SU682223A1 - Machine for extracting stones from round fruits - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to the canning industry and is intended to remove pits from cherries, sweet cherries and other round shaped fruits.

A device for removing pits from round-shaped fruits is known, which includes a bed, a feed hopper with a flap, a multi-position matrix, a punch with rods for punching out pits, a plate with pushers and trays for peeled fruits and pits 1.

The disadvantage of it is that the synchronous operation of the punch and the matrix is disturbed in it and their alignment is not ensured, which leads to the breakdown of fetal memory without removing the stones.

In order to increase the reliability of separation of the bones from the pulp, a rectangular frame with transverse scrapers is located in the horizontal plane between the loading hopper and the matrix, and a cam-lever mechanism mounted on the frame is installed with the possibility of interaction with the hopper gate.

The upper surface of each ejector is concave.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a device, axonometrics; in fig. 2 given the working part of the device, the cut; in fig. 3 shows the discharge hopper and the loading / unloading tray.

A device for removing bones from

round-shaped fruits, such as cherries and cherries, include a bed 1, a hopper 2, a rectangular frame 3 with scrapers, a multi-position matrix 4, a plate 5 with ejectors, a punch 6 with

sterling, tray 7 for peeled fruits; tray 8 for stones. Over the entire width of matrix 4, in a staggered pattern, are holes of conical-cylindrical shape. The upper part of the hole has a conicity not exceeding 10 °, the lower part is cylindrical, step. The diameter of the upper cylindrical part of the hole is selected according to the average diameter of the calibrated fruit to be processed on the specified matrix. With this shape of the hole, the small-sized fruit (within the calibrated batch of fruits) falls to the bottom of the hole, and a fruit of larger diameter is fixed by the conical part of the die hole. The depth of the conical part of the matrix holes is assumed to be 2-3 mm larger than the diameter of the maximum fruit within the calibrated batch. This form and

the size of the holes is taken in order to

exclude more than one fruit from entering into one hole.

Inside the holes of the die, ejector holders are mounted for movement in a vertical plane. B, the pushers are fixed on a common plate 5. The outer diameter of the pusher collar is equal to the inner diameter of the die 4 in the upper wider part, and the pusher outer diameter below the centering shoulder is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical part of the die in the lower part. In this case, the conjugate surfaces of the pushers and the holes of the die are made but slidably seated.

The pushers in the upper part have a concave shape for better centering of the fetus with a maximum depth of 1.5-2.0 mm. The holes in the ejector have a diameter in the upper part that is 2–3 mm larger than the diameter of the seeds separated from the fruit, and in the lower part the diameter of the holes is increased for unhindered passage of the stones into the hopper 8.

The plate with ejectors is moved by means of a cam 9 driven in rotation from a common drive. The cam is shaped in such a way that, when lifting the ejector, their upper edges cannot rise above the plane of the die. From the upper position to the lower plate with ejectors it returns under the action of springs 10 mounted on common guides 11.

Above the die there is a punch 6 with rods fixed in it. The rods are mounted coaxially with holes in the die.

The downward movement of the punch with rods is carried out by means of a cam 12, driven by a common drive, and the reverse movement takes place under the action of springs 13 mounted on common guides for the punch, plate and die.

In order to remove the fruits remaining on the cores of the punch, there is a cutter 14 fixed on the guideways 11 and made in the form of a sheet with holes coaxially with the openings of the matrix.

The rightmost scraper of the rectangular frame 3 serves to unload the fruit from the surface of the matrix into tray 7, and the remaining scrubbers of frame 3 that divide it into sections serve to evenly load the nests of the matrix with fruits.

The frame performs a reciprocating motion relative to the matrix surface, moving in the grooves of the guides with the help of a cam 15 driven from the common drive of the device and interacting with the rollers 16 and 17 of the tray frame.

On the sides of the frame rigidly reinforced levers 18 with rollers.

The hopper, equal to the width of the matrix, has a movable spring-loaded gate 19 and contacts 20.

The device works as follows.

The pre-calibrated and fruitless stems come from the feeding conveyor into the hopper 2, the valve 19 of which is in the closed state.

The cam 15 driven from the common drive of the device enters the time limit with the roller 16 and moves it and the frame 3 associated with it to the extreme left position for loading. When this frame is moved, the rollers of the levers 18 come into contact with the gate 19, which, turning around the fixed axis, opens the contacts 20, as a result, the feeding conveyor stops and the fruit stops in the bunker 2. The valve 19 opens the bunker 2, from which Fruits step 5 into sections of frame 3 moving under the hopper. After reaching the leftmost position for loading, frame 3 is in a state for some time until cam 15, coming out of contact with gear 16, comes into contact with roller 17, after which the frame with fruits begins to move to the right in the direction of the matrix. In this case, the lever 18 comes out of contact with the hopper flap, which, under the action of a spring, returns to its original position, closes the opening of the hopper. After the opening of the bunker is completely blocked, the contacts 20 are closed again and the conveyor drive is activated, which supplies the next batch of fruit to the bunker 2. Continuing its movement in the direction of the matrix (working zone), frame 3 moves to a position above the matrix. In doing so, the fruit transported by the scrapers 5 meet in their path the holes of the matrix located in a checkerboard pattern and fall into them. By the time the tray moves to the extreme right position, all the fruits transported by it pass through the perforated area of the matrix and partially fall into the holes. During the return stroke, the remaining fruits on the surface fall into the free, unfilled holes, while 5 a high degree of filling of the holes is achieved. That part of the fruit, which still remained on the surface, is brought out by the scrapers of the tray to the loading zone.

Immediately after the frame 3 leaves the working zone, under the action of the cam 12, the punch 6 with the rods is lowered to its lowest position, thus knocking out the bones, which through the holes in the tubular pushers fall into the tray 8. After removing the stones, the punch

with the rods, under the action of the springs 13, they return to their original position, while those fruits that, after removal of the bones, rise together with the rods, separate from them upon contact with the cutter 14 and fall on the surface of the matrix 4.

Simultaneously with the lifting of the punch 6 with the rods, the plate with the pushers 5 starts to rise under the action of the cam 9. The ejectors rise to the level of the plane of the matrix, and this brings the fruit to the level of the surface of the matrix. With further rotation of the cam, the ejector pushes out in the highest position.

Frame 3, which was withdrawn to its original position for loading, is filled with a new batch of fruits and, after lifting the ejectors, moves into the working area above the matrix, feeding a new batch of fruits for processing. With the feeding of the fruit for processing, the frame 3 by the outer plane with the first extreme right scraper moves the processed fruits located on the surface of the matrix towards tray 7. At the moment when all processed fruits are dropped into tray 7, the cam 9 comes out of contact with the plate 5 with ejectors and under the action of the springs 10, the pusher plate returns to the lower position.

Frame 3, continuing to move to the right position (to the working area), moves the fruit to a position above the matrix, loading a new batch of fruit into the conic-cylindrical holes of the matrix. Then the frame is moved to its original position for loading, carrying the fruits remaining on the surface of the matrix and at the same time filling the free holes of the matrix. The feed tray is filled with fruit, and the processing cycle is repeated.

Technical and economic efficiency

The proposed device is

increase in the quality of fruit processing,

reducing the loss of raw materials and improving the reliability of the device.

Claims (2)

1. A device for removing bones from round-shaped fruits, including a frame, a loading hopper with a flap, a multi-position matrix, a punch with rods for knocking out stones, a plate with ejectors and trays for cleaned fruits and pits, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of separation of pits from the pulp, between the hopper and the matrix is movable in the horizontal plane rectangular frame with transverse scrapers, and on the frame is mounted a cam-lever mechanism installed with the possibility of interaction with the gate of the loading hopper. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of each ejector is made concave. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Dinis M. Ya., Malsky A. N. Technological equipment of canneries. M., Publishing House "Food Industry, 1969, p. 269-273. sixteen / / P