SU69964A1 - Photovoltaic device for the orientation of the blind - Google Patents

Description

Photovoltaic device for the orientation of the blind

Filed on August 21, 1946 at the Ministry of Electrical Industry of the USSR

Published December 1947

A disadvantage of previously-proposed photovoltaic devices for orienting the blind with the use of a relaxation generator, a telephone telephone that changes the pitch of which is judged by the presence of an obstacle that obscures the directional photocell, is automatic re-adjusting the sensitivity threshold. Therefore, minor changes in the ambient light immediately cause changes in the sensitivity threshold of the device, i.e., the distance from which it begins to react to the obstacle. This circumstance confuses the blind.

According to the invention, in order to ensure the constancy of the sensitivity threshold of the device at various external illuminations, an additional upward photocell is included in the relaxation generator circuit parallel to the charge resistance, the resistance change of which when the exterior No. 1521 is changed (347086)

Noah | 41 compensates for the resistance of the main photocell caused by the same reason.

FIG. 1 shows the electrical circuit of the proposed device; FIG. 2 removes the installation of photocells in the instrument. The number / labeled battery is an electrical power source; numeral 2 - the main photocell directed towards the movement of the blind; The number 3 is a high-resistance variable resistance, which is used to differentiate the values of the sensitivity threshold of the instrument, which is conveniently partitioned for ease of use. With a known skill, a blind person can judge which sensitivity threshold (range of action) is answered by each of the contacts of the resistance switch 5. The number 4 indicates the glow lamp; 5 - telephone (one ear).

For automatic regulation of the constancy of the sensitivity threshold, an additional photocell 6, shuntch) is used. variable variables343

It is intended to adjust the range of the constancy of the sensitivity threshold depending on the ambient light. Resistance 7 can be made either in the form of a smoothly varying resistance, or in the form of a partitioned resistance.

The latter option is more convenient for the blind, who, with a certain skill, can judge what range of sensitivity constants corresponds to each contact of the resistance switch 7. For example, you can have such ranges of constancy of the sensitivity threshold of the device: morning, afternoon, evening or Clearly, slightly overcast (or cloudy), heavy fog (or greater cloudiness), etc. With this kind of graduation, the blind will also have to take into account the factors that affect the environmental illumination, in particular, for daytime part — the coordinates of the point (geographic latitude and longitude) in which the device is intended to be used, the time of sunrise and sunset, the height or azimuth of the sun, daytime illumination (total and diffuse) depending on the height of the sun and the state of the sky, reflectivity and the brightness of the objects of the landscape, the weather component, depending on meteorological conditions and, above all, on the number and nature of clouds, and in cloudless weather, on the azimuth and height of the sun, etc.

 As shown in FIG. 2, the photocell 2, with which the orientation is performed, is directed in an oriented direction and provided with a focusing lens 5, and the additional photocell 6, with which the constancy of the sensitivity threshold is maintained, is directed mainly vertically and equipped with a matte

lens 5, which serves to more uniform illumination of the photocell and protect it from blinding. Direct sunlight.

Setting the resistance 7 to a certain value ensures that, all other things being equal, the maintenance of the constancy of the sensitivity threshold of the device in a certain range of changes in the ambient light.

Indeed, when the illumination of the environment changes, the threshold of the instrument should also change. However, for example, when the ambient light level is increased, the voltage drop at the terminals of the photocell 2 increases. The resistance of the photocell 6 decreases in this case, which ultimately compensates for the voltage drop at the terminals of the photocell 2 (and the lamp 4) and thus ensures (with the help of resistance 7) the constancy of the sensitivity threshold of the device in a certain range of changes in the ambient light.

Subject invention

A photovoltaic device for orienting the blind with the use of a relaxation generator powering the telephone by changes in pitch, judging the presence of an obstacle darkening a motion-oriented photocell, characterized in that in order to ensure a constant sensitivity threshold of the device for various outdoor illumination applied an additional upward photocell connected in the circuit of the relaxation generator parallel to the charge resistance, the change in resistance to In addition, when changing the ambient light, it will compensate for the change in the resistance of the main photocell caused by the same reason.

FIG. one

FIG. 2