SU702998A3 - Method of producing fumigating material - Google Patents

Description

(54) METHOD OF OBTAINING A COOLING FACTORY

one

The invention relates to the production of a smoking factory and can be used in the manufacture of tobacco products.

Methods are known for producing smoking articles from vegetable raw materials, in particular tobacco, by treating it with a reagent capable of destroying cross-links between alkaline earth metal and pectins to isolate the latter with the precipitation of alkaline earth metal salts 1, 2.

The closest to the described invention to the technical essence and the achieved result is a method of producing a smoking factory, according to which pectin-containing material, and imenta but tobacco material (usually scrap or waste), consisting of tobacco particles or dust, is subjected to chemical treatment with pectin-releasing reagent 3

However, the tobacco products produced by these methods contain a certain amount of nicotine and have the smell of tobacco.

The aim of the invention is to expand the range of smoking materials.

The goal has been achieved by using as the source of the rectin-containing vegetable raw material the husks of coffee beans or its components.

Coffee bean husks consist of an outer skin or exocarp, pulp or mezacarp, the peel of a coffee bean or endocarp and a silver shell or barley directly in contact with the coffee bean.

Any component of the coffee peel in dry and crushed form can partially or completely replace tobacco or be mixed with any other smoking substances in order to obtain the desired smoking factory with a characteristic aroma.

In accordance with the present invention, chemical processing of the crack of coffee beans or its components is provided in order to release coffee pectins. The pectins released during the processing are deposited on the husks to be processed and bound into a homogeneous leaf, and there is no need to separate the released pectins from the components, since all this mass can be directly used either in tobacco instead of tobacco, or in conjunction with tobacco or other materials for the manufacture of tobacco products. . Coffee bean pectins (more precisely, protopectins) are composed of calcium and / or magnesium salts of galacturonic acid, and the divalent calcium atoms and / or magnesium bind acid chains so that the resulting polymers are insoluble in water. Coffee protopectins differ from tobacco protopectins mainly in terms of cross-linking and chain length. In the process of chemical treatment, the husks of coffee beans are reacted with an aqueous solution of a non-toxic reagent that destroys the bonds of calcium and magnesium in substances containing pectin. Thereafter, a sufficient amount of pectin is released from the husk, which is then dissolved or dispersed in the solution, precipitated from this solution, becoming suitable for binding the material. Reagents used include precipitating agents for divalent cations, pectin binding, forming insoluble salts, or a compound that binds divalent ions into a chelate complex, or agents that partially reduce solubility and partially bind divalent ions, or acids that dissolve divalent ions to form soluble calcium and magnesium salts, which are then removed by washing, with the pectins remaining as an insoluble acid. When using TlaRoro-type reagents, the precipitate must subsequently be alkalized in order to dissolve the pectins. . As such a reagent, a single metal salt of a metal having the formula MlH can be obtained, where M is a monovalent inorganic cation, n is an integer of 1.2 or 3, and X is an anion, which can be either monovalent or polyvalent. Monovalent cations can be alkali metals, such as sodium, potassium or lithium, as well as ammonium ion. Anions in these molecules can be CQ, HGH, HPQ, H HORN, etc. For example, sodium carbonate () can be used as a compound having the formula MyX, since sodium is a monovalent inorganic cation, and calcium carbonate is practically water-insoluble compound. Other precipitating agents may be orthophosphates, metaphosphates, as well as sodium, potassium, lithium or ammonium carbonates. In particular, for example, when using ammonium orthophosphate, ammonium calcium phosphate and / or magnesium precipitates. The concentration of reagent used may be from 0.008 to 0.40 mol (preferably from 0.038 to 0.027 mol) per 100 g of coffee material. The pH of this reaction should be maintained in the range of from about 5.8 to 10, the reaction temperature can be up to 400 ° C, but the preferred temperature is in the range of from 25 to 135 ° C, and the reaction time is from about I min to 24 hours. The precipitating agents can be alkali metal carbonates, for example sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal orthophosphates and ammonium orthophosphates, for example ammonium orthophosphate, sodium orthophosphate, primary ammonium acid orthophosphate, primary acidic potassium orthophosphate, secondary th acidic ammonium orthophosphate, sodium and potassium. Reagents suitable for this purpose may be reagents that form complex or chelate compounds with calcium and / or magnesium. Examples include amino acid, for example ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylene diamine-acetic acid, aminobarbituric acid, 2-aminobenzoic acid, / -aminoethylphosphinic acid or / J-aminosulfinic acid. In addition, polyphosphates acting as compounds that bind metal ions to the chelate complex, such as tetrametaphosphates, hexametophosphates and trimetaphosphates, pyrophosphates and tripolyphosphates, examples of which are sodium hexametaphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate and p; trisodium tripolyphosphate. The compound forming the chelate complex with the metal ion is also nitrile triacetic acid. In addition, many amines and peptides can be used, which are also capable of effectively combining calcium and / or magnesium ions into a chelate complex, including alanine, aspartic acid, glycine, glycyl-glycine, glutamic acid, serine, tyrosine, and dihydro -1-tyrosine. When using one of these compounds, a chelate complex with calcium or magnesium is formed. A reaction of this type takes place at a pH of from 4 to 10, a temperature from 0 to 145 ° C for 1 minute to 24 hours. The concentration of the agent forming the chelate complex can be from 0.015 to 0.2 mol per 100 g of coffee material. Some organic acids can be used together with ammonium hydroxide to carry out the precipitation reaction. The preferred acid is citric acid. During its decomposition, a citrate ion is formed, which interacts with the corresponding cations to form calcium or magnesium citrates, which are relatively insoluble in water. The medium must be alkaline, so use ammonium hydroxide. Per 100 g of coffee material in this reaction can be used from about 0.025 to 0.10 mol of citric acid and from 0.15 to 0.50 mol of ammonium hydroxide. The temperature of this reaction can be from 25 to 135 ° C. The reaction time under these conditions is about 5 minutes to 24 hours. Acids, such as hydrochloric, phosphoric, sulfuric and others, can usually be used as a pectin-releasing agent, usually in the form of aqueous solutions at a concentration of from 0.025 to 5N, preferably from 0 , 5 to 5N, solutions. The degree of dilution and the amount of acid used depend on its type. The acid treatment is preferably carried out at about -1 to 50 ° C. The reaction of the acid with the coffee peel or its components is carried out until the pH of the resulting mixture is approximately 1-2.5, preferably 1-1.7. The treatment in this way is carried out extensively for 10 minutes to 24 hours. The acidity of the medium can be provided by using ion exchange resins with adequate recycling, resulting in the required pH of the solution during processing. The ion exchange resins used can be regenerated by known methods. The mixture obtained as a result of treatment with an inorganic acid is usually washed with water, preferably distilled, at a temperature of from 15 to 35 ° C. At least two volumes of water per volume of the mixture obtained after treatment is required for rinsing. After washing, the water from the tobacco is separated by known methods, for example using a centrifuge, filter press or other equipment. The pectic acid produced during the above acid treatment process is practically insoluble. To convert it into a soluble form, it is necessary to introduce an alkali before the conditions for the release of acid from the cellular structure of the coffee peel are provided. As alkaline materials, ammonium hydroxide and alkali metal hydroxides are used, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, as well as alkali metal salts, for example sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate and other similar salts. The alkaline material can be any water-soluble compound containing a monovalent inorganic cation and capable of forming hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. The alkali treatment temperature is from about -1 to 45 ° C, but preferably from 15 to 35 ° C. If, when processing the coffee bean husks or its components, the amount of natural acids or salt is sufficient to carry out the required reactions, the crosslinking of the protopectin can be carried out by adding an excess of ammonia to the coffee suspension (preferably in the form of ammonium hydroxide). The nature of the reaction taking place in this case has not been established. However, natural citric acid, phosphates and sulphates are considered to interact with the calcium salt of pectic acid when the pH corresponds to an alkaline medium, as a result of which the pectins are released as ammonium pectinate in sufficient quantity to serve as a binding material. It should be noted that since the release process is carried out under conditions that provide a satisfactory yield of the released pectin binding agent, in this case it is desirable or sometimes necessary to stir or agitate the coffee particles treated with the reagent in order to facilitate the release of pectins and, if necessary, - with the aim of imparting the fibrous suspension of the desired density and fine grain. At the end of the pectin release process, the resulting smoking product is subjected to the treatment normally used in the manufacture of the respective products. Such a smoking product can be used instead of tobacco or mixed with other smoking substances. When smoking, the smoked product gives smoke an unusual flavor. The following examples illustrate this invention. Example 1. A slurry is prepared from 30 g m of coffee beans kin (essentially from silver shells) and 270 ml of water, 3 g of diammonium phosphate. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 9 with a concentrated solution of NHt OH. For 15 minutes, this slurry was mixed in a Voring mixer, heated for 1 hour at 90 ° C, stirred again for 5 minutes and again heated for 1 hour at 90 ° C. In a hot condition, the slurry is applied to the plate with a casting knife with a setting of 50 mils (1 mil 0.0254 mm), then steam and removed with a scraper. The pH of the slurry during casting is 8.6. The resulting sheet has excellent physical properties: weight. 13.27 g / ft {143 g / m), wet strength coefficient of 7.98 g / 7 inch / g / sq foot (g / 2.54 cm / g / 0.093 m). When burned, it produces a soft, pleasant and sweet smoke, similar to the smoke of a light tobacco leaf. Mist 2. A sludge is prepared from 30 g m of coffee beans kina, 350 ml of water and 3 g of diammonium phosphate. Adjust the pH to 9 by adding a concentrated solution of NHt OH. The slurry is heated for one hour at a temperature of 90 ° C, stirred for 5 minutes in a Varing mixer, and heated again for one hour. Then it is cast on the plate as in example 1, dried and removed. The resulting sheet has a pleasant aroma when burned. Example 3. A mixture of water-insoluble solid particles of the stem of light tobacco is mixed with the grains of coffee beans. The insoluble particles of the light stem are treated in a mixer “Walle until the volume taken up is less than 100 ml. For the manufacture of sludge, 20 g of insoluble solid particles of a light stem and 500 ml of water are used. The mixture is heated on a steam bath for 16 hours. To prepare another slurry, 30 g of coffee bean husk, 750 ml of water are used. The pH of the mixture is adjusted to 9 with concentrated solution of OH. The mixture is heated on the steam bath for 16 hours. The resulting two slurries are ground for 15 minutes in a mixer separately, after which they are mixed together. The slurry thus obtained is cast onto a plate as in Example 1, dried and collected. The resulting sheets are cut and made from them manually cigarettes, which, when smoked, have a softer and more delicate flavor compared to the smoke of a control cigarette, consisting of 100% insoluble solid particles of a light stem. Example 4. 20 g of solid water-insoluble particles of a light stem, 5 g m of coffee beans kina and 500 ml of water are mixed in a Varing blender. The pH of the mixture is adjusted to pH 9 with a concentrated solution of MC IT. The resulting mixture is ground for 15 minutes, heated at 90 ° C for one hour, again ground for 15 minutes, after which it is heated for one hour. The resulting slurry is applied to the plate as in Example I, dried and collected. This sheet is cut for consumption. When smoking cigarettes from these sheets, the aroma is significantly softer and more tender compared to the aroma of control cigarettes consisting of 100% insoluble solid particles of a light-colored stem. When smoking experimental cigarettes, no taste or smell was detected. Example 5. For the preparation of sludge, 47.5 g m of coffee beans kin are used.

Claims (3)

702998 2.5 g of diammonium phosphate, 450 ml of water. The pH of the medium is adjusted to 9 with a concentrated solution of NHi OH. The slurry is stirred for 15 minutes in a Waring mixer; heated for one hour at 90 ° C, re-agitated for 5 minutes, then heated again for one hour at 90 ° C. In the hot state, the slurry is applied to the plate as in Example 1, vaporized and removed. The pH value during casting is 9. Sheets with satisfactory physical properties are obtained: the tensile strength in the wet state is 7.35 g / inch / g / Sq ft / g / 2.54 cm / G / 0.093 m 2 / ; sheet weight - 11, pg / / sq, ftUg / 0.093m2A. Example 6. For the manufacture of sludge, 40.5 g of m of coffee bean kin, 4.5 g of diammonium phosphate, 455 ml of water and a concentrated solution of NHi OH are used. The pH of the medium is 9. The slurry is stirred for 10 minutes and heated for one hour at 90 ° C. In the hot state, the slurry is applied to the plate as indicated in Example I, steam dried and collected. During casting, the pH is 8.8. A sheet with satisfactory physical properties is obtained: a tensile strength in the wet state is 10, Obg / inch7g / kgFutGg / 2.54 / cm / g / 0.093 m2 /; . weight 11.10 / g / sq ft / g / 0.093 m2 /. Example 7. For the preparation of sludge, 21.75 g m of coffee beans kin, 3.25 g of citric acid, 300 ml of water and. concentrated solution NHj OH; The pH of the medium is 9. The slurry is heated for one hour at a temperature of 90 ° C, after which it is stirred for 15 minutes and heated again for one hour at a temperature of 90 ° C. The resulting slat is cast on a plate, dried with steam and removed. The resulting lvst possesses satisfactory physical properties, the coefficient of tensile strength in the wet state is 9 g / inch / g / sq / ft. g / 2.54 cm / g / 0.093 m 2 /; weight 8.9 / sq. ft. / / g / 0.093 m 2 / .... Example 8. To prepare sludge, 22.5 g of coffee bean husk, consisting of outer skins and pulp and ground to a dusty state, are used. , 2.5 g of diammonium phosphate, 440 ml of water and a concentrated solution of NHt OH, with which the pH is adjusted to 9. The slurry is heated for one hour at 90 ° C and mixed in a Varing b mixer for 10 minutes, after which heated for one hour at 90 ° C. The resulting sludge is cast on a plate, dried with steam and removed. The physical properties of the OleachOg Liszt are the following: a wet strength factor of 15.8 g / inch / g / sq. Foot / g / / 2.54 / cm / g / 0, b93 m 2 /; weight 9.27 / g / sq. ft / g / 0.093 Mj / Example 9. To prepare the sludge, use 35 g of powdered external peel and pulp of coffee beans, 15 g of ground coffee waste, 7.5 g of citric acid, 450 ml of water and a concentrated solution of NH) OH, with which the pH is adjusted to 9. This slurry is heated for one hour at a temperature of 90 ° C, stirred in a Varing mixer for 15 minutes, after which it is again heated for one hour at a temperature of 90 ° C . The resulting sludge is cast on a plate, dried with steam and removed in the form of a film. The physical properties of the obtained product are as follows: a wet strength tensile factor of 5.6 g / DYUy / g / sq. Ft / g / 2.54 / cm / g / 0.093 m1 / h g - I fj-1 / weight 10.5 g / ft. g / 0.093 m 2 /. Example 10. Four cigarettes are made by hand. The first (control sample) is made only from a standard filler. The remaining three cigarettes are made from mixtures of the same filler and kina from coffee beans, the content of which is 10, 20 and 30% by weight of the mixture, respectively. When comparing, it turned out that all three cigarettes with the addition of coffee material have a softer, more tender and pleasant aroma than the control cigarette. In addition, cigarettes containing 20% coffee material, have a noticeable basic smell and side aroma of roasted coffee beans. This aroma was more pronounced in a cigarette containing 30% coffee material. However, this aroma was not when smoking a control cigarette or a cigarette containing coffee material. The invention of the method for producing a smoking factory by treating pectin-containing plant material with a reagent capable of breaking the bonds between alkaline earth metal and polygalacturanic acid units that are part of the protopropectins of the raw material, for example, a secondary acidic ammonium orthophosphate or a mixture of citric acid and ammonium hydroxide. the subsequent precipitation of the alkaline earth metal compounds formed and the release of pectins in an alkaline medium, characterized in that, in order to expand range smoking materials, as a starting pectin p) 1stitelnogo feedstock used husk of coffee beans or components thereof. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. US patent number 3353541, cl. 131-17, 1968. 2. US patent number 3411515, class. 131-140, 1968. 3. US patent number 3420241, cl. 131-140, 1969.