SU745504A1

SU745504A1 - Apparatus for investigating organism reaction to stimulation

Info

Publication number: SU745504A1
Application number: SU731934283A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Борис Захарович Грушевский; Роман Моисеевич Петрушанский; Николай Иванович Филякин
Original assignee: Опытно-Конструкторское Производство Института Физиологии Им. А.А.Богомольца Ан Ссср
Priority date: 1973-06-12
Filing date: 1973-06-12
Publication date: 1980-07-07

Description

Изобретение относится к медицинской технике, а именно к устройствам для. исследования реакции организма на раздражение, и может быть использовано для исследования индивидуальных особенностей $ реакции человека, в частности для определения профессиональной пригодности водителей автотранспорта, и для других исследований в области физиологии труда и спорта. 10The invention relates to medical equipment, and in particular to devices for. studies of the body's response to irritation, and can be used to study the individual characteristics of a person’s reaction, in particular to determine the professional suitability of motor vehicle drivers, and for other studies in the field of physiology of work and sport. 10

Известны рефлексометры, позволяющие получать объективную оценку реакции организма на раздражение путем сокращения времени предъявления образа при правильных ответах испытуемого или путем непосредственного измерения времени от начала предъявления раздражителя до ответа испытуемого [1] и £2].Reflectometers are known that make it possible to obtain an objective assessment of the body's response to irritation by reducing the time of presentation of the image with the correct answers of the subject or by directly measuring the time from the beginning of presentation of the stimulus to the response of the subject [1] and £ 2].

В этих устройствах время ответной реакции, определяющее подвижность нервных jq процессов, соответствует времени от начала предъявления раздражителя до отвеса испытуемого. При этом время, отвеченное для ответной реакции, определяет2 ся периодом предъявления раздражителей.In these devices, the response time, which determines the mobility of nervous jq processes, corresponds to the time from the beginning of presentation of the stimulus to the plumb of the subject. Moreover, the time taken for the response is determined by the period of presentation of the stimuli.

Однако по методике Хильченко определение подвижности нервных процессов Ьсновано на том, что длительное сосредоточение внимания физиологически выражается в сохранении концентрированного возбуждения в одних и тех же нервных клетках и после латентного (скрытого) периода условной двигательной реакции.However, according to Khilchenko’s method, the determination of the mobility of nervous processes is based on the fact that a prolonged concentration of attention is physiologically expressed in maintaining concentrated excitation in the same nerve cells even after a latent (latent) period of a conditioned motor reaction.

Недостатком известных устройств является то, что при работе с ними не учитывается эта особенность нервных клеток, при этом снижается объективность оценки реакции испытуемого на раздражители, Это происходит потому, что при увеличении частоты предъявления раздражителей соответственно уменьшается время, отведенное для считывания показаний ответной реакции, и счетчики ошибочно зафиксируют ответную реакцию как неправильно выполненную.A disadvantage of the known devices is that when working with them, this feature of nerve cells is not taken into account, while the objectivity of the test subject’s response to stimuli decreases, this is because with an increase in the frequency of presentation of stimuli, the time allotted for reading the response testimony decreases, and the counters erroneously record the response as improperly executed.

Известно также устройство для исследования реакции организма на раздражение, содержащее блок предъявления раз-A device is also known for studying the reaction of an organism to irritation, containing a block for presenting

745504 4 дражителеи, соединенный входами непосредственно и через программный блок с времязадающим блоком, пульт испытуемого, соединенный через анализатор ответов со счетчиком ошибок Pl· 5745504 4 followers connected by inputs directly and through a program unit to a time-setting unit, the test subject's panel connected via an answer analyzer to an error counter Pl · 5

Это устройство обеспечивает подачу .This device provides feed.

раздражителей, адресуемых как к Первой, так и к второй сигнальным системам.stimuli addressed to both the first and second signal systems.

Однако это устройство не обеспечивает повышения объективности определе- 10 ния подвижности нервных процессов человека в условиях дефицита времени для ответа испытуемого в физико—гигиенических исследованиях, а также не обеспечивает определения профессиональной пригод— 15 ности людей к овладению некоторыми профессиями, так как не способно зарегистрировать правильность ответов испытуемого при повышенной частоте предъявления раздражителей. 20However, this device does not provide an increase in the objectivity of determining the mobility of a person’s nervous processes under the conditions of a shortage of time for the subject’s response in physical and hygienic studies, and also does not provide a determination of the professional suitability of people for mastering certain professions, since they are not able to register the correctness test subject responses at increased frequency of presentation of stimuli. 20

Это устройство предназначено только для определения профессиональной пригодности лиц к обучению приему телеграфных сигналов на слух.This device is intended only to determine the professional suitability of individuals for learning to receive telegraph signals by ear.

Цель изобретения — повышение объек- 25 тивности. определения подвижности нервных процессов у испытуемого в физикогигиенических исследованиях в режиме дефицита времени и тем самым определение профессиональной пригодности людей 30 к овладению некоторыми профессиями.The purpose of the invention is to increase objectivity. determining the mobility of nervous processes in a subject in physical hygiene studies in a time-deficit mode and thereby determining the professional suitability of people 30 for mastering certain professions.

Цель достигается тем, что предлагаемое устройство содержит управляемый элемент задержки, включенный между времязадающим блоком и анализатором 35 ответов, который дополнительно содержит на входе запоминающие элементы, например триггеры.The goal is achieved by the fact that the proposed device contains a controlled delay element included between the timing unit and the analyzer 35 responses, which additionally contains input elements, for example triggers.

Кроме того, устройство содержит двухпозиционный переключатель, установлен- ₄₀ный на входе анализатора ответа и соединенный с выходами триггеров, подключенных к датчикам реакции пульта испытуемого. Импульс ответа испытуемого, поступающий на соответствующий триггер 45 запоминания, выдается либо в момент двигательной реакции, либо в момент окончания последней, расширяя функциональные возможности устройства при упрощении его в целом.Furthermore, the device comprises a two-position switch ₄₀ ustanovlen- ny inlet and response analyzer connected to the outputs of flip-flops connected to the sensors remote test reaction. The response impulse of the subject arriving at the corresponding trigger 45 of memorization is issued either at the moment of the motor reaction, or at the moment of the end of the latter, expanding the functionality of the device while simplifying it as a whole.

Устройство позволяет регистрировать правильность ответов испытуемого при максимальной частоте предъявления раздражителей, на которую испытуемый еще способен отвечать.The device allows you to register the correct answers of the test subject at the maximum frequency of presentation of stimuli, to which the test subject is still able to respond.

На фиг. 1 показана функциональная блок-схема устройства для исследования реакции организма на раздражение; на фиг. 2 — блок-схема анализатора с датчиками реакции импытуемого.In FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of a device for studying the body's response to irritation; in FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an analyzer with response sensors.

Устройство содержит времязадающий блок 1, соединенный с управляемым элементом 2 задержки. Времязадающий блок 1 подключен непосредственно и через программный блок 3 к блоку 4 предъявления раздражителей, который обращен к испытуемому 5. Программный блок 3 соединен с анализатором 6 ответов, к которому подсоединен пульт -7 испытуемого и который соединён со счетчиком 8 ошибок. Устройство содержит также секундомер 9, подключенный к времяэадающему блоку 1, анализатору 6 ответов и программному блоку 3, и счетчик 10 количества циклов, соединенный с программным блоком 3 и времязадающим блоком 1.The device comprises a timing unit 1 connected to a controlled delay element 2. The timing unit 1 is connected directly and through program unit 3 to the stimulus presentation unit 4, which is facing test subject 5. Program unit 3 is connected to the response analyzer 6, to which the test console-7 of the subject is connected and which is connected to the error counter 8. The device also contains a stopwatch 9 connected to a time-consuming unit 1, an analyzer 6 of responses and a program unit 3, and a counter 10 of the number of cycles connected to the program unit 3 and the time-setting unit 1.

Анализатор 6 ответов содержи*· на входе запоминающие элементы 11 и 12, выполненные в виде триггеров, один из входов которых подключен к управляемому· элементу 2 задержки, логический блок 13, к которому подключены элементы запоминания 14 и 15, выполненные в виде триггеров, элементы И 16 и 17, соединенные выходами с триггерами 14 и 15, а входами через линию 18 задержки с управляемым элементом 2 задержки и с программным блоком 3. Логический блок 13 подключен к счетчику 8 ошибок. На пульте 7 испытуемого находятся датчики 19 и 20 реакции, соединенные с входами триггеров 21 и 22, выходы которых подключены через двухпозиционный переключатель 23 и формирователи 24 и 25 с входами триггеров 11 и 12 и через элемент ИЛИ 26 с входом секундомера 9.The analyzer of 6 responses contains * · at the input, storage elements 11 and 12, made in the form of triggers, one of the inputs of which is connected to a controlled · delay element 2, a logical unit 13, to which memory elements 14 and 15 connected in the form of triggers are connected, elements And 16 and 17, connected by outputs with triggers 14 and 15, and by inputs through the delay line 18 with a controlled delay element 2 and with program unit 3. Logic unit 13 is connected to error counter 8. On the remote control 7 of the test subject there are reaction sensors 19 and 20 connected to the inputs of the triggers 21 and 22, the outputs of which are connected via the on-off switch 23 and the drivers 24 and 25 with the inputs of the triggers 11 and 12 and through the OR element 26 with the input of the stopwatch 9.

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

При включении времязадающего блока 1 начинается предъявление раздражителей испытуемому 5 с блока 4 с периодом предъявления, задаваемым экспериментатором. В анализатор 6 ответов приходят сигналы с программного блока 3, определяющие характер предъявляемого раздражителя, и сигналы ответа испытуемого с пульта 7 испытуемого. Сигнал считывания, поступающий с элемента 2 задержки в анализатор 6, задним фронтом подтверждает нулевое положение триггеров 11, 12, 14 и 15 (фиг. 2) и, пройдя через линию Д8 задержки и один из элементов И 16 (или 17) совпадения, в зависимое5 7455( ги от потенциалов, поступающих на входы элементов совпадения с программного блока 3, устанавливает триггеры 14 и 15 запоминания вида предъявляемого раздражителя в положение, соответствующее _$ программе, т. е. виду предъявляемого раздражителя. После этого сигнал с времязадающего блока 1 выключает предъявление раздражителя в блоке 4, а второй сигнал через время, равное про— ю межутку между предъявлениями раздражителей (например, 200 мсек), поступает в программный блок 3 и далее на смену раздражителя в блоке 4. Начинается но— . . вый цикл предъявления раздражителей. 15 При ответной реакции на раздражитель испытуемый 5 замыкает один из концевых датчиков 19 или 20, установленных в пульте 7 испытуемого и подключенных к выходам буферных элементов, например, 20 триггеров 21 и 22 (фиг. 2). При замыкании, например, датчика 20 меняются потенциалы на выходах буферного триггера -22, при возвращении датчика 20 в исходное положение буферный триггер 22 25 также приходит в исходное состояние. Вы ходы триггера 22 подключены через переключатель 23 к входу формирователя 25 ответов испытуемого, который в зависимости от положения переключателя 23 30 выдает импульс на триггер 12 либо в момент замыкания датчика, либо в момент возвращения его в исходное состояние, т. е. в начале двигательнЬй реакции, либо после ее окончания. При этом триг—/ 35 гер 12 изменяет свое положение, запоминая реакцию испытуемого.When the timing block 1 is turned on, the presentation of stimuli begins to test 5 from block 4 with the presentation period set by the experimenter. The signals from the program unit 3, which determine the nature of the presented stimulus, and the response signals of the test subject from the remote control 7 of the test subject, come to the analyzer 6 of responses. The read signal coming from the delay element 2 to the analyzer 6 confirms the zero position of the triggers 11, 12, 14 and 15 (Fig. 2) by a trailing edge and, passing through the delay line D8 and one of the coincidence elements 16 (or 17), dependent 5 7455 (gi from potentials supplied to the inputs of coincidence elements from program block 3, sets the triggers 14 and 15 of storing the type of presented stimulus to the position corresponding to the _$ program, that is, the type of presented stimulus. After that, the signal from the timing block 1 turns off the presentation tear carrier in block 4, and the second signal, after a time equal to the other interval between presentations of stimuli (for example, 200 ms), enters program block 3 and then to change the stimulus in block 4. A new cycle of presentation of stimuli begins. 15 In response to a stimulus, test 5 closes one of the end sensors 19 or 20 installed in the test console 7 and connected to the outputs of the buffer elements, for example, 20 triggers 21 and 22 (Fig. 2). When, for example, the sensor 20 is shorted, the potentials at the outputs of the buffer trigger -22 change; when the sensor 20 returns to its original position, the buffer trigger 22 25 also returns to its original state. The outputs of trigger 22 are connected through switch 23 to the input of test responder 25, which, depending on the position of switch 23 30, gives an impulse to trigger 12 either at the moment of closure of the sensor or at the moment of its return to its initial state, i.e., at the beginning of the motor reaction, or after its completion. In this case, trig- / 35 ger 12 changes its position, remembering the reaction of the subject.

Аналогично работает триггер 11 при замыкании датчика 19 и изменении потенциалов на выходах буферного триггера 40 21 и срабатывании формирователя 24. Потенциалы с выходов триггеров 11, 12, и 15 поступают на входы логического блока 13 анализатора, и сигнал считывания с управляемого элемента 2 задерж— 45 ки проходит через логический блок 13 анализатора на соответствующий выход, подключенный к счетчику 8 ошибок, фиксирующему правильные или ошибочные ответы испытуемого.Trigger 11 works similarly when the sensor 19 is closed and potentials change at the outputs of buffer trigger 40 21 and the shaper 24 is triggered. Potentials from the outputs of triggers 11, 12, and 15 go to the inputs of the analyzer logic unit 13, and the read signal from the controlled element 2 delays 45 the ki passes through the logic unit 13 of the analyzer to the corresponding output connected to the counter 8 errors, fixing the correct or erroneous answers of the subject.

При необходимости непосредственного измерения времени определенного вида двигательной реакции экспериментатор включает электронный секундомер 9, сигнал на выключение которого поступает с выхода формирователя 24 или 25 через элемент ИЛИ 26. Секундомер 9 отсчитывает количество тактовых импульсов, по— )4 6 ступающих с времязадающего блока 1 с момента появления заданного вида раздражителя в блоке 4 и появления сигнала с программного блока 3. Счет импульсов продолжается до появления сигнала ответной реакции испытуемого. Для индикации количества раздражителей к программному блоку 3 подключен счетчик 10 количества циклов, связанный с времязадаю— щим блоком 1, который выключается после отработки заданного числа циклов, например , от 1 до 10 серии раздражителей.If it is necessary to directly measure the time of a certain type of motor reaction, the experimenter turns on an electronic stopwatch 9, the shutdown signal of which comes from the output of the shaper 24 or 25 through the OR element 26. Stopwatch 9 counts the number of clock pulses that are——) 4 6 coming from the timing unit 1 from the moment the appearance of a given type of stimulus in block 4 and the appearance of a signal from program block 3. The counting of pulses continues until the appearance of a test response signal. To indicate the number of stimuli, a counter 10 of the number of cycles connected to the time-setting block 1 is connected to the program unit 3, which turns off after working out a given number of cycles, for example, from 1 to 10 series of stimuli.

Раздражители, вид. которых задаётся экспериментатором, предъявляются испытуемому 5 с периодом предъявления, например, от 250 до 4000 мсек. В блоке 4 предъявления раздражителей имеются различные, световые раздражители, адресованные к первой или к второй сигнальной системе, и звуковые раздражители.Irritants, view. which are set by the experimenter, are presented to test subject 5 with a presentation period, for example, from 250 to 4000 ms. In block 4 of the presentation of stimuli there are various, light stimuli addressed to the first or second signal system, and sound stimuli.

Claims

The invention relates to medical technology, namely to devices for. studies of the body's response to irritation, and can be used for research individually to the peculiarities of a person's reaction, in particular, for determining the professional suitability of motor vehicle drivers, and for other studies in the field of the physiology of work and sports. Re (} shexometers are known that allow an objective assessment of the response of an orgus to an irritation by reducing the time of image presentation with the test person's correct answers or by directly measuring the time from the start of the presentation of the stimulus to the response of the test person l and f2. In these devices the response time determining the mobility of the nervous processes corresponds to the time from the beginning of the presentation of the stimulus to the response of the subject. At the same time, the time allotted for the response determines with the period before By the method of Hilchenko, the determination of the mobility of nervous processes is based on the fact that long-term concentration of attention is physiologically expressed in maintaining concentrated excitation in the same nerve cells after a latent (latent) period of conditioned motor reaction. A disadvantage of known devices is that that, when working with them, this feature of the nerve cells is not taken into account, and the objectivity of the test person’s response to stimuli is reduced. If the frequency of presentation of stimuli is increased, the time allotted for reading the response is correspondingly reduced, and the counters mistakenly record the response as incorrectly performed. It is also known a device for studying the body's response to irritation, which contains a block for presenting an irritant connected by inputs directly and through a program block to the time of the master block, the control panel of the examinee connected via an analyzer of answers with an RZ error counter. This device delivers stimuli addressed to both the first and second signal systems. However, this device does not provide an increase in the objectivity of determining the mobility of human nervous processes in conditions of time deficiency for the subject's response in physical and hygienic studies, and also does not provide a determination of people's professional competence to master some of the professions, since they are not able to register correctness the responses of the subject with an increased frequency of presentation of stimuli. This device is intended only to determine the professional suitability of individuals to learn how to listen to telegraphic signals by ear. The purpose of the invention is to increase objectivity. determining the mobility of nerve processes in a subject in physical and hygienic studies in the mode of time deficiency and thereby determining the professional suitability of people to master some professions. The goal is achieved by the fact that the proposed device contains a controllable delay element connected between the time of the master unit and the response analyzer, which additionally contains storage elements, such as triggers, at the input. In addition, the device contains a two-position switch installed at the input of the response analyzer and connected to the outputs of the flip-flops connected to the reaction sensors of the test panel. The impulse of the test response, which arrives at the corresponding memory trigger, is emitted either at the time of the motor reaction or at the moment of the last eye, expanding the functionality of the device while simplifying it in a chain. The device allows one to record the correctness of the test person's answers at the maximum frequency of presentation of stimuli, to which the subject is still able to respond. FIG. 1 shows a functional block-hama device for examining an organism's response to irritation; in fig. 2 is a block diagram of an analyzer with sensors of the reaction to be tested. The device contains a time master unit 1 connected to a controlled delay element 2. The time master unit 1 is connected directly and through the program block 3 to block 4; presentation of stimuli, which is addressed to the subject 5. Program unit 3 is connected to the analyzer 6 answers, to which the panel -7 of the subject is connected and which is connected With the counter 8 errors. The device also contains a stopwatch 9, connected to time by master unit 1, analyzer b answers and program block 3, and counter 10 of the number of cycles connected to program block 3 and time by master block 1. Responder analyzer 6 contains the input elements 11 and 12 at the input, made as triggers, one of the inputs of which is connected to a controllable delay element 2, logic unit 13, to which memory elements 14 and 15 are connected, executed as triggers, AND elements 16 and 17 connected by outputs with triggers 14 and 15, and the entrance and through line 18 to controllable delay element 2 delays and a programming unit 3. The logic unit 13 is connected to the counter 8 errors. On the test unit 7, the reaction sensors 19 and 20 are connected to the inputs of the flip-flops 21 and 22, the outputs of which are connected via the two-position switch 23 and the drivers 24 and 25 to the inputs of the triggers 11 and 12 and the OR 26 element with the stopwatch input 9. The device works in the following way . When turned on, the time of master block 1 starts the presentation of irritations to the subject 5 from block 4 with the period of presentation set by the experimenter. In the analyzer 6 answers, the signals from program block 3, which determine the character of the stimulus presented, and the response signals of the subject from the ult 7 of the subject, are received. The read signal coming from delay element 2, analyzer 6, with a falling edge confirms the zero position of the flip-flops 11, 12, 14 and 15 (Fig. 2) and, having passed through the delay pL 8 and one of the elements 16 (or 17) coincidence, from the potentials arriving at the codes of elements coinciding with program block 3, sets the triggers 14 and 15 of storing the type of stimulus presented to the position corresponding to the program, i.e. the type of stimulus presented. After that, the signal with the time of master block 1 turns off the stimulus presentation in block 4, and the second signal, after a time equal to the interval between stimulus presentations (for example, 200 ms), enters program block 3 and then the stimulus switch in block 4 A new cycle of presentation of stimuli begins. In response to the stimulus, the subject 5 closes one of the end and output sensors 19 or 20 installed in the panel 7 of the subject and connected to the outputs of the buffer elements, such as flip-flops 21 and 22 (Fig. 2). When, for example, sensor 20 is closed, the potentials at the outputs of the buffer trigger change, and when the sensor 20 returns to its original position, the buffer trigger 22 also returns to its original state. You move the trigger 22 through a switch 23 to the input of the imaging unit 25 of the subject's testimony, which, depending on the position of the switch 23, sends a pulse to the trigger 12 either at the time of sensor closure, or at the moment of its return to the initial state. motor reaction, or after its termination. In this case, the trigger 12 changes its position, remember the reaction of the subject. Trigger 11 works similarly when the sensor 19 is closed and the potentials at the outputs of the buffer trigger 21 and the driver 24 are triggered. The potentials from the outputs of the triggers 11, 12 14 and 15 are fed to the inputs of the analyzer logic unit 13, and the read signal from the controlled delay element 2 It passes through the logic block 13 of the analyzer to the corresponding output connected to the counter of 8 errors, which fixes the correct or valid answers of the subject. If it is necessary to directly measure the time of a certain type of motor reaction, the experimenter switches on an electronic stopwatch 9, the shutdown signal of which comes from the output of the former 24 or 25 through the OR element 26. The stopwatch 9 counts the number of clock pulses coming from the time of the master unit 1 s the time of the occurrence of a given type of stimulus in block 4 and the appearance of the signal of program block 3. The pulse counting continues until the appearance of the response signal of the subject. To indicate the number of stimuli, the program unit 3 is connected to the cycle number counter 1O, associated with the time by the master unit 1, which is turned off after a specified number of cycles, for example, from 1 to 10 series of stimuli. Irritations, the type of which is set by the experimenter, are presented to test subject 5 with a period of presentation, for example, from 250 to 4000 msec. In the block for presentation of stimuli, there are various, light stimuli addressed to the first or second signal system, and sound stimuli. The formula is shown in Fig. 1. A device for studying the body's response to stimulation, containing a block of predictors of stimuli, connected by inputs directly and through a program block with time to a master block, the control panel of the examinee, connected via an analyzer of answers to an error counter, different that, in order to increase the objectivity of determining the mobility of the nervous processes in a test subject in the time deficit mode, it contains a controllable delay element included between the time of the master unit and the analyzer from vetov, which additionally contains input elements, such as triggers. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to simplify the device while expanding its functionality, it contains a two-position switch installed at the input of the response analyzer and connected to the outputs of the triggers connected to the test console’s response sensors. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The author's certificate of the USSR N9 215255, cl. A 61 B 5/18, 1966.

2. USSR author's certificate N9 364018, cl. G-09 B 7 / OO, 1971.

3. USSR author's certificate number 219746, cl. A 61 B 5/16, 1968 (prototype).