SU739585A1

SU739585A1 - Device for displaying vectors on the screen of crt

Info

Publication number: SU739585A1
Application number: SU772533235A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Василий Васильевич Кощеев; Владимир Васильевич Сумин; Владимир Георгиевич Хинтибидзе
Original assignee: Кировский Политехнический Институт
Priority date: 1977-10-10
Filing date: 1977-10-10
Publication date: 1980-06-05

Description

Изобретение относится к области автоматики и вычислительной техники и может быть использовано в устройствах для отображения графической информации телевизионного типа.The invention relates to the field of automation and computer technology and can be used in devices for displaying graphic information of a television type.

- Известно устройство для отображения векторов на экране ЭЛТ [1], содержащее генератор импульсов и счетчики. *- A device for displaying vectors on a CRT screen [1], containing a pulse generator and counters. *

Однако такое устройство сложно и недостаточно надежно.However, such a device is complex and not reliable enough.

Наиболее близким по технической сущности к изобретению является устройство для отображения векторов на экране ЭЛТ (2], содержащее генератор импульсов, вход которого соединен со счетным входом первого счетчика и является входом устройства, выход генератора импульсов подключен к счетному входу второго счетчика.The closest in technical essence to the invention is a device for displaying vectors on a CRT screen (2], containing a pulse generator, the input of which is connected to the counting input of the first counter and is the input of the device, the output of the pulse generator is connected to the counting input of the second counter.

Известное устройство вместо пускового и стопового регистра содержит счетчики по осям X и У, производящие счет элементов разложения растра по вертикали и горизонтали, и схему сравнения, определяющую по суммарному сигналу счетчиков и коду вектора адрес точки засвета на строке, что повышает качество отображения. Однако направление и угол накло2 на формируемых векторов зависят от состояния счетчиков, направления их счета и степени дискретизации по осям X и У, а сдвиг изображения по 5 вертикали осуществляет управляемьй» элемент задержки. Все это усложняет устройство, затрудняя отображение векторов в произвольном месте экрана. Кроме того, ошибка в данном уст1® ройстве зависит от длины формируемого вектора. Снизить эту ошибку нельзя, так как единственный способ ее уменьшения - это увеличение степени горизонтальной дискретизации растра, 15 что неэкономично, кроме того, невозможно увеличить тактовую частоту генератора импульсов выше, чем частота разрешающей способности телевизионного растра.The known device instead of the start and stop register contains counters along the X and Y axes, counting the raster decomposition elements vertically and horizontally, and a comparison circuit that determines the address of the light point on the line by the total signal of the counters and the vector code, which improves the quality of the display. However, the direction and angle of inclination2 of the generated vectors depend on the state of the counters, their direction of counting, and the degree of discretization along the X and Y axes, and the image is shifted along the 5th vertical axis by a controllable ”delay element. All this complicates the device, making it difficult to display vectors in any place on the screen. In addition, the error in this device depends on the length of the generated vector. This error cannot be reduced, since the only way to reduce it is to increase the degree of horizontal sampling of the raster, 15 which is uneconomical, in addition, it is impossible to increase the clock frequency of the pulse generator higher than the frequency of the resolution of the television raster.

Целью изобретения является повышение точности отображения векторов и упрощение устройства.The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the display of vectors and simplify the device.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что предложенное устройство со25 держит два регистра, два узла сравнения , первые входа которых подключены к первым выходам соответствующих регистров, а вторые входа -к выходам соответственно первого и второго 30 счетчиков, арифметический блок, ин-This goal is achieved by the fact that the proposed device co25 contains two registers, two comparison nodes, the first inputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the corresponding registers, and the second inputs to the outputs of the first and second 30 counters, an arithmetic unit,

формационные входы которого соединены со вторыми выходами регистров, первый сумматор, вход которого подключен к первому выходу арифметического блока, второй сумматор, первый вход которого соединен со вторым выходом арифметического блока, второй 'вход - с выходом первого сумматора, а выход - с третьим входом первого узла сравнения, триггер и два элемента И. Первый вход первого элемента И подключен к выходу первого узла сравнения, первый вход второго элемента И — ко входу генератора импульсов, выход второго элемента И — к управляющему входу арифметического блока, единичный вход триггера — к выходу второго узла сравнения, а единичный выход триггера — ко вторым входам элементов И и управляющему входу второго регистра.the formation inputs of which are connected to the second outputs of the registers, the first adder, the input of which is connected to the first output of the arithmetic unit, the second adder, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the arithmetic unit, the second 'input - with the output of the first adder, and the output - with the third input of the first comparison node, trigger and two elements I. The first input of the first element And is connected to the output of the first comparison node, the first input of the second element And to the input of the pulse generator, the output of the second element And to the control input arithmetic unit, a single trigger input to the output of the second comparison node, and a single trigger output to the second inputs of AND elements and the control input of the second register.

На фиг. 1 представлена функциональная схема устройства.In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the device.

Оно содержит генератор импульсовIt contains a pulse generator

1, первый 2 и' второй 3 счетчики, первый 4 и второй 5 узлы сравнения, первый элемент И 6, триггер 7, первый 8 и второй 9 сумматоры, арифметический блок 10, первый 11 и второй 12 регистры и второй элемент И 13.1, first 2 and 'second 3 counters, the first 4 and second 5 comparison nodes, the first element And 6, the trigger 7, the first 8 and second 9 adders, the arithmetic unit 10, the first 11 and second 12 registers and the second element And 13.

тическим блоком 10. В моменты совпадения кодов счетчика 3 и сумматора 9 поступают импульсы на элемент И 6 управления яркостью. Аналогично в момент поразрядного равенства кодов счетчика 2 синхроимпульсов и регист⁵ ра 12 координат Х_о, X, узел сравнения выдает импульсы, опрокидывающие триггер 7, который помимо выполнения основной функции выделения строк засвета, управляет выдачей одной из 'θ координат У_о или и прохождением синхроимпульсов строки на арифметический блок через элемент И 13. Таким образом, на выходе элемента И 6 управления яркостью появляются им15 пульсы при единичном состоянии триггера 7 и по приходе импульсов с узла сравнения 4.static block 10. At the moments of coincidence of the codes of the counter 3 and the adder 9, pulses are received on the element And 6 brightness control. Similarly, at the moment of the bitwise equality of the codes of the counter 2 clock pulses and the register ⁵ pa 12 coordinates X _o , X, the comparison node gives out pulses that overturn trigger 7, which, in addition to performing the main function of highlighting the light lines, controls the output of one of the coordinates _o or или clock pulses of the line to the arithmetic block through the element And 13. Thus, at the output of the element And 6 brightness control appears 15 pulses with a single state of trigger 7 and the arrival of pulses from the comparison node 4.

При малых угла$ наклона вектора, т.е. когда он расположен в нескольких 20 строках кадра, последний представляется засветкой нескольких точек, равных числу строк. Устранение этого недостатка может быть проделано известными способами, например, под25 ключением к выходу предлагаемой схемы устройства,' которое производит засветку строки, равной приращению Δ.ΧFor small tilt angles $ of the vector, i.e. when it is located in several 20 lines of the frame, the latter is represented by highlighting several points equal to the number of lines. The elimination of this drawback can be done by known methods, for example, by connecting to the output of the proposed device circuit, 'which produces the highlight line equal to the increment Δ.Χ

На фиг.2 представлены диаграммы,по- — ясняющие процесс формирования векторов,Формула изобретения где а — заданный вектор (который необходимо отобразить);Figure 2 presents diagrams explaining the process of forming vectors. Claims where a is a given vector (which must be displayed);

б — вектор, получаемый при отсутствии второго сумматора,* в — то же, при наличии сумматора, АХ_Ц - приращения по оси • X целых дискрет, АХдр— приращение по оси X дробной части дискрета.b - the vector obtained in the absence of the second adder, * c - the same, in the presence of the adder, AX _C - increments along the • X axis of integer discrete, AXdr — increment along the X axis of the fractional part of the discrete.

На диаграмме представлен случай, когда дХц - 1 ,ДХд_р ~ 0,ошибки по осям X и У для случая Β/ό/ηαχχ ошибки по осям X и У для случая .6? 'гThe diagram shows the case where dXc - 1, Dcd _p ~ 0, errors along the X and Y axes for the case Β / ό / ηαχχ, errors along the X and Y axes for the case .6? 'r

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

Синхронизирующие импульсы частоты строк подаются на счетчик 2 и генератор импульсов 1, который производит горизонтальную дискретизацию строки растра. При этом формируются пачки счетных импульсов, следующих во время прямого хода строчной развертки. Счетные импульсы поступают на счетчик 3. Код числа выделяется на первый узел сравнения кодов 4, на другие его входы поступает сигнал с сумматора 9, который определяет адрес точки засвета на строке растра. Величина его равна Х₀+п (ь Хц+Ы^уУ, где КХц и ДХдр— приращениф по оси X целых дискрет и дробной части дискреты, а η — количество строк, следующих за строкой, код которой соответствует Уо. Величина приращения ±(ьХц + ДХдр) выдается на сумматоры 8 и 9 с частотой строк арифме-The synchronizing pulses of the frequency of the lines are fed to the counter 2 and the pulse generator 1, which produces horizontal sampling of the raster line. In this case, packs of counting pulses are formed, following during the forward horizontal scan. The counting pulses are fed to counter 3. The number code is allocated to the first code comparison node 4, its other inputs receive a signal from adder 9, which determines the address of the light point on the raster line. Its value is equal to X ₀ + n (b Xc + L ^ yy, where Kxc and Dxdr are the increment along the X axis of the whole discrete and fractional parts of the discrete, and η is the number of lines following the line whose code corresponds to Yo. The increment is ± ( bhc + dhdr) is issued to the adders 8 and 9 with the frequency of the arithmetic lines

Claims

The invention relates to the field of automation and computer technology and can be used in devices for displaying graphic information of a television type. - - A device is known for displaying vectors on a CRT 1 screen, containing its pulse generator and counters. . However, such a device is difficult and not reliable. The closest in technical essence to the invention is a device for displaying vectors on the screen of a CRT 12 containing a pulse generator, the input of which is connected to the counting input of the first counter and is the device input, the output of the pulse generator is connected to the counting input of the second counter. The known device, instead of the nji cov and stop register, contains counters on the X and Y axes, counting the elements of the raster decomposition vertically and horizontally, and a comparison circuit that determines the address of the illuminated point on the line / line that increases display quality. However, the direction and angle of inclination of the form vectors depend on the state of the counters, the direction of their counting and the degree of sampling on the X and Y axes, and the image is shifted vertically by controlling the delay element. All this complicates the device, making it difficult to display vectors in an arbitrary place on the screen. In addition, the error in this device depends on the length of the formed vector. It is impossible to reduce this error, since the only way to reduce it is to increase the degree of horizontal sampling of the raster, which is uneconomic, moreover, it is impossible to increase the clock frequency of the pulse generator higher than the frequency of the discharge ratios of the television raster. The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the display of the vectors and the control of the device. The goal is achieved by the fact that the proposed device contains two registers, two comparison nodes, the first inputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the respective registers, and the second inputs to the outputs of the first and second counters, and the measuring unit, whose information inputs are connected: the second outputs of registers, the first adder, whose input is connected to the first output of the arithmetic unit, the second adder, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the arithmetic unit, the second input - from the output the first adder, and the output with the third input of the first comparison node, the trigger and two elements I. The first input of the first element I is connected to the output of the first comparison node, the first input of the second element I to the input of the pulse generator, the output of the second element I to the control input of the arithmetic unit is a single trigger input to the output of the second comparison node, and a single trigger output to the second inputs of the AND elements and the control input of the second register. FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the device. It contains a pulse generator 1, the first 2 and second 3 counters, the first 4 and second 5 nodes of the comparison, the first element AND 6, the trigger 7, the first 8 and second 9 adders, the arithmetic unit 10, the first 11 and second 12 registers and the second element AND 13. Figure 2 shows the diagrams, pn and c a process of forming a vector, where a is a given vector (which must be displayed); b - BiaKTOp, poluchayel in the absence of a second adder, c - the same, in the presence of an adder, J. Hz - increments along the X axis of integer discretes, LHdr - increment along the X axis of the fractional part of the discrete. The diagram shows the case when DHts - 1, DHd, p 0.55 is $ „C1 errors on OS X and y for case B, (WQikN errors on axis X and y for case 6; The device works as follows The synchronizing pulses of the frequencies of the rows are fed to counter 2 and the pulse generator 1, which horizontally discretes the raster line, which forms packs of counting pulses that follow during the forward sweep of the line scan. to the first comparison node of codes 4, to its other inputs the signal from adder 9, which determines the address of the light point on the raster line. Its value is (s Hc + L) Y where L.Hc and Dhdr are increments along the X axis of the whole discretes and fractional parts of the discretes, an is the number of lines following a line whose code corresponds to the CAS. The increment value ± {lHc + lHdr) is output to the Mmators 8 and 9 at the line frequency of the arithmetic unit 10. At the moments of coincidence of the codes of the counter 3 and the adder 9, pulses are received to the element 6 of the brightness control. Similarly in. moment of equal equality of counter codes 2 sync pulses and register 12 coordinates Xd, Xj comparison node generates pulses tilting trigger 7, which, in addition to performing the main function of highlighting light lines, controls the output of one of the coordinates of the EUT or the Y and the passage of sync pulses of the line to the arithmetic unit element 13, Thus, at the output of element 6 of the luminance control, pulses appear at the single state of flip-flop 7 and upon the arrival of the pulses from the comparing node 4. At small angles of inclination of the vector, i.e. when it is located in several lines of the frame, the latter is represented by the illumination of several points equal to the number of lines. The elimination of this drawback can be done by known methods, for example, by connecting to the output of the proposed scheme a device that produces a line illumination equal to the increment LH. Claims An apparatus for displaying vectors on a CRT screen, comprising a pulse generator, the input of which is connected to the counting input of the first counter and is the input of the device, the output of the pulse generator is connected to the counting input of the second counter, different. If, for the purpose of increasing the accuracy of displaying vectors and simplifying the device, it contains two registers, two comparison nodes, the first inputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the corresponding registers, and the second inputs to the outputs of the first and second counters, an arithmetic unit, information the inputs of which are connected to the second outputs of registers, the first adder, the input of which is connected to the first output of the arithmetic unit, the second adder, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the arithmetic unit ka, the second input is with the output of the first adder, and the output is with the third input of the first comparison node, a trigger and two elements AND, the first input n, the first element of AND connected to the output of the first comparison node, the first input of the second element I. pulse generator, the output of the second element And to the control input of the arithmetic unit, the single input of the trigger to the output of the second reference node, and the single trigger output to the second inputs of the element