RU2236177C2 - Method for investigating symbolic data perception time - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; psychology.

SUBSTANCE: method involves showing a testing stimulus and a masking stimulus and determining testing stimulus perception time by increasing exposure time interval length. After having determined the testing stimulus perception time, first testing stimulus and then a masking stimulus of the same duration are shown in succession, the latter one being delayed in showing it, to the moment the right testing stimulus perception is achieved. Final masking stimulus delay with respect to the testing stimulus is determined as testing stimulus perception time.

EFFECT: high accuracy of measurements with perception and reception times being differentiated.

Description

The invention relates to the field of medicine and psychology. In medicine, it can be used in ophthalmology for the diagnosis of retinal diseases and in neurology for the diagnosis of vascular and focal brain lesions. In psychology, the invention can be used as a test in the study of the psychophysiological state of the brain, to assess attention, lability, degree of interhemispheric asymmetry, etc.

The presentation of symbolic (numbers, letters, words, etc.) and subject images for a short time as a diagnostic test has a long history (5). Evaluation is usually subject to either the minimum time sufficient to recognize the image of individual letters, numbers, objects or sets of them, or the number of errors (or the number of correct answers) is determined from the total number of answers with a certain constant time of presentation. However, in 1956, Sziklai (6) questioned the correctness of determining the time during which the subject perceives the image in ordinary tachistoscopic examinations. He emphasized the need for such a technique that prevents the "retention" of the image on the retina, and therefore allows you to measure the true speed of perception. The true time of identification, in his opinion, is many times greater than the time required for image recognition under ordinary conditions, i.e. when using a white screen.

After this publication, Sziklai (6) began to widely use the erasing stimulus, which follows some time interval after the test image. This technique of using the on-duty eraser image was quite well developed in the laboratory of physiology of the visual analyzer (2, 3). A common drawback of all the above methods of studying the visual system is that they all determine the speed of visual reception of information, i.e. the number of individual images for a certain time interval, and do not set the goal of determining the time of perception of one, the most simple image.

For the prototype of the invention, a well-known method for studying the time of perception of symbolic information (1) was chosen when the tachistoscopic principle of signaling (letters, words, numbers, images, photographs of faces, etc.) is used. The method consists in the fact that two time parameters are determined - the recognition threshold and the recognition speed. The identification threshold is determined starting from the minimum exposure of the stimulus, increasing it until the subject has recognized the stimulus. The time interval from the beginning of the exposure of the test stimulus to the inclusion of the masking stimulus, when the latter no longer interferes with the recognition of characters, is taken as the speed of recognition of the stimulus. According to BCEfremov (4), the recognition thresholds when presenting letters range from 3.25 ± 0.43 ms to 7.92 ± 1.1 ms for the right and left fields, and the recognition speed is from 101.44 ± 6, 52 ms to 124.45 ± 8.31 ms.

However, this method does not provide for a time lag of the masking stimulus from the first, testing stimulus that needs to be recognized. Firstly, this significantly narrows the possibilities of the prototype, and secondly, it does not allow one to distinguish the reception time and perception time from the total time of the process of perceiving symbolic information.

The objective of the invention is to increase the accuracy of the study of the time of perception of symbolic information based on the tachistoscopic principle of the color signals.

The problem is solved in that in the known method of studying the time of perception of symbolic information, including the presentation of the test and masking stimuli and determining the time of reception of the test stimulus by increasing the duration of its exposure, in accordance with the invention, after determining the time of reception of the testing stimulus, the test is presented sequentially first, then the same the duration of the masking stimulus, which is postponed by the time of presentation until it is correctly perceived The test stimulus and the final time delay of the masking stimulus from the test stimulus are determined as the time of perception of the test stimulus.

The sources of scientific, technical and patent information did not reveal information about the method of studying the time of perception of symbolic information in the manner described above. Based on this, the authors believe that the proposed technical solution meets the criteria of patentability “novelty” and “inventive step”.

The study is carried out using a tachistoscopic device, which includes an electronic two-channel generator of rectangular electric pulses, two digital indicators with a set of single digits from 0 to 9. Any number from 0 to 9 is displayed as the first stimulus on the indicators. The “erasing” stimulus always appears figure 8. The device allows you to enter a time delay of 10 μs to 1000 ms between the exposure of two digits, as well as change it in increments of 10 μs. This allows you to determine the so-called perception time of the leading digit.

To determine the time of perception of the first (testing) pair of numbers, the time of its exposure is first selected, for this, the time of glow of the number is increased until the subjects correctly recognize it (i.e., determine the time of reception). Then on the indicator two digits light up sequentially: first the testing digit, then the “eight” erasing the same duration. Then, the erasing stimulus begins to be delayed by the time of presentation until the moment of the correct perception of the first digit. The final value of the time delay of the masking stimulus from the first determines the perception time of the first digit.

The determination of the time required for the perception of any digit from 1 to 9 is carried out with binocular and monocular perceptions.

An example of studying the time of perception of symbolic information.

Students from 19 to 25 years old were tested in the amount of 50 people. It is determined that the perception of any digit from 0 to 9 requires at least 40 ms.

Sources of information

1. Bragin NN, Dobrokhotova T.A. Functional asymmetries of a person. 2nd ed., Revised. and add. M .: Medicine, 1988, p. 215-216.

2. Glaser VD Mechanisms of recognition of visual images. L .: Nauka, 1966, 204 p.

3. Glaser V.D., Zuckerman I.I. Information and vision. L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1961, 183 p.

4. Efremov B.C. Functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres during visual perception in patients with schizophrenia with productive and negative symptoms // Neuropathology and Psychiatry. 1986, No. 7, pp. 97-102.

5. Kok EP Visual agnosia. L .: Medicine, 1967, p. 17-18.

6. Sziklai G.C. IRE Nransactions on information theory, 1956, IT-2, 3, 125-128.

Claims (1)

A method for studying the time of perception of symbolic information, which includes presenting test and masking stimuli and determining the time of reception of the test stimulus by increasing the duration of its exposure, characterized in that after determining the time of reception of the testing stimulus, a test stimulus is presented first, then of the same duration, which masking stimulus postpone the time of presentation until the correct perception of the test stimulus and the final value of time the lag of the masking stimulus from the test is defined as the time of perception of the test stimulus.