SU738610A1 - Device for ultrasonic examination of the brain - Google Patents

Description

(54) DEVICE FOR ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION OF THE BONE BRAIN

The invention relates to a medical technique, namely, to diagnostic devices for visualizing a pulsatile substance, the nature of its change, the coordinates of the location, the form and the length of its individual sections of the three dimensions. A device for examining the brain is known, which contains ultrasonic generators, radiation and reception sensors and indicator unit 1. However, this device; provides information about the state of the brain in a small volume and does not allow to obtain a sufficiently high-quality image of intracranial contents at acceptable frequencies and acoustic powers, and the diagnostic information obtained does not allow visualization of the structure of the medulla. In addition, the device does not allow a quantitative assessment of diagnostic information. The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of diagnostic information about the state of the brain, by visualizing the structure of the medullary substance in three dimensions with circular transmission scanning by ultrasound, obtaining a quantitative assessment of diagnostic information, as well as ensuring the recording and playback of the recorded diagnostic information. The goal is achieved by the fact that the proposed device has a series-connected transmission scanning unit, a specialized computer, a forming unit and a control unit, KOTOMLY has a two-sided St. b) with a transmission scanning unit, a specialized computer and a forming unit, the transmission scanning unit comprising a measuring unit, a scanning unit, a reference scanning unit and a coordinating recording unit, where the measuring unit is connected to the scanning unit, a reference scanning unit, coordinating recording unit. , the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the scanning unit and the reference scanner unit, and the forming unit includes the unit converted and, a starting point setting unit, a tracking unit and a communication unit with a specialized computer, wherein

the outputs of the conversion unit directly and through the initial point setting unit are connected to the indicator unit having two-way communication with the communication unit with a specialized computer, the input of which is connected to the output of the tracking unit, the corresponding outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the conversion unit, the initial point setting unit and indicator block.

In addition, the measuring unit contains serially connected amplifiers, transducers, measuring elements and an analyzer.

The coordinating recording unit can contain serially connected read coordinator, write memory, memory block and input block, information in a specialized computer, as well as a memory distributor having two-way communication with the read coordinator and memory block.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device for examining a brain; in fig. 2 is a block diagram of a transmission scanning unit; FIG. 3 - block diagram of the measuring unit; FIG. 4 is a coordinated structural scheme. the recording blockade in FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the forming unit; in fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating. the relative position of the patient's head and the helmets with the centered ultrasonic radiation and reception sensors; in fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating the principle of scanning a patient's head in the form of a series of tomographic sections.

The device contains a transmission scanning unit 1, a specialized computer 2 ,. the forming unit 3 and the control unit 4. Block D includes an ultrasonic generator unit containing high frequency pulse generators 5 and time generators 6, as well as scanning unit 7, block 8 for reference scanning, measuring unit 9 and coordinating recording unit 10, Moreover, unit 9 contains amplifiers 11, converters 12, measuring element 13 and analyzer 14, and block 10 — read coordinator 15, record coordinator 16, memory block 17, memory allocator 18, and information input block 19

In addition, unit 3 comprises a conversion unit 20, an electron-beam indicator 21, a tracking unit 22, a starting point setting unit 23, and a computer communication unit 24.

Unit 7 includes a headgear with centered ultrasonic radiation and reception sensors connected respectively to ultrasonic generators and an amplifier.

Generators 5 are controlled circuits, the operating frequency range of which is 0.8-2.5 MHz and in this range the transition from one frequency to another is carried out smoothly.

The selection of the operating frequency for the test area of the head is performed automatically by the commands of the unit and such that studies lead in the near field (Fresnel zone) so that there is no loss of intensity of the ultrasonic beam associated with its divergence.

In addition, if there are large losses in the intensity of ultrasound energy in the bone of the skull, in addition to changing the frequency, there is an automatic change in power — the generated high-frequency AC pulses according to commands from block 4.,. 0 The impulse mode of operation of the generators 5 is chosen such that the resulting impulse-ultrasound has a much smaller effect on biological objects, which makes it possible to apply it not only at small and medium, but also at higher intensities.

Automatic change of modes

The Q operation of generators 5, aimed at changing the frequency and power of the generated pulses according to the commands of block 4, is intended to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of the processing of all brain structures.

The generators 6 are subordinated to the task of obtaining time stamps for determining the distance traveled by the ultrasonic beam from the ultrasound emitting sensor to the receiving sensor rigidly centered with it of a scanning device with a known one. ultrasound propagation rates. This is necessary to determine the operating mode of the generators 5 analyzer 14

5 block 9 (Fig. 4). And, if the measured distance is equal to the length of the Fresnel zone, the frequency mode of his generators will change.

High-frequency pulses, generated by a generator block through a high-frequency cable, are supplied to block 7 (Fig. 4) and block 8.

Block 7 is a system consisting of transducers located in the bluetooth node and a device for tracking the movement of the scanning unit.

Converting devices are made in the form of pairs of sensors rigidly centered along the line of one axis, one of

0 which works in the mode of generation, convert the incoming high-frequency pulses of alternating current from the generators 5 into narrow beams of ultrasonic rays, and the other in the mode

5 reception, ultrasound transform

impulses to high-frequency impuls

alternating current.

The narrow beam of ultrasonic beams used in the scanning unit is intended for scanning the patient's head in the form of slices (Fig. 7). Moreover, two adjacent slices can be obtained simultaneously, since the pairs of sensors are located one above the other in parallel with respect to each other and work simultaneously.

Structurally, the scanning unit is made in the form of a helmet (Fig. 6) that fits the patient's head tightly, and so that the emitting and receiving sensors located on its external surface make linear displacement across the patient's head and perpendicular to the surface of the investigated section of the head , keeping the distance between the sensors in this area unchanged, taking readings from the passage of the ultrasound beam at each linear step: movement (Fig. 7). -.

. After taking readings in this way, at a certain part of the head, the skiving unit rotates around the head at a strictly predetermined angle and the whole process repeats.

At the end of the circular movement of the scanning unit, which, during each rotation, removes the slide, the sensor pairs are transferred at each step of the linear movement of the sensor pairs to a new level with a step equal to twice the width of the ultrasonic beam, if the pairs of sensors are located one above the other, to obtain data from the next level. The rotation control of the scanning unit, the linear movement of the sensors, and the movement of the sensor pairs to a new level are carried out by a displacement monitoring device, which performs strict monitoring and control of the operation of the scanning unit.

The control unit displaces, by its own, generates pulses in block 4 signaling the completion of each stage of scanning.

The block 8, which contains pyry sensors according to the number located in the scanner of the DEM block, is designed to scan a standard corresponding in structure to the bone of the patient's skull in order to determine the absorption of the ultrasonic energy of the bones of the skull. If there is a significant dissipation of ultrasonic energy in the bones, the analyzer 14 of block 9 performs a preliminary assessment of the ultrasound energy propagation and, if the ultrasound intensity is not sufficient, to be sure that it is received by the sensor, the analyzer 14 generates a pulse in block 4, over which This mode of operation of the generators 5 increases the output power of the generated pulses.

High-frequency pulses of alternating current pedSh1Sh ngG-Zha Sh11: which generate ultrasonic pulses of alternating current, obtained by converting the captured ultrasonic pulses, are fed to block 9.

: This block is intended to divide the measurement of the current of the high-frequency impulses of the alternating current coming from the block 7 directly from the radiating sensor and after amplification and conversion from the receiver, as well as for automatic control of receiving ultrasonic pulses in the form of a narrow beam in the near field, not exceeding the distance of the emitting and receiving sensors, with an intensity that ensures reliable reception. This goal is achieved by analyzer 14.

The analyzer 14 calculates the distance from the known propagation velocity of the ultrasonic signal from the time elapsed from the moment the ultrasound signal is output from the radiating sensor to the moment it is fixed by the pin sensor.

The measured distance is compared with the length of the Fresnel zone in this area, calculated using the formula

 - WITH

S

4Cf

where D is the radiation diameter; i f is the frequency of ultrasound signals in this area; i С - speed of propagation

ultrasound in this environment. If the length of the Fresnel zone is less or more than the distance between the sensors, then the analyzer 14 generates a pulse in block 4, in which the latter (Fig. 1) changes the operation mode of the generators 5, causing them to change the frequency of the ultrasonic signals to the optimum value for of this scanning site.

If the length of the Fresnel zone is equal to the distance from the radiating probe to the receiver, then the analyzer 14 generates a pulse in block 4, by which it permits scanning of this portion of the patient's head at this frequency,.

In addition, the analyzer 14 preliminarily evaluates the ultrasound signal detected by the receiving sensors of the scanning unit 7 (Fig. 4), comparing it with the signal received from the unit 8. IF the ultrasound signal intensity is insufficient for a clear reception due to greater absorption of ultrasonic energy The bones of the skull analyzer 14 generates a pulse in block 4, which changes the operating mode of the generators 5 in order to increase the output power of the generated pulses. With the beginning of the patient's head scanning, the series of control pulses from block 4 turns on block 10. This block (Fig. 4) is intended for recording and reproducing the recorded diagnostic information from element 13 (Fig 3) of block 9, followed by input it into the specialized computer 2, and the information can be entered into the computer 2 repeatedly after being recorded in the memory on a replaceable magnetic information carrier, which also serves as a document preserved in the history of the disease of the patient, Coordinator 15 (Fig. 4) - information by doing from element 13 (fig. 3) of block 9 in each section (fig. 8), made on the basis of the tomographic method ,; partition em into two arrays of values, preparing it for writing. Coordinator 16 (FIG. 4) makes a separate entry into the memory of intensity values in the form of two arrays of values :. 3) - the intensity value of the ultrasonic pulses of the radiating sensor; the intensity value of the ultrasonic pulses recorded by the 1-receiving sensor. Information is recorded by block 17 on magnetic media, the distribution of which is performed by distributor 1 & (Fig. 4). At the end of the patient's head scanning and separate recording into the memory, the intensity values for each slice — the control unit 4 of the pulse train includes a block 19 (FIG. 4) of the coordinating recording unit 10 and a specialized computer 2, the block 19 (FIG. 4) starts to stop A computer input of 2 intensity values is consistent for each slice. These values are processed by the computer which produces the construction of a system of controls describing a strictly defined slice (Fig. 7), the solution of which allows finding the value of the absorption coefficients of ultrasound rays by the medulla at an arbitrarily small point of the two-dimensional slice. The calculation is carried out in such a way that the information obtained provides detailed information about the brain tissues, making it possible to distinguish very small changes in their density.

ggatsagaEga sbJi -ri On the basis of the computations being made, the computer 2 builds cut-away matrices composed of absorption coefficients that accurately characterize each point of two-dimensional slices (Fig. 7), which are made on the basis of the tomographic method, which does not allow the overlapping of some sections to others, followed by recording the values of each matrix in a memory made on magnetic information carriers. Simultaneously with the recording in the memory of the computer 2, the line-printing device prints digital values of the calculated absorption coefficients at each point of the two-dimensional slice. Information on calculated absorption coefficients for each slice, obtained on the basis of the tomographic method, formed in the form. matrices, is recorded in the memory of the computer 2 for the purpose of repeatedly referring to it (information) in the synthesis, aimed at the formation of a volumetric matrix composed of absorption coefficients, which are characteristic only of the selected area (or areas) of the brain, and intended to obtain a volumetric images of any selected area (s) of the brain, as well as for the purpose of repeated reproduction for a detailed study of the image of the resulting two-dimensional sections. Upon completion of data processing and recording of the calculated values of the absorption coefficients in computer memory 2, a pulse is generated in block 4, according to which the latter turns on block 3 and allows reception of data matrices from computer 2 formed in the form. Block 3 serves for two-way online communication with computer 2 in order to convert the digital code information packages resulting from the computer 2 into the visual equivalent of the image elements and to define a specialized computer area of the synthesis in order to obtain a three-dimensional image of the selected brain area. The unit 20 is designed to convert the code premises following from the computer 2 into a visual equivalent in the form of pixel points. On the screen of the electron-beam indicator 21. . . Block 22 is designed to distribute t5Gad information to all functional units, to form commands in computer 2, which set the input speed for data, and also generate pulses in block 4, signaling the beginning and end of processing information from computer 2 over a certain section. After taking a picture cut off the screen of the indicator if longer radiation is not required

or selection directly on the screen of the synthesis region, block 4 generates a signal in block 22, which resets the received image and forms the next picture.

The block 23 is designed to convert the code of the starting point coordinates to an analog value and ensures the formation of the corresponding deflection current.

The block 24 contains a light pen, intended for operative communication with the computer 2 for the purpose of transmitting commands of the block 22, which signal the reception of data for building a picture on the indicator in the synthesis mode and transmitting information in the synthesis area marked with a light pen directly on the screen -ray indicator on any of the resulting images depicting a particular slice.

The sequence of computer codes 2, corresponding to the values of the absorption coefficients, comes to block 20 (Fig. 5). Block 22 (Fig. 5) distributes incoming information between the functional generators of the device, which, using a rigidly defined program, will form current analogs of one or another absorption coefficient

From the outputs of these generators, the signals are fed to the input of high-power high-frequency deflection amplifiers, which form current signals in low-inductance deflection systems, the field of which directly controls the movement of the beam.

Unit 4 is connected with all devices and is intended for the on-line reception, processing and storing of information coming from them, and issuing control actions in the form of parallel binary code on the control object.

Block 4 sets the following types of work:

1. Study of the patient's head from the moment of scanning to obtaining images of images of slices and images of a three-dimensional image of selected brain regions.

2. Repeatedly receiving images of images from data previously recorded in the computer memory 2.

3. Computer processing 2 readings during the recording of new source data

Scanning with the next study. .

4. Processing the computer 2 of the test data during the repetition of pictures of images from previously obtained results recorded in the memory of the computer 2, and with simultaneous scanning of the head of the next patient.

Depending on the type of work performed, unit 4 generates control pulses in the form of two

of a different code and feeds them over the tires to the control object.

: When receiving information about the work performed from the devices, the registers of unit 4 are initially set to their initial state and then recorded.

After recording the information, analysis of the received information and control of the normal operation of the device units are carried out. The result of the control, if there is an error or a failure, blocks the scheme for the formation of control pulses.

Unit 4 analyzes the occurrence of an error or failure and takes measures to eliminate them.

If the malfunction occurred as a result of a hardware failure, stop the operation of the devices and emit light signals indicating the unit in which the hardware failed.

0

If there is no error or failure, the signals are released and preparations are made for resetting the error trigger, and the devices continue to operate according to the selected type.

five

Upon completion of the execution of each command, block 4 forms a command to analyze the completion of the execution of the previous command.

 The proposed device works

0 as follows.

The head of the patient is placed in an elastic helmet of the skimming unit, which fits the head tightly and ensures its position for

5 studies in the desired plane.

On the remote control of block 4, the type of work is performed, according to which control pulses are formed, which ensure the operation of blocks according to a given program. Block 4 is the first to include a block in operation.

0 1. Generators 5 are starting to generate. high-frequency pulses that are supplied via a high-frequency cable to the radiating sensors of block 7 and block 8. Simultaneously with the conversion

5 high frequency pulses of alternating current into beams of narrowly directed ultrasonic rays are measured by block 9 of the frequency and intensity of the generated ultrasound according to the value of the high frequency voltage of the alternating current converted to the code and ultrasound captured by the receiving sensors

5 high frequency ac pulses, and also converted to. code. .

Pulses from generator b, connected together with generator 5, and the values of the frequency and intensity of ultrasound received from element 13,

0 block 9, go to the analyzer 14.

A preliminary assessment is made of the result of scanning in this area of the patient’s head and the formation of pulses in block 4, according to which

this block sets a steady mode of operation for the devices of block 1 in this area and allows separate recording of study values to block 10,

By block 10, use a separate record in block 17 for cutting circular scan data from block 9 at each step of linear movement of sensor pairs along each section and working simultaneously.

Upon completion of the recording of values for Each slice, the coordinator 16 (FIG. 4) generates an impulse in block 4, indicating that the recording of the scanning data is completed at a certain level of the patient's head under test, according to KOTOpiOMy block 4 sends control pulses to the movement tracking devices to perform the movement of pairs sensors to a new level for scanning the next head area.

When the patient's head is scanned, unit 4 turns on the computer 2 and permits unit 10 to order data for each two-dimensional slice.

in computer 2.. . .

As information arrives, the computer 2 produces a PBST of the system of equations 7 According to which the ultrasonic ray absorption coefficient of the brain is calculated

In any way as small as possible

Doubles cut. -.

On the basis of the absorption coefficients found as a result of calculations, the computer 2 builds matrices for each two-dimensional slice, composed of ultrasound medulla absorption coefficients at each point of the two-dimensional slice, followed by za-. I write them (matrices) in memory.

Simultaneously with the recording of the computer 2, the line-printer prints out digital values of the absorption coefficients, strictly repeating

. dying their location in the matrix. After shrinking the recording of matrices for each slice in the memory of the computer 2, in block 4, pulses are generated to finish the calculations for which this block turns on block 3 and enables the computer 2 to record the data for each one;

slice. : - ;. :,. rIncoming information from unit 3 is converted from the absorption coefficients to the Visual equivalent of -; The cops are images in the form of dots that create the riByMejpHoro image of the slice on the screen of the electron-beam indicator.

.- - - If a two-dimensional cf is photographed and does not require a long study, nor the OR setting of the synthesis area of the computer 2, then the control pulses are formed by block 4, n6 kt66 block 3 Resets the image and starts forming the next one.

If, on a two-dimensional slice obtained on the screen of an electron-beam indicator, it is necessary to select a part of the brain and specify a region of synthesis of a specialized EEM 2, aimed at obtaining a volume, image of only a selected area of the brain, the desired section with Simultaneous communication of the Computer Synthesis Area 2.

The computer 2 stops transmitting information to block 3 over sections and begins to operate in a synthesis mode aimed at forming a volume matrix, which is composed of characteristic absorption section coefficients for each section occupied by a dedicated section.

As soon as the three-dimensional matrix is synthesized and recorded in the memory of the machine at a free place, without outputting the results — on printing, the computer 2 is produced, the transfer of the three-dimensional matrix to the block 3, which creates a three-dimensional image of the selected area on the screen of the electron-beam indicator.

After photographing and knocking K directly on the screen of the obtained three-dimensional image, unit 4 resets it and, if no further acquisition of pictures of subsequent two-dimensional sections is required, the device is turned off.

The proposed device provides an increase in the quality of diagnostic information about the state of the brain, and the result of one study can be repeatedly and from any possible point of view subjected to both quantitative and qualitative processing without repeated. patient research.

Claims (3)

1. A device for ultrasound examination of the brain, containing an ultrasound generator unit, radiation and reception sensors, and an indicator unit, so that in order to improve the quality of diagnostic information on the state of the brain by visualization intracranial content in three dimensions with circular transmission scanning by ultrasonic beams, it has a series-connected transmission scanning unit, a specialized computer, a forming unit and a control unit, to which has a two-way communication with the transmission scanning unit, a specialized computer and the forming unit, and the transmission scanning unit includes a measuring unit scanning ; block, reference scanning unit, coordinating recording unit, where the measuring unit is connected to the scanning unit, the reference scanning unit, coordinating the loading unit and the ultrasonic generator unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the scanning unit and the reference scanning unit, and the forming unit includes a conversion unit a setup unit at the starting point, a tracking unit and a 1-COMMUNICATION unit with a specialized computer, with the outputs of the conversion unit directly and through the installation unit starting The common points are connected to an indicator unit having two-way communication with a communication unit with a specialized computer, the input of which is connected to the output of the tracking unit, the corresponding outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the Transformation unit, the initial point setting unit and the indicator unit. 2. The device according to claim 1, dated from the fact that, in order to quantitative evaluation of diagnostic information, the measuring unit contains serially connected amplifiers, transducers, measuring elements and analyzer, 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to ensure the recording and reproduction of the recorded diagnostic information, the coordinating recording The Q block contains sequentially connected read coordinator, write coordinator, memory block and information input unit in a specialized computer, as well as a memory allocator having two-way communication with the read coordinator and the memory block. Sources of information 0 taken into account in the examination 1. Siemens Electromedizin Prospectus, vol. 1975, p. SiSB. 0Ut.l from M to 7 Smtiei / itKi luteic {lvmT HA cufHtjitt 1t. iHtti On XB e a a vtl a v.3 2 ./g:- l ... ,, l; - f, i.- ... . n / Viv-V./ i. TiQcin 738610 Block 9 output Inventory ZVMg Fial