SU742738A1

SU742738A1 - Device for dynamic loading of object

Info

Publication number: SU742738A1
Application number: SU772548098A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Виктор Петрович Турчин; Алексей Николаевич Коняев; Александр Леонидович Голубенко
Original assignee: Ворошиловградский машиностроительный институт
Priority date: 1977-11-25
Filing date: 1977-11-25
Publication date: 1980-06-25

Description

Изобретение относится к испытательной техникеj в частности к средствам для динамических испытаний объектов, а именно к устройствам для динамического нагружения объекта путем внезапного сброса приложенной к объекту статичес-⁵кой нагрузки.The invention relates to a test tehnikej in particular to means for dynamic testing of objects, namely to devices for dynamic loading of the object by the sudden release of static applied to the object ⁵ Coy load.

Известно устройство для динамического нагружения объекта, содержащее силовой привод для создания статической нагрузки и установленное между ним и нагружаемым объектом приспособление для передачи и сброса нагрузки. Последнее выполнено в виде стержня, разрушаемого специальным механизмомA device is known for dynamically loading an object, comprising a power drive for creating a static load and a device for transmitting and dumping the load installed between it and the loaded object. The latter is made in the form of a rod, destroyed by a special mechanism

Устройство сложно в эксплуатации, поскольку после каждого испытания необходимо заменять разрушенный стержень.The device is difficult to operate, because after each test it is necessary to replace the damaged rod.

Ближайшим к изобретению по технической сущности и достигаемому эффекту является устройство для динамического нагружения объекта, содержащее силовой привод с подвижным органом для создания статической нагрузки и устанавливаемый между ним и нагружаемым объектом механизм передачи и сброса нагрузки, включающий ролики, уложенные не менее, чем в два слоя, и приспособление для удержания роликов при статическом нагружении [2].The closest to the invention in technical essence and the achieved effect is a device for dynamic loading of an object, containing a power drive with a movable body to create a static load and a transmission and load shedding mechanism installed between it and the loaded object, including rollers laid in at least two layers , and a device for holding the rollers under static loading [2].

Ролики, уложенные в виде призмы на подвижном органе силового привода, удерживаются в этом положении приспособлением в виде стакана с параллельными линии действия силового привода стенками и передают нагрузку объекту до тех пор, пока при заданном перемещении объекта стакан, перемещавшийся до этого вместе с подвижным органом, не будет остановлен неподвижными упорами. После этого подвижный орган выведет ролики из контакта со стенками стакана, и они раскатятся, расположившись в один слой и прорвав действие' нагрузки на объект.The rollers placed in the form of a prism on the movable body of the power drive are held in this position by a device in the form of a glass with walls parallel to the line of action of the power drive and transfer the load to the object until, for a given movement of the object, the glass that previously moved together with the moving body, will not be stopped by fixed stops. After this, the movable body will remove the rollers from contact with the walls of the glass, and they will roll out, settling in one layer and breaking through the action of the load on the object.

Таким образом, сброс нагрузки происходит при заданном перемещении натру742738 жаемого объекта, а возможность сброса ее в заданный момент времени, например при достижении определенного значения нагрузки, отсутствует. Кроме того, устройство сложно в эксплуатации, так как после испытания необходимо вручную выложить ролики в исходное положение.Thus, load shedding occurs at a given displacement of a stressed object, and the possibility of shedding it at a given point in time, for example, when a certain load value is reached, is absent. In addition, the device is difficult to operate, since after testing it is necessary to manually lay out the rollers in their original position.

Целью изобретения является повышение точности задания нагрузки путем сброса нагрузки в заданный момент времени и упрощение эксплуатации.The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the job load by dumping the load at a given point in time and simplify operation.

Для этого приспособление для передачи и сброса нагрузки выполнено в виде закрепленного на подвижном органе силового привода основания, установленного на основании с возможностью перемещения перпендикулярно к направлению перемещения подвижного органа силового привода полого ползуна, жестко· связанного с основанием упора, установленного в полости ползуна, фиксатора исходного положения ползуна и привода для возврата· ползуна в исходное положение, а ролики размещены в полости ползуна.To this end, the device for transferring and discharging the load is made in the form of a base drive mounted on a movable body, mounted on the base with the ability to move perpendicular to the direction of movement of the moving body of the hollow slider power drive, rigidly connected with the base of the stop installed in the cavity of the slider, the initial lock the position of the slider and the drive to return · the slider to its original position, and the rollers are placed in the cavity of the slider.

Фиксатор исходного положения ползуна может быть выполнен ввиде рейки с пазом, установленной на основании с возможностью перемещения перпендикулярно к направлению перемещения ползуна, привода перемещения рейки и пружины для возврата рейки в исходное положение , а ползун выполнен с выступом для взаимодействия с рейкой и захода ее в паз.The lock of the initial position of the slider can be made in the form of a rail with a groove mounted on the base with the ability to move perpendicularly to the direction of movement of the slider, the drive of moving the rail and spring to return the rail to its original position, and the slider is made with a protrusion for interaction with the rail and its entry into the groove .

На фиг. 1 изображено предлагаемое устройство, продольный разрез; на фиг. 2 разрез А-А на фиг. 1.In FIG. 1 shows the proposed device, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2, section AA in FIG. 1.

Устройство содержит силовой привод (на чертежах не показан) с подвижным органом 1, на котором жестко закреплено основание 2. На основании 2 установлен с возможностью перемещения перпендикулярно к направлению перемещения подвижного органа 1 полый ползун 3 и жестко закреплен упор 4, установленный в полости ползуна. На основании 2 с возможностью перемещения в направлении, перпендикулярном к направлению перемещения ползуна 3 установлена также рейка 5 с пазом 6. Имеется привод 7 перемещения рейки 5 и пружина 8 для возврата ее в исходное положение.The device comprises a power drive (not shown in the drawings) with a movable body 1, on which the base 2 is rigidly fixed. On the base 2, a hollow slider 3 is mounted with a possibility of movement perpendicular to the direction of movement of the movable organ 1 and a stop 4 fixed in the cavity of the slider is rigidly fixed. On the base 2 with the possibility of movement in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the slider 3 is also installed rail 5 with a groove 6. There is a drive 7 for moving the rail 5 and a spring 8 to return it to its original position.

Для облегчения перемещения рейки 5 на основании 2 установлены подшипники 9. Рейка 5, привод 7 и пружина 8 образуют фиксатор исходного положения ползуна. Последний выполнен с выступом 10 и укрепленным на нем подшипником 11.To facilitate the movement of the rail 5, bearings 9 are mounted on the base 2. The rail 5, the actuator 7 and the spring 8 form a clamp for the initial position of the slide. The latter is made with a protrusion 10 and a bearing 11 mounted on it.

Для возврата ползуна 3 в исходное положение на основании 2 установлен привод 12. В полости ползуна 3 размещены в несколько слоев ролики 13. Для передачи статической нагрузки от подвижного органа 1 через основание 2 и ролики 13 нагружаемому объекту (на чертежах не показан) используется шток 14.To return the slider 3 to the initial position on the base 2, the drive 12 is installed. In the cavity of the slider 3, the rollers 13 are placed in several layers. To transfer the static load from the movable body 1 through the base 2 and the rollers 13 to the loaded object (not shown), the rod 14 is used .

Основание 2, ползун 3, упор 4, фиксатор исходного положения ползуна 3 образуют приспособление для удержания роликов 13 при статическом нагружении, а в сочетании с роликами 13 это приспособление образует механизм передачи и сброса нагрузки.The base 2, the slider 3, the emphasis 4, the clamp of the initial position of the slider 3 form a device for holding the rollers 13 under static loading, and in combination with the rollers 13 this device forms a transmission and load shedding mechanism.

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

Ролики 13 оказывают давление на упор 4 и ползун 3 под действием горизонтальной составляющей нагрузки, которая возникает из-за отклонений формы роликов 13 от идеального кругового цилиндра. Подшипник 11 упирается в рейку 5 и удерживает ползун 3, который прижимает ролики 13 к упору 4, причем нагрузка от подвижного органа 1 передается через основание 2 на ролики 13, шток 14 и нагружаемый объект (на чертежах не показан).The rollers 13 exert pressure on the stop 4 and the slider 3 under the action of the horizontal component of the load, which occurs due to deviations of the shape of the rollers 13 from an ideal circular cylinder. The bearing 11 abuts against the rail 5 and holds the slider 3, which presses the rollers 13 against the stop 4, and the load from the movable body 1 is transmitted through the base 2 to the rollers 13, the rod 14 and the loaded object (not shown in the drawings).

В заданный момент времени (по достижении определенного значения нагрузки, перемещения подвижного органа 1 и т.п.), включается привод 7, который перемещает рейку 5 в такое положение, когда выступ 10 ползуна 3 оказывается напротив пазаAt a given point in time (after reaching a certain load value, moving the movable body 1, etc.), the drive 7 is turned on, which moves the rail 5 to the position where the protrusion 10 of the slide 3 is opposite the groove

6.6.

Ползун 3 получает возможность перемещения и входит своим выступом 10 с подшипником 11 в паз 6 рейки 5. При этом ролики 13 также получают свободу и практически мгновенно раскатываются, стремясь расположиться в один слой. При. этом статическая нагрузка мгновенно сбрасывается и объект подвергается динамическому нагружению.The slider 3 gets the ability to move and enters with its protrusion 10 with the bearing 11 into the groove 6 of the rail 5. In this case, the rollers 13 also get freedom and roll out almost instantly, trying to settle in one layer. At. In this case, the static load is instantly dropped and the object is subjected to dynamic loading.

Для приведения устройства в исходное положение включается привод 12, который перемещает ползун 3, прижимая ролики 13 к упору 4 и заставляя их расположиться в несколько слоев. При этом подшипник 11 выходит из паза 6 и рейка 5 под действием пружины 8 возвращается в исходное положение, фиксируя в исходном положении и ползун 3.To bring the device to its original position, the drive 12 is turned on, which moves the slider 3, pressing the rollers 13 against the stop 4 and forcing them to be arranged in several layers. When this bearing 11 leaves the groove 6 and the rail 5 under the action of the spring 8 returns to its original position, fixing in the initial position and the slider 3.

Таким образом, процесс подготовки к очередному циклу испытаний происходит автоматически, что упрощает экс742738 плуатацию устройства. Возможность сброса нагрузки в любой необходимый по условиям испытаний момент времени позволяет расширить область применения устройства и повысить качество испы- 5 таний.Thus, the process of preparing for the next test cycle occurs automatically, which simplifies the operation of the device. The possibility of load shedding at any time required by the test conditions allows us to expand the scope of the device and improve the quality of tests.

Claims

The invention relates to a test technique; in particular, to means for dynamic testing of objects, namely, devices for dynamic loading of an object by a sudden drop of static N 1LOBGES applied to an object. A device for dynamic loading of an object is known, which contains a live drive for creating a static load and a device for transmitting and relieving the load that is installed between it and the object being loaded. The latter is made in the form of a rod, which is destroyed by a special mechanism Fll. The device is difficult to operate, since after each test it is necessary to replace the broken rod. Closer to the invention in its technical essence and the achieved effect is a device for dynamically loading an object, containing a power drive with a moving member for a static load, and a transfer and load relief mechanism installed between it and the loaded object, including rollers laid no less than two layers, and a device for holding the rollers to static loading 2. The rollers, laid down in the form of an antism on the moving body of the power drive, are held in this position by a device in the form of st A tank with parallel lines of force actuator walls and transfers the load to the object until, at a given displacement of the object, the cup, which had moved together with the movable member, would not be stopped by fixed stops. After that, the movable body will bring the rollers out of contact with the walls of the glass, and they roll out, settling in one layer and breaking the effect of the load on the object. Thus, the load is reset at a given displacement of the loaded object, and there is no possibility of resetting e at a given point in time, for example, when a certain load value is reached. In addition, the device is difficult to operate, since after testing it is necessary to manually lay out the rollers to their original position. The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the load setting by resetting the load at a given point in time to simplify operation. For this purpose, the device for transferring and loading the load is designed as a base mounted on a movable body of a power drive perpendicular to the moving direction of the movable the organ of the siloves when the water has a hollow slider, rigidly connected with the base of the stop mounted in the cavity of the slider, the fixer of the initial position of the slider and Drive to return to the original position, and the rollers are placed in the cavity of the slide. The locking device of the initial position of the slider can be made in the form of a slat with a groove installed on the base with the possibility of moving perpendicular to the direction of movement of the slider, the drive of moving the slider and spring to return the slat to its original position, and the slider is made with a ledge for interacting with the slat and setting it into the groove. Fig, 1 shows the proposed device, a longitudinal section; Fig. 2, section A-A in Fig. 1, The device comprises a power drive (not shown) with a movable body 1 on which the base 2 is rigidly fixed. On the base 2 it is mounted with the possibility of moving perpendicularly to the direction of movement of the movable body 1 hollow slider 3 and stop 4 rigidly fixed, mounted in the slider cavity. On the base 2, the rail 5 with the groove 6 is also installed in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the papzun 3. There is a drive 7 of the movement of the rail 5 and a spring 8 to return it to its original position. To facilitate the movement of the rail 5 on the base 2, the pins are mounted 9. The rail 5, the actuator 7 and the spring 8 form a locking device for the initial position of the slide. The latter is made with a length of 10 n subtitle 11, 8 fixed on it. To return the slide 3 to its original position, on the base 2, an actuator 12 is installed. In the cavity of the slide 3, the rollers 13 are placed in several layers. For transmitting the static load from the moving member 1 through the base 2 and the rollers 13 to the loadable object (not shown in the drawings) a rod 14, a base 2, a slider 3, an emphasis 4, a clamp of the initial position of the slider 3 are used to form a device for holding the rollers 13 under static loading, and in combination with the rollers 13 it is ix forming mechanism over- cottages and reset load device operates as follows. The rollers 13 put pressure on the anvil 4 and the slider 3 under the action of the horizontal component of the load, which arises due to deviations of the shape of the rollers 13 from the ideal circular cylinder. Podschnik 11 abuts against the rail 5 and holds the slider 3, which presses the rollers 13 against the stop 4, the load from the movable organ 1 is transmitted through the base 2 to the rollers 13, the rod 14 and the loadable object {not shown in the drawings), at a given point in time (upon reaching a certain value of the load, moving the movable member 1 and m, n,) drive 7 is turned on which moves the rail 5 to a position where the protrusion 10 of the slider 3 is opposite the groove 6, the slider 3 is able to move and enters its protrusion 10 with the bearing 11 into the groove 6 of the rail 5, while the rollers 13 also receive freedom and almost instantly roll out Subscribe in a single layer. At. This static load is instantly reset and the object is subjected to a di-. Namic loading. To bring the device back to its initial position, the actuator 12 is turned on, which moves the slider 3, pressing the rollers 13 against the stop 4 and causing them to be arranged in several layers. In this case, the bearing 11 exits the groove 6 and the rail 5 under the action of the spring 8 returns to the initial position, fixing the initial position and the slider 3. Thus, the preparation process for the next test cycle proceeds automatically, which simplifies the operation of the device. The possibility of sapping the load at any time point required by the test conditions will expand the field of application of the device and improve the quality of the tests. The formula is shown in Fig. 1. A device for dynamically loading an object, containing a power drive with a moving member to create a static load, and a transfer and load-relief mechanism installed between it and the loaded volume, including rollers laid in at least two layers , and a device for holding the rollers under static load, which is so that, in order to increase the accuracy of the load and simplify operation, the mechanism of transfer and discharge of the load is made in the form of the power drive of the base mounted on the base can be moved 8 perpendicularly to the direction of movement of the moving member of the power drive of the hollow slide, rigidly connected to the base of the stop mounted in the cavity of the slide, the lock of the initial position of the slide, and the drive for returning the slide to its initial position, and the rollers are placed in the cavity of the ram. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that. the locking device of the initial position of the slider will pop1 in the form of a slat with a groove installed on the base with the possibility of first perpendicular to the direction of movement of the slider, hfnvodnogo movement of the slats and springs for returning the slats to their original position, groove. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1.Avtsfskoe certificate of the USSR 182424, cl. G 01 R 21 / OO. 1965.

2. Authors certificate of the USSR 551529, cl. G O1 M 7 / OO. 1974 prototype).