовая полость образованная корпусом распределителя и одним торцом золотника, подключена через соответствующий тормозной кран к левому тормозному контуру, а торцовая полость, образованная корпусом распределителя и вторым торцом . золотника, подключена через другой тормозной кран к правому тормозному контуру.The goal is achieved by the fact that the brake system is equipped with an increased pressure accumulator connected to a pressure source, the spool valve is made three-position, and the spool has channels for connecting in the first position of the accumulator with the left brake circuit and with the working cavity of the lock clutch, in the second - the working cavity of the clutch locks with a drain, and in the third - the energy of the battery with the right brake circuit and with the working cavity of the locking clutch, while the end cavity formed by the housing the distributor and one end of the spool, connected through the corresponding brake valve to the left brake circuit, and the end cavity formed by the distributor housing and the second end. spool valve, connected through another brake valve to the right brake circuit.

На чертеже изображена схема тормозной системы колесного транспортного средства.The drawing shows a diagram of the braking system of a wheeled vehicle.

Тормозная система содержит источник.·: давления - насос 1, соединенный через нормально открытый редук цисшный клапан 2 и обратные клапаны 3 и 4 с рабочими гидроаккумулятора·- ’ ми 5 и б и тормозными кранами 7 и 8, Насос 1 посредством.обратного клапана 9 соединен с энергоаккумулятором повышенного давления, а через нормально закрытый редукционный клапанThe brake system contains a source. ·: Pressures - pump 1, connected through a normally open reduction valve 2 and check valves 3 and 4 with working accumulators · - 'mi 5 and b and brake valves 7 and 8, pump 1 through a non-return valve 9 connected to the pressure accumulator, and through a normally closed pressure reducing valve

- со сливом. Тормозные краны 7- with a drain. Brake Cranes 7

И 8, управляемые’ педалями 12 и 13 и имеющие связь со сливом, соединена соответственно магистралями 14 и 15 управления с тормозными цилиндрами 16 и 1? соответственно левого и пра- . него тормозных механизмов 18 и 19 ведущих колес 20 и 21 трактора, а также трубопроводами 22 и 23 с торцовыми полостями 24 и 25 золотникового распределителя 26, выполненного трехпозиционным.And 8, controlled by the pedals 12 and 13 and connected to the drain, are connected respectively to the control lines 14 and 15 with the brake cylinders 16 and 1? respectively left and right. him brake mechanisms 18 and 19 of the drive wheels 20 and 21 of the tractor, as well as pipelines 22 and 23 with end cavities 24 and 25 of the spool valve 26, made three-position.

Магистраль 14 и тормозной цилиндр образуют левый тормозной контур, а: магистраль 15 и тормозной цилиндрLine 14 and the brake cylinder form the left brake circuit, and: line 15 and the brake cylinder

- правый тормозной контур.- right brake circuit.

Ведущие колеса 20 и 21 кинематически связаны между собой посредством дифференциала. 27, блокируемого муфтой 28 с рабочей полостью 29.The drive wheels 20 and 21 are kinematically connected to each other through a differential. 27, locked by a clutch 28 with a working cavity 29.

Золотник распределителя 26, удерживаемый в нейтральном положении пружинами 30 и 31, соединен посредством трубопровода 32 с энергоаккумулятором 10 повышенного давления, а трубопровод дами 33,34 и. 35 соответственно с левыми и правыми тормозными цилиндрами 16 и 17 и рабочей полостью 29 муфты 28 блокировки дифференциала 27.The spool of the distributor 26, held in neutral position by the springs 30 and 31, is connected by means of a pipe 32 to an energy accumulator 10 of an increased pressure, and the pipe is 33.34 and. 35, respectively, with the left and right brake cylinders 16 and 17 and the working cavity 29 of the clutch 28 of the differential lock 27.

Тормозная система работает следующим образом.The brake system operates as follows.

При работе двигателя трактора насос 1 нагнетает масло под давлением через нормально открытый редукционный клапан 2 и обратные клапаны 3 и 4 в гидроаккумуляторы 5 и 6. Одновременно масло, отжимая обратный клапан 9, поступает в энергоаккумулятор повышенного давления. Редукционные клапаны 2-11 поддерживают определенное давление е системе, своевременно соединяя насос 1 со сливом, а обратные' клапаны 3,4 и 9 препятствуют выходу масла из гидроаккумуляторов 5 и 6 и энергоаккугчулятора· 10 на слив.When the tractor engine is running, pump 1 pumps oil under pressure through a normally open pressure reducing valve 2 and check valves 3 and 4 into the hydraulic accumulators 5 and 6. At the same time, oil, pressing the check valve 9, enters the high-pressure accumulator. Pressure reducing valves 2-11 maintain a certain pressure in the system by timely connecting pump 1 to the drain, and check valves 3,4 and 9 prevent the oil from leaving accumulators 5 and 6 and the energy accumulator · 10 to drain.

При отсутствии воздействия натормозные педали 12 и 13 тормозные краны 7 и 8 соединяют магистрали 14 и 15 управления со сливом; следовательно, тормозные цилиндры 16 и 17 отторможены. Золотник распределителя 26 под действием пружин 30 и 31 находится в нейтрального состоянии. При этом рабочая полость 29 муфты 28 блокировки дифференциала 27 соединена трубопроводом 35 со сливом и дифференциал 27 разблокирован, и ведущие колеса 20 и 21 могут вращаться на поворотах с различной угловой скоростью.In the absence of impact, the brake pedals 12 and 13 brake valves 7 and 8 connect the control lines 14 and 15 with a drain; therefore, the brake cylinders 16 and 17 are inhibited. The spool of the distributor 26 under the action of the springs 30 and 31 is in a neutral state. In this case, the working cavity 29 of the differential lock clutch 28 is connected by a pipe 35 to the drain and the differential 27 is unlocked, and the drive wheels 20 and 21 can rotate at bends at different angular speeds.

> Для совершения крутого поворота, что необходимо трактору при обработке почвы и уходу за посевами, напри мер, вправо, водитель нажимает на правую педаль 13. В этом случае тормозной кран 8 соединяет магистраль 15 управления и трубопровод 23 с рабочим гидроаккумулятором 6. Масло под. давлением из гидроаккумулятора 6 поступает по трубопроводу 23 к полости 25 золотника распределителя 26 и в тормозной цилиндр 17, осуществляя посредством тормозного механизма 19 затормаживания правого ведущего колеса 21. Золотник распределителя 26 находится в нейтральном положении вследствие того, что левая полость 24 отсоединена тормозным краном 7 от слива. Поскольку масло практически несжимаемо, то золотник распределителя 26 не может сдвинуться влево и рабочая полость 29 муфты 28 по-прежнему соединена трубопроводом 35 со сливом. Таким образом, дифференциал 27 разблокирован и не препятствует повороту трактора вправо. Аналогично система работает при затормаживании левого колеса.> To make a sharp turn, which is necessary for the tractor when processing the soil and caring for the crops, for example, to the right, the driver presses the right pedal 13. In this case, the brake valve 8 connects the control line 15 and the pipe 23 to the working accumulator 6. Oil under. the pressure from the accumulator 6 enters through the pipe 23 to the cavity 25 of the spool of the distributor 26 and to the brake cylinder 17, by means of the brake mechanism 19 of braking the right drive wheel 21. The spool of the distributor 26 is in the neutral position due to the fact that the left cavity 24 is disconnected by the brake valve 7 from plum. Since the oil is practically incompressible, the spool of the distributor 26 cannot move to the left and the working cavity 29 of the coupling 28 is still connected by a pipe 35 to the drain. Thus, the differential 27 is unlocked and does not prevent the tractor from turning to the right. Similarly, the system works when braking the left wheel.

При торможении на прямолинейном участке пути водитель одновременно нажимает на обе сблокированные педали 12 и 13. В этом случае тормозные краны 7 и 8 одновременно соединяют рабочие гидроаккумуляторы 5 и 6 посредством трубопроводов 22 и 23 и магистралей управления 14 и 15 соответственно с полостями 24 и 25 золотника распределителя и тормозными цилиндрами 16 и 17.When braking on a straight section of the track, the driver simultaneously presses both locked pedals 12 and 13. In this case, the brake valves 7 and 8 simultaneously connect the working accumulators 5 and 6 via pipelines 22 and 23 and control lines 14 and 15, respectively, with the cavities 24 and 25 of the spool distributor and brake cylinders 16 and 17.

В результате воздействия масла, поступающего из гидроаккумуляторов 5 и 6, тормозные цилиндры 16 и 17 воздействуют на тормозные механизмы 18 и 19, вызывая затормаживание левого и правого ведущих колес 20 и 21 трактора. Вследствие того, что в обе полости 24 и 25 управления золотника распределителя 26 поступает масло под давлением, то он находится в нейтральном положении, т.е. рабочая полость 29 соединена со сливом, а дифференциал 27 по-прежнему разблокирован.As a result of exposure to oil from the accumulators 5 and 6, the brake cylinders 16 and 17 act on the brake mechanisms 18 and 19, causing the left and right drive wheels 20 and 21 to brake. Due to the fact that oil under pressure enters both control cavities 24 and 25 of the control valve spool 26, it is in a neutral position, i.e. the working cavity 29 is connected to the drain, and the differential 27 is still unlocked.

В случае отказа в момент торможения одной из магистралей управления, например, разрыва магистрали 15 на участке от тормозного крана 8 до тормозного цилиндра 17, падает давление масла в этой магистрали и в соединенном с ней трубопроводе 23. В результате золотник распределителя 26 под действием разности давлений масла в полостях 24 и 25 передвигается вправо и соединяет трубопровод 32 с трубопроводом 33 и 35. Поскольку трубопровод 32, в свою очередь, соединен с энергоаккумулятором 10, то масло под повышенным давлением поступает в левый тормозной цилиндр 16 и рабочую полость 29 муфты 28 блокировки. Дифференциал 27 блокируется, благодаря чему тормозной момент от действующего тормозно753701 го механизма 18 передается равномерно на левое и правое ведущие колеса 20 и 21 трактора.In the event of a failure at the time of braking of one of the control lines, for example, a break in the line 15 in the section from the brake valve 8 to the brake cylinder 17, the oil pressure drops in this line and in the pipe 23 connected to it. As a result, the spool valve 26 under the influence of the pressure difference of oil in the cavities 24 and 25 moves to the right and connects the pipe 32 to the pipe 33 and 35. Since the pipe 32, in turn, is connected to the energy accumulator 10, the oil under increased pressure enters the left brake cylinder 16 and the working cavity 29 of the clutch 28 lock. The differential 27 is blocked, so that the braking torque from the current brake 753701 mechanism 18 is transmitted evenly to the left and right drive wheels 20 and 21 of the tractor.

В результате повышенного давления масла, создаваемого энергоаккумулятором 10, в исправной магистрали 14 уп- 5 равления в момент отказа другой магистрали 15 тормозной момент механизма 18 превышает (например, в два раза) максимальный рабочий тормозной момент, который поровну распределяется между ведущими колесами 20 и 21.As a result of the increased oil pressure created by the energy accumulator 10, in a serviceable control line 14 at the time of failure of the other line 15, the braking moment of the mechanism 18 exceeds (for example, twice) the maximum working braking moment, which is equally distributed between the drive wheels 20 and 21 .

Аналогично система работает при отказе любой другой магистрали управления на участках от обратных клапанов 3 и 4 до полостей 24 и 25 золотника и тормозных цилиндров 18 и 17. ¹³ Similarly, the system works in case of failure of any other control line in areas from check valves 3 and 4 to cavities 24 and 25 of the spool and brake cylinders 18 and 17. ¹³

Claims

The invention relates to the transport engineering industry, in particular to the tractor industry, and relates to separate brake systems of agricultural wheeled tractors. The closest technical solution to the invention is a wheeled vehicle brake system containing a pressure source connected through a pressure reducing valve and separate brake valves with right and left brake circuits, each of which is connected to a spool valve for controlling pressure supply to the working cavity of the lock-up clutch. differential drive axle IJ. The disadvantage of such a system is that when one circuit fails (for example, when a pipeline breaks) one wheel brakes. As a result of this braking, an unwrapping moment occurs causing the tractor to lose stability when braking, and therefore movement and braking efficiency. The purpose of the invention is to improve the braking efficiency in the event of a failure of one brake circuit. The goal is achieved by the fact that the brake system is equipped with an accumulated pressure power supply connected to a pressure source, the spool valve is three-positioned, and there are channels in the spool for connecting the power brake lever in the first position with the left brake circuit and the working cavity of the lock-up clutch, and a lock-up clutch cavity with a drain, and in the third - a power accumulator with a right brake circuit and with a working cavity of the lock-up clutch, with this end face cavity formed pusom distributor and one end of the spool is connected through a respective brake valve to the left brake circuit and Tortsov cavity formed by the body of the distributor and the second end. spool, connected via another brake valve to the right brake circuit. The drawing shows a diagram of the braking system of a wheeled vehicle. The brake system contains a source .-: pressure - pump 1, connected through a normally open reductive valve 2 and check valves E and 4 to the working accumulators mn 5 and b and brake HMviH taps 7 and 8, Pump 1 by means of the return valve 9 10 is connected to a high-pressure power accumulator, and through a normally closed reduction valve 11- to a drain. Brake cranes 7 and 8, controlled by pedals 12 and 13 and HNseHjEiHe are connected to a drain, connected respectively by control lines 14 and 15 to brake cylinders 16 to 1, respectively, left and right brake mechanisms 18 and 19 of the driving wheels 20 and 21 of the tractor, as well as pipelines 22 and 23 with end cavities 24 and 25 of the spool valve 26, made three-way. Highway 14 and brake cylinder 16 form the left brake circuit, and highway 15 and brake cylinder 17 are right brake circuit Drive wheels 20 and 21 kinema. Are interconnected by means of differential 27, lockable coupling 28 with working cavity 29. Spreader valve 26 held by in the neutral position, the springs 30 and 31 are connected via pipeline 32 to the energy storage toro 10 pressure, and to pipes 33,34 PI. 35, respectively, with left and right brake cylinders 16 and 17 and a working cavity .29 of the clutch 28 of the differential lock 27. The brake system works as follows. When the tractor engine is operating, the pump 1 pumps oil under pressure through a normally open reduction valve 2 and check valves 3 and 4 into the hydraulic accumulators 5 and 6. At the same time, the oil, pressing the check valve 9, enters the high-pressure energy storage battery. Reducing valves 2-11 keep a certain pressure E in the system, timely connect the pump 1 with a drain, and check valves 3,4 and 9 prevent the oil from coming out of the hydraulic accumulators 5 and 6 and the electric torus 10 to the drain. In the absence of impact pedals 12 and 13, brake valves 7 and 8 connect control lines 14 and 15 with a drain, therefore brake cylinders 16 and 17 are retracted. The spool of the distributor 26 is in a neutral state under the action of the springs 30 and 31. At the same time, the cavity 29 of the blocking 28 of the blocking of the differential potential 27 is connected by a pipeline 35 to the drain and the differential 27 is unlocked, and the driving wheels 20 and 21 can rotate in turns with different angular speeds. To make a sharp turn, which is necessary for the tractor during tillage and care for sowing, for example, to the right, the driver presses the right pedal 13. In this case, the brake valve 8 connects the control line 15 and pipeline 23 to the working accumulator 6. Oil under. pressure from the hydroaccumulator 6 comes through the pipeline 23 to the gel 25 of the distributor valve 26 and into the brake cylinder 17 by means of a braking mechanism 19 for braking the right drive wheel 21. The valve spool 26 is in a neutral position due to the left cavity 24 being disconnected by the brake valve 7 from the drain. Since the oil is almost incompressible, the spool of the distributor 26 cannot move to the left and the working cavity 29 of the coupling 28 is still connected by a pipeline 35 to the drain. Thus, differential 27 is unlocked and does not prevent the tractor from turning to the right. Similarly, the system works when braking the left wheel. When braking on the straight-line section of the path, the driver simultaneously presses both interlocked pedals 12 and 13. In this case, brake valves 7 and 8 simultaneously connect working hydraulic accumulators 5 and 6 through pipelines 22 and 23 and the control circuit 14 and 15 respectively. the cavities 24 and 25 of the distributor spool and the brake cylinders 16 and 17. As a result of the oil coming from the accumulators 5 and 6, the brake cylinders 16 and P act on the brake mechanisms 18 and 19, causing the left and right drive brakes to slow down wheels 20 and 21 tractor. Due to the fact that oil under pressure enters both cavities 24 and 25 of the control valve of the distributor 26, it is in the neutral position, i.e. the working cavity 29 is connected to the drain, and the differential 27 is still unlocked. In case of failure at the time of braking of one of the control lines, for example, rupture of highway 15 in the area from the brake valve 8 to the brake p, n, | Indra 17, the oil pressure in this line and in the pipe 23 connected to it drops. As a result, the spool of the distributor 26 moves to the right under the influence of the oil pressure difference in the cavities 24 and 25 and connects the pipe 32 to the pipe 33 and 35. Since the pipe 32, in turn, is connected to the energy accumulator 10, the oil under increased pressure enters the left brake cylinder 16 and the working cavity 29 of the interlock 2B. The differential 27 is blocked, whereby the braking torque from the acting brake mechanism 18 is transmitted evenly to the left and right drive wheels 20 and 21 of the tractor. As a result of the increased pressure of the oil generated by the energy accumulator 10 in the operational control line 14 at the time of failure of the other line 15, the braking moment of the mechanism 18 exceeds (for example, twice the maximum working braking moment which is equally distributed between the driving wheels 20 and 21. Similarly, It works in case of failure of any other control line in areas from check valves 3 and 4 to cavities 24 and -25 of the spool and brake cylinders iii, -and 17. Inventive Formula Brake wheel transport system means, containing a pressure source connected through a pressure reducing valve and separate brake valves with right and left brake circuits, each of which is connected to a spool distributor for controlling pressure supply to the working cavity of the axle blocking clutch, in order to increase braking efficiency in case of failure of one brake circuit; it is equipped with a pressurized energy accumulator connected to a pressure source; the spool valve is n three-position, gritsch in the spool there are channels for connecting in the first position the energy accumulator with the left brake circuit and with the working cavity of the lock-up clutch, in the second position - the working cavity of the lock-up clutch with drain, and in the third - with the energy accumulator with the right brake circuit and with the working cavity locking sleeves, while the end cavity formed by the distributor case and one end of the spool is connected through the corresponding brake valve to the left brake circuit, and the end cavity formed by the case The distributor and the second valve of the spool are connected via another brake valve to the right brake circuit. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. US patent number 3640360, cl. 192-4, 1972.

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