SU694887A1 - Arrangement for the demonstration of the periodic system of elements of d.i. mendeleev - Google Patents

Description

- The invention is fire related to the field of textbooks and intended to demonstrate and study the periodic law of DI Mendeleev. The aim of the invention is to provide an overview of the presentation and to simplify the learning process. The goal is achieved by the fact that the device has a display unit of the atomic and periodic structure of chemical elements, a step finder drive unit, a step finder with contact fields, diode decoders, a power supply unit, a negative valence switching unit, a switch, a time relay , block | digital indicators, relays, cartoon switch, converter of the position code to the positional decimal code and buttons, with the block of the demonstration board of the atom structure through the first diode the encoder is connected to the first and-second contact fields of the step finder, which are connected to each other via relay contacts, the second contact field of the step finder electrically connected via the converter of the positional code to the positional tenth code of the digital indicators, as well as through the unit the periodic system of chemical elements and the second diode decoder - with the third contact field of the step finder, which through the switch is connected to the time relay, while the time relay is connected to the unit when Not only is the step finder, and the first button is connected to the power supply unit, which is connected to the stepper finder drive unit, and the time relay is connected to the power supply unit, turn on the negative valence, and also to the multiplier, which is electrically connected to the relay, one of the contacts of the relay through the switch is connected to a time relay. FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of a pre-packed device; in fig. 2 - ta.blo structure of the atom; in: FIG. 3 is a diagram of the compounds of the lampe mpe of the first two orbits of the scoreboard of the structure of an atom with a diode capacitor and contacts of a decade step finder; in fig. 4 is a diagram of the connections of lamps of the third orbit of an atomic structure with a diode decoder, contacts of a step finder and contacts of a negative valence switching relay; in fig. 5 is a diagram of the connection of the diode descrambler with the lamps of the periodic table display by DI Mendeleev (shown partially). Structurally, the device contains a demonstration board / periodic table of chemical elements of DI Mendelesva (PS), a demonstration board 2 atomic structures (CA), a remote control panel and an automation unit, which will be discussed below. A demo panel of a periodic system of chemical elements is a display case of transparent material with a periodic system, each cell of which with O | br: at its side has an individual lamia of illumination ("and Fig. 5 lamps denoted by the corresponding elements of the ENT and the same system). Since individual cells are also supplied with cells of the number of periods, rows and groups of elements, the scoreboard contains 104 + 31 135 lamps. The demo-structural scoreboard (atomic structures (Fig. 2) is a display case of nBpPM material, which shows the structure of an atom with the maximum possible number of electron orbits 3 (seven orbits in total). In each electron orbit there are red bulbs 4, symbolizing electrons (shown in the drawing as bright circles). The number of these lamines on each orbit (equal to the maximum possible number of electrons for a given orbit. Thus, on the orbit - 2 red a | M points, on the second - 8, a third d 18, on the fourth - 32, on the fifth - 32, on the sixth - 10, on the seventh - 2. On the second to sixth orbits there are also blue light bulbs 5, symbolizing the ability of the atoms of the elemite to irish into their orbit additional electrons, i.e., the negative valence of the elements (shown as dark circles in the drawing). Thus, in the second orbit there are two blue light bulbs (the oxygen valence is negative), in the third - two (sulfur and chlorine), in the fourth - three (mouse, selenium, bromine), on the second - two (tellurium, iodine), on the sixth - one (astatine). In the center of the electron orbits 3, the bright circle 6 is depicted on the panel, symbolizing the nucleus of the atom. In the center of this circle - the core there are three digital binders 7 (for example, HH-12 lamps), designed to highlight the sequence number of the element shown (aar d ri). The remote control unit is designed for remote control of the device and includes a telephone dialer for selecting the demonstration element and setting the device operation, as well as the switch 3 (ph1) 1 "Switching on metals, non-metals and amphoteric connections, button 9 -" Switching on the negative Values and button 10 “Reset. Blo, to automatics is constructively located in, the idea of a separate node and connected to a display board and zero control with the help of cables. The avtomatics block includes the following nodes (Fig. 1): power supply 11, stepper finder 12, stepper finder drive device 13, diode decoders 14 and 15, position code to position decider 16, time relay 17 and relay 18 includes a positive valence. In the proposed device, it is advisable to use a decade-wise step-down device (for example, DSHI-OO type) having a three-section contact pin (a, b, c. Section a and b (Fig. 1) through a common diode decoder 14 are connected to board 2 CA (electrical circuit connections are shown in Fig. 3, 4). At the same time, contacts of section b of contact zero DSHI are connected directly to the board / PS lamps and to the inputs of converter 16 of the POSITIONAL code to the positional decimal code, whose outputs, in turn, are connected to cathodes digital indicators 7 boards 2 A. Section of the contact field DSHI is connected to the power source // via contacts 19 of relay 20, switch 8 pzlt control and contact of time relay 17. Section b is connected to the source of titanium // via switch 8 of the control panel and contacts of time relay 17. Section contacts from the contact field DSHI through a diode decoder 15 (the electrical circuit is shown in Fig. 5) is connected to the panels of board 1 PS. Power supply 11 is connected to the DSHI section via switch 8 of the control panel and time relay 17. In addition to the TOiro, to the source pita and coupled multivibrator 21 operates in the self-oscillating mode, the output of which is incorporated relay 20. The drive apparatus 13 DSHI connected to a power source through knoiku // 10 "Reset control console. To the input circuit of the drive device 13 DSHI connected pulse contact 22 dialer. A bypass pin 23 of the dialer is connected to time relay 17 and controls its start. Through the button 9 of the control panel, ten / 8 relays are connected to the power source, controlling the switching on of these lamps of this color, symbolizing the negative valence of the elements. An individual relay is used to turn on each of these lamps, the KOTopoiro switching circuit is shown in FIG. 4. The teacher has the opportunity, holding a small remote control in his hands, to move around the whole class and demonstrate to students the structure of the periodic system of D. I. Mendeleev and the structure of atoms of various elements. To do this, use the remote control's telephone dialer and keys. You must dial various codes. The device allows the demo, the following.

1. Metals, non-metals and amphoteric compounds.

To do this, you first need to turn on the remote control ON switch 8 "Turn on metals, non-metals and amphoteric compounds, and then dial." Odes.

When typing "11, the lamps of all ocHOiBHHx elements of the first | VOY group light up and the indicating elements (Li, Na ...) are highlighted on the PS board. "00 - bulbs of side elements of the first group (bulbs of the main elements go out)," 12 - the main elements of the second group are highlighted, "21 - side elements of the second group, etc." 18 - inert gases.

To illuminate non-metals, it is necessary to dial "od" 22, metals - "25, elements forming amphoteric compounds -" 30.

2. Periods and series of elements.

Panrimer, when dialing the code "04, the fourth row of elements is highlighted," 05 is the fifth row, "45 is the fourth period, etc.

When elements are shown in groups, respectively, each group displays a square of higher valence with respect to oxygen (higher oxide) and hydrogen (volatile hydrogen compounds).

3. Separate elements and the structure of their atom.

Switch 8 needs to be returned to its original state, and using the dialer to dial the sequence number of the interesting element.

For example, “16 is sulfur. This element is highlighted on the PS scoreboard, and the following occurs on the SA scoreboard. On the first orbit, two red lamps 4 light up, eight on the second, and they are constantly hot, and on the third, six red lamps, which symbolize the highest positive valence of this element, flash.

When you press button 9, “Turning on the negative valence on the third orbit, the six red lamps stop flashing and remain constantly warm, but (two blue lights that symbolize the negative sulfur valence turn on and flash. Simultaneously IB: in the center of the circle -6 on the digital indicators 7 the charge of the nucleus is displayed, i.e. the number of protons of this element.

When typing "57 on the SA board, the structure of the lanthanum atom is shown, and on the PS board, the cell" 57 and the whole row of lanthanides are highlighted.

By typing "89 pattern, actinides are similarly repeated and flashes, etc.

These operations in the device are carried out as follows.

For the demonstration of metals, non-metals and amphoteric compounds on the console

Controls 1 On / Off Switch 8 to dial the desired code. In this case, the LLR is set to the position corresponding to the selected code. Paprnmer, dial the code "And, on the scoreboard PS light up

0 lamps of the main elements of the first group. The power supply to these lamps comes through the following circuit: "-f power source // (Fig. 1) - time relay contacts 17 - switch .5 - section with .contact

The DSHI / 2 floor is a diode decoder / 5-Ш | Ина "11 diode decoder (Fig. 5) and through the corresponding diodes - lamps P (hydrogen), Li, Na, K -" ground - power source. The bus // in FIG. 5 corresponds to the selected code and the step finder lamella, also corresponding to this code. Pa figs. 5 also shows the corresponding codes "25," 12, "22. Tires "01," 02, "03," 45 correspond

5 to the first - fourth periods of the PS board and are connected with the corresponding lamella of the contact -fields of the chipboard.

To turn on the scoreboard, the CA switch 8 is returned to its initial state and

The dialer dials the sequence number of the element of interest in the periodic system. For example, the element "5 - bor. The power supply to the SA board lamps is supplied through the following circuit (Fig. I): “+, power supply source 5 — time relay contact 17 — switch 8 — contact 19, —shield section of the DSHI field; At the same time, power is supplied to section b of the circuit: “+ power supply, 11 — switch” 8 — section b of the contact field DSHI (in Fig. 3, 4, common section brushes are also indicated ai b). Since the power supply 1a section a comes through the contact 19 of the relay 20, controlled by the multivibrator 21,

5 then the lamps powered by a (fig. 3) will flash. When the DSHI contacts in sections a and b, corresponding to the fifth element of the table (V-Bor), are closed, the following lamps will be lit on this bar, SA: two red lamps along the circuit in the first bar: common bus of section b - contact DSHI B- diode 24 - lamp 25 - body and diode 26 - lamp 27 - body. In the second orbit, the vehicle is equipped with three flashing lamps along the circuit: o-b55 is the busbar of section a (it feeds through

multivibrator) - -contact In - lamp

28 - housing - diode 29 - lamp 30 -

housing - diode 31 - lamp 32 - housing.

Element "16 - sulfur. Pa scoreboard SA

Claims (1)

60 should have two red lamps on the first orbit, 5 - on the second, 6 - on the third, which are flashing, symbolizing positive valence. When you press button 9, the six red lamps of the third orbit should be constantly lit and two blue lamps begin to flash, symbolizing the negative valsity (). The lamps are ignited as follows (i, 4). The lamps of the first and second orbits are covered with a constant voltage arriving at section b through the DSHI S contact (sulfur), diode 55 and later (the transition to the diagram of Fig. 3 is shown through point d) on the lamps of the second and first orbits (FIG 3). Six llamas (n of the third orbit are lit by a pulsing voltage m across the circuit (Fig. 4): section a thickness - contact S DSHI - normally closed contact 34 relay 18 - lamp 35 - housing - diode 3.6 - lamp 57 - corpus etc. all six lamps. To show the negative negative valence of sulfur, they have a knock 9. At the same time, no change in the light chain of the lamps of the first and second orbits occurs, but the same lamps of the third orbit are implemented the following chain (flg. 4): sewed section. and b - contact S - normally open contact. 38 relay / 5. and then talk about red lamps of the third orbit The constant voltage is switched on at the same time: busbar section a - contact S - normally open coactant 39 relay 18 - diode 40 are filled with pulsating voltage blue lamps 4l L 42 (negative valence S). Simultaneously with the demonstration of the structure of the atom on the SA board, a cell corresponding to the demo element is displayed; on the board, PS (for example, Mg) - tags (box 4): section b - co. contact Mg DSHI - diode 43 and non-radioactive to lamp .Mg (FIG. five). The potential points of the PS board's lamp are connected to the inputs of the transducer of the 16-position code into the positional decimal code for controlling the digits: Tyr | And indicators 7, the symbol of the atom, the number of protons 3, or the sequence number of the demo item. At the end of the demo of the selected item (or period, row, etc., etc.). Press the button 10 "Reset and the finder brushes return to their original position. Time relay 17, included in the power supply circuit of the contact LH DSHI and digital indicators 7, disables the power supply of the display boards and digital indicators during dialing the code by the dialer and the output of the DSHI at a predetermined position, as well as to the initial position. The time relay is turned on by the numbered pin 23 of the number and the button 7 (Reset. Time delay. Selectable so that DSHI has time to take a given position or return to its original position. This eliminates random flashing of the lamles on both the scoreboard and digital indicators during the conclusion of the DSHI to a given position. or in the original position. The formula of the invention. The device. Demonstration of the periodic law of DI Mendeleev, characterized in that, in order to imperceptibly present, to understand the learning process, it has oxides of the demonstration of the structure of the atom and of the ierio.D. system of chemical elements, the drive shaft unit of the shpovogo, the jumper, the step finder with contact numbers, the diode diffusers, the power supply unit, the switch-on unit of negative valence, switch, time relay, unit digital indicators, relays, a multivibrator, a converter of a positional code into a positional decimal code and a knol. C) And, at the same time, display a block of the power of the atom through the left diode of the digger connected to the first and second contact fields .n shchikovogo finder, which are connected to each other through the contacts of the relay, and the second contact field of the schagovogo finder through a lozi.tsio transducer, a new code into a positional decimal code is electrically connected with a block of digital indicators, as well as through the unit of the periodic system of chemical elements and the second diode descrambler - with the third contact field of the X-ray finder, which through the switch to the time relay, LR, and this relay is connected to the unit of the X-ray seeker drive, and through the first button c blo a lithuani source, which is connected to the sparking searcher's lr power unit, and a time relay is connected via a button to the negative voltage switch, and to a multifibrator, which is electrically connected to the relay, and one of the relay contacts is connected to time relay W (rig.Z Hg) N Hmowsct srig.Z Th