SU732440A1

SU732440A1 - Gripper beam for handling water gates having telescopic bars

Info

Publication number: SU732440A1
Application number: SU782679372A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Григорий Иосифович Козак
Priority date: 1978-10-30
Filing date: 1978-10-30
Publication date: 1980-05-05

Description

Изобретение относитс к механическому оборудованию гидротехнических сооружений, а именно к навесному оборудованию кранов, обслуживающих затворы гидротехнических сооружений. Известна полуавтоматическа захватна балка дл опускани и подъема гидротехнических затворов, у которой захватный орган выполнен в виде поворотного стержн с захватной поперечиной у нижнего конца. Верхний конец стержн оканчиваетс диском , на котором закреплен вертикальный штырь, взаимодействующий с двум горизонтальными штыр ми поворотного сектора . На сектор воздействует шарнирно установленный рычаг с противовесом. При подготовке захватного органа к операци м зацеплени или расцеплени оператор взводит рычаг с противовесом, перебрасыва его, в зависимости от выполн емой операции, в одну или другую сторону относительно сектора , после чего стопорит вертикальный стержень в одном из крайних положений. При опускании балки на заданную глубину стопорное устройство срабатывает, освобожда взведенный рычаг. Последний, под действием противовеса, поворачиваетс сам и поворачивает на 90° вертикальный стержень, обеспечива зацепление или расцепление балки с затвором в зависимости от того, на какую операцию был настроен захват 1. Недостаток такой балки заключаетс в том, что оператор вручную должен взводить рычаг с грузом или перебрасывать его из стороны в сторону. С увеличением грузоподъемности захватной балки увеличиваетс вес захватного органа, возрастает усилие, необходи.мое дл поворота стержн , следовательно , возрастает и вес противовеса. Настройка такого захвата на выполн емую операцию требует затраты значительного времени и больших физических усилий. Известна также автоматическа захватна балка дл опускани и подъема затворов гидротехнических сооружений, у которой захватный орган выполнен в виде поворотного стержн , снабженного на нижнем конце захватной поперечиной. В корпус подвески захватной балки ввернут винт с несамотормоз щейс резьбой, на нижней грани которого расположен торцевой храповик, взаимодействующий с выступающим вертикальным штырем, закрепленным на верхней головке поворотного стержн .The invention relates to the mechanical equipment of hydraulic structures, in particular to attachments of cranes serving hydraulic valves. A known semi-automatic gripping beam for lowering and raising hydraulic gate valves, in which the gripping body is made in the form of a turning rod with a gripping cross member at the lower end. The upper end of the rod ends with a disk on which is mounted a vertical pin, which interacts with two horizontal pins of the rotary sector. The sector is affected by a pivotally mounted lever with a counterweight. In preparing the gripping body for engagement or disengagement, the operator swings the lever with the counterweight, throwing it, depending on the operation being performed, on one side or the other with respect to the sector, after which it stops the vertical rod in one of the extreme positions. When lowering the beam to a predetermined depth, the locking device is activated, releasing the cocked lever. The latter, under the action of the counterweight, rotates itself and rotates the vertical rod 90 °, engaging or disengaging the beam with the bolt depending on which operation the grip 1 was set to. The disadvantage of such a beam is that the operator must manually arm load or toss it from side to side. As the lifting capacity of the gripping beam increases, the weight of the gripping body increases, the force required to rotate the rod increases, and therefore the weight of the counterweight increases. Setting up such a capture for the operation being performed requires considerable time and considerable physical effort. Also known is an automatic gripping beam for lowering and raising the valves of hydraulic structures, in which the gripping body is made in the form of a swiveling rod provided at the lower end with a gripping crossbar. A screw with a non-braking thread is screwed into the suspension arm of the gripping beam; the bottom ratchet is located on its lower face, which interacts with a protruding vertical pin fixed on the upper head of the swiveling rod.

При опускании захватной балки на затвор захватна поперечина входит в продолговатое отверстие затвора, после чего стержень с помощью винта, вращающегос под действием собственного веса балки, поворачиваетс на 90°. При подъеме захватной балки (с затвором или без него) винт под действием своего собственного веса опускаетс вниз, при этом он поворачиваетс на 90° в исходное положение дл возможности выполнени очередной операции 2.When the gripping beam is lowered onto the bolt, the gripper cross member enters the oblong opening of the bolt, after which the rod is rotated by 90 ° with the help of a screw rotating under the action of the beam's own weight. When the catch beam is raised (with or without a bolt), the screw is lowered under its own weight, and it is rotated 90 ° to its original position in order to perform the next operation 2.

Балка имеет существенные конструктивные недостатки, привод щие к ненадежной работе:The beam has significant design flaws leading to unreliable operation:

поскольку КПД винтовой пары в основном зависит от коэффициента трени , незначительные изменени его величины, завис щие от многих неучитываемых факторов (вагустенание или выщелачивание смазки , коррози , попадание пыли, изменение влажности воздуха и выпадение росы на элементах балки при суточных перепадах температур и т.д.), могут привести к тому, что несамотормоз ща передача может стать самотормоз щей, при опускании захватной балки на затвор вес подвески окажетс недостаточным дл поворота стержн с захватной поперечиной, при этом невозможно будет осуществить операцию зацеплени или расцеплени ;Since the efficiency of a screw pair mainly depends on the coefficient of friction, insignificant changes in its size depending on many factors that are not taken into account (thickening or leaching of lubricant, corrosion, dust ingress, change in air humidity and dew loss on beam elements with daily temperature differences, etc. .), can lead to the fact that the non-self-braking transmission can become self-braking; when the gripping beam is lowered onto the bolt, the weight of the suspension will not be sufficient to rotate the rod with the gripper crossbar; an engagement or disengagement operation will not be possible;

по этой же причине при подъеме захватной балки винт может не опуститьс под действием собственного веса в нижнее положение с аналогичным предыдущему, недостатку результатом;for the same reason, when lifting the gripping beam, the screw may not fall under the action of its own weight into the lower position with the result similar to the previous one;

перекос и застревание затвора в пазах при опускании могут привести к срабатыванию захвата и самопроизвольному автоматическому расцеплению балки с затвором, после чего затвор может сорватьс и упасть. Известна также автоматическа захватна балка с клещевым захватом, содержаща металлоконструкцию с т говыми подвесками и захватный орган в виде двух щарнирно установленных клешней, запорного элемента и управл ющего рычага. На одном конце управл ющего рычага жестко закреплен противовес, а между противовесом и запорным элементом установлен выдвижной упор. При подготовке захватной балки к операции зацеплени выдвижной упор предварительно задвигают, при этом он не взаимодействует со щтангой затвора, что позвол ет запорному элементу зафиксировать клещни в закрытом положении. При подготовке захватной балки к операции расцеплени упор предварительно выдвигают, при этом он, взаимодейству со щтангой затвора, взводит управл ющий рычаг с противовесом , который затем выводит запорный элемент из контакта с верхними концами клещней 3.misalignment and jamming of the bolt in the grooves during lowering may lead to triggering of the grip and spontaneous automatic disengagement of the beam with the bolt, after which the bolt may break and fall. Also known is an automatic gripping beam with a clamp clamp, containing a metal structure with traction hangers and a gripping body in the form of two hinged claws, a locking element and a control lever. At one end of the control lever, a counterweight is rigidly fixed, and a retractable stop is installed between the counterweight and the locking element. When preparing the catch beam for the engagement operation, the retractable stop is pre-pushed in, while it does not interact with the gate valve, which allows the locking element to lock the tongs in the closed position. When preparing the catch beam for the decoupling operation, the stop is pre-extended, while interacting with the bolt gate, cocks the control lever with the counterweight, which then brings the locking element out of contact with the upper ends of the tongs 3.

Недостатком такой балки вл етс необходимость подготовительных операций по настройке захватного органа на зацепление и расцепление.The disadvantage of such a beam is the need for preparatory operations to set up the gripping body for engagement and disengagement.

Цель предлагаемого изобретени - повышение производительности труда путем устранени остановок на ручную переналадку балки дл выполнени операций зацеплени и расцеплени .The purpose of the present invention is to increase labor productivity by eliminating stops for manual retooling of the beam for performing engagement and disengagement operations.

Указанна цель достигаетс тем, что балка снабжена вспомогате аьным рычагом, установленным на оси, имеющим на одном конце противовес, а на другом - подпружиненный щтырь, причем один конец управл ющего рычага имеет направл ющие дл подпружиненного щтыр , одна из которых выполнена в виде скоса, а втора - в виде фигурного паза.This goal is achieved by the fact that the beam is equipped with an auxiliary lever mounted on an axis, having a counterweight at one end and a spring-loaded tongue on the other, with one end of the control lever having guides for the spring-loaded tongue, one of which is designed as a bevel, and the second - in the form of a shaped groove.

Кроме того, запорный элемент жестко закреплен на другом конце управл ющего рычага.In addition, the locking element is rigidly fixed at the other end of the control lever.

На фиг. 1 изображена захватна балка в сцепе с затвором, вид спереди; на фиг. 2 - разрез А-А фиг. 1; на фиг. 3 - разрез Б-Б фиг. 2 (захватный орган в открытом положении (; на фиг. 4 - то же (захватный орган в закрытом положении); на фиг. 5 - сечение В-В фиг. 3 (профиль перехода фигурного паза к боковой поверхности рычага ); на фиг. 6 - сечение Г-Г фиг. 4 (конструкци подпружиненного штыр ); на фиг. 7 - схема захватного органа дл захватной балки с двум точками подвеса к затвору.FIG. 1 shows a gripping beam coupled with a bolt, front view; in fig. 2 - section A-A of FIG. one; in fig. 3 - section bb FIG. 2 (gripping member in open position (; in Fig. 4 - the same (gripping member in closed position); in Fig. 5 - section B-B of Fig. 3 (profile of transition of the shaped groove to the side surface of the lever); fig. Fig. 6 is a section of the G-D Fig. 4 (spring-loaded pin structure), and Fig. 7 is a diagram of a gripping member for a gripping beam with two suspension points to the gate.

Захватна балка с одной точкой подвеса к затвору содержит раму 1, на которой размещены направл ющие катки 2, т говые подвески 3 присоединены к подвескам 4 подъемного крана. Захватный орган 5 состоит из двух клещней 6, вращающихс на ос х 7, управл ющего рычага 8 и вспомогательного рычага 9. Верхние концы клещней 6 отт нуты пружинами 10. Под действием этих пружин в исходном положении клещни нормально закрыты.The gripping beam with one suspension point to the gate contains frame 1, on which guide rollers 2 are placed, traction hangers 3 are attached to crane hangers 4. The gripping organ 5 consists of two tongs 6 rotating on axles 7, a control lever 8 and an auxiliary lever 9. The upper ends of the tongs 6 are pulled out by springs 10. Under the action of these springs in the initial position, the tongs are normally closed.

Управл ющий рычаг 8 щарнирно установлен на оси 11. Под действием собственного веса управл ющий рычаг стремитс повернутьс по часовой стрелке, при этом нижнее положение его ограничено упором 12. На одном конце управл ющего рычага 8 выполнены скос 13 и фигурный паз 14, конфигураци которого показана на фиг. 3 и 4. Начало фигурного паза 14 соединено со скосом 13, а конец его имеет плавный переход 15 к боковой поверхности рычага 8. На другом конце управл ющего рычага закреплен запорный элемент 16.The control lever 8 is pivotally mounted on the axis 11. Under its own weight, the control lever tends to turn clockwise, while its lower position is limited by the stop 12. At one end of the control lever 8, a bevel 13 and a figure groove 14 are made, the configuration of which is shown in fig. 3 and 4. The beginning of the shaped groove 14 is connected to the bevel 13, and its end has a smooth transition 15 to the side surface of the lever 8. At the other end of the control lever, the locking element 16 is fixed.

Claims

The auxiliary lever 9 is hingedly mounted on the axis 17. At one end of the auxiliary lever 9 is mounted a counterweight 18, and on the other there is a movable tongue 19, the head of which is preloaded by a spring 20. Pin 19 during the engagement and disengagement operations interacts with the bevel 13 and the figured control groove 14 leverage. The width of the groove 14 is made larger than the diameter of the pin 19 so that the latter can freely pass straight sections of the broken configuration of the shaped groove, while describing the segments of the arc of a circle. Under the weight of the counterweight 18, the auxiliary lever 9 tends to turn clockwise, while its lower position is limited by the stop 21. When the auxiliary lever 9 lies on the stop 21, the pin 19 is located above the bevel edge 13. Depending on the design features of the valve being serviced, its conditions work and the requirements for it, the gripping body can be rotated 90 ° about the vertical axis. In this case, the plane of rotation of the claws 6 will be located along the beam, and the control, s, and auxiliary levers will be located across the beam. It is also possible to arrange a pair of claws, control and auxiliary levers in the same plane. The gripping beam with two points of suspension to the gate (Fig. 7), unlike the above, contains two pairs of claws 6 and two locking elements 16, which are fixed on separate levers 22 rigidly mounted on one shaft 23 with a control lever 8. When This plane of rotation of both pas {) tongs b is located along the beam. The drawings also show the shutter 24, the threshold 25, the sliding rod 26, the axis 27 of the shutter 24, the bevelled parts 28 of the claws 6, the inner surfaces 29 of the claws 6. The device operates as follows Lifting the shutter. Engagement. In the initial position, prior to performing the engagement operation, the shutter 24 is located on the threshold 25 (Fig. 1), while the retractable rod 26 mounted on the shutter, resting on the threshold, takes the upper position. The control lever 8, due to the displacement of the center of gravity about the axis I1, under the action of its own weight, is rotated to the pq position (Fig. 3). In this case, it rests freely on the stop 12, and the locking element 16 is located outside the zone of interaction with the upper ends of the claw 6. The auxiliary lever 9 is supported by the counterweight 18 on the stop 21, while the pin 19 is located above the edge of the bevel 13. When the gripping beam is lowered on the shutter 24, the shutter axis 27 presses against the lower skewed portions 28 of the claws 6 (Fig. 2) and, moving them, enters the throat, after which the claws 6 are closed by the action of the springs 10. At the time of closing the claws, the sliding bar 26 comes into contact with the control lever 8 (Fig. 3). In the process of further lowering the beam, the head of the rod 26 presses the control lever 8, turning it around the axis 11 counterclockwise. Since the inner surfaces 29 of the claws 6 are parallel, the claws 6 freely move relative to the axis 27 in the vertical direction. When the control lever 8 is rotated, the locking element 16 enters the gap between the upper ends of the claw 6, and the pin 19 slides along the bevel 13 from point a to point b, turning lever 9 counterclockwise. At the point in, the shaped groove 14 begins. Approaching the point in, the pin 19 under the action of the weight of the counterweight enters the groove 14 and abuts against the side edge of the section at point c. At this moment, the catch beam sits on the bolt 24, and further rotation of the control lever 8 stops. Then the lifting of the gripping beam begins, which is carried out in two stages. In the first stage of ascent until the axis 27 of the bolt is displaced onto the female parts of the claw 6, the bolt 24 and the pull bar 26 remain in place. In the process of lifting at this stage, the control lever 8 rotates clockwise under its own weight, while pin 19 passes the section cd of the figure groove 14 and, when it reaches point d, under the action of the weight of the counterweight 18 moves to point e. point e, pin 19 is fixed in the corner formed by the de and ek slots. The control lever 8 then hangs on the pin 19 in the piQi position (Fig. 4), and the locking element 16 is installed between the upper ends of the claw 6 in the engaged position. At the end of the first lifting stage, the bolt axis 27 sits on the female parts of the claws 6. The latter clamps the locking element 16 with their upper ends, which thus fix the claws in the closed position. In the process of further lifting, the catch beam and the shutter are raised together, while the sliding rod 26 is lowered to the lower position. The engagement is complete. All elements of the gripping body of the gripping beam assumed the initial position necessary for the subsequent execution of the uncoupling operation. Lowering the shutter. Uncoupling. Lowering the catch beam coupled with the bolt also occurs in two stages. In the first stage, the bolt 24 sits on the threshold 25, while the pull rod 26, abutting the threshold, rises upward (Figs. 1 and 4). When the bolt is seated on the threshold, the load with claw 6 is removed, whereby the locking element 16 is released from being clamped by the upper ends of the claw and the control lever 8 is able to turn. In the second stage, the catch beam continues to descend down until it lands on the bolt, as a result of which the head of the extendable rod 26 presses the control lever 8, turning it counterclockwise. At the same time, the pin 19 passes the section ek of the figured groove 14 and, having reached the point k, under the influence of the weight of the counterweight 18 moves to the point T. At the point m, the pin 19 abuts against the side edge of the section TP. At that moment, the catch beam sits on the shutter and the second stage of descent ends. Then the lifting of the catch beam begins. In the first stage of lifting, until the gate axis 27 reaches the female parts of the claws 6, the control lever 8 rotates under its own weight in a clockwise direction and sits on the stop 12. The locking element 16 then leaves the zone of interaction with upper ends of tongs. In the process of turning the control lever 8, the pin 19 first passes the area of the shaped figure groove 14, then the section along the smooth transition 15, and then goes to the side surface of the lever. At the same time it sinks, compressing the spring 20, slides along the side surface of the lever from point o to point a, until it reaches the edge of the bevel 13. Once above the edge of the bevel, pin 19 is pushed out by the spring 20. At this moment the auxiliary lever 9 sits on the stop 21, In the second stage of lifting the gripping beam, the bolt axis 27 presses against the female parts of the claws 6 and, by pushing them, exits the throat. The claws 6 are closed by the action of the spring 10. All elements of the gripping body of the gripping beam assume the initial position necessary for the subsequent execution of the engagement operation. In the process of lowering the shutter can be skewed and stuck in the slots. However, spontaneous disengagement will not occur in this case, since the retractable rod 26 remains in the lower position and cannot interact with the control lever 8 to perform switching movements. The presence of an auxiliary lever mounted on an axis and having a counterweight at one end and a spring-loaded pin at the other end interacting with rails in the form of a bevel and a shaped groove made at one end of the control lever, and the stop lever is rigidly fixed at the other end of the control lever element, allows to increase labor productivity when maneuvering hydraulic gates by eliminating stops for changeover of the beam to perform engagement and uncoupling operations, and also allows s to reduce the number of staff and povychit safety. Claim 1. Grip beam for maneuvering hydraulic gates with retractable strings, containing a frame with traction suspensions and a gripping body, made in the form of two hinged pliers and mounted on an axis of a control lever, interacting with a retractable bar, differing in that in order to increase labor productivity by eliminating stops at the manual retooling of the beam for performing the engagement and disengagement operations, it is equipped with an auxiliary lever mounted on axis, having at one end a counterweight, and the other - the spring-loaded pin, wherein one end of the control lever has a guide for the spring-loaded pins, one of which is formed as a taper, and the second - in the shape of a figure of the groove. The beam according to claim, wherein the locking element is rigidly fixed at the other end of the control lever. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate number 114541, cl. 66 C 1/10, 1958.

2. USSR author's certificate number 129133, cl. E 02 B 7/36, 1959.

3. USSR author's certificate number 541770, cl. 66 C 1/66, 1974.

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