SU66755A1 - Electrolyzer for producing light metals - Google Patents

Description

Most light metals are mainly produced by the electrolysis of the salts of these metals, dissolved in any molten substance. At the same time, other metals, more often gases, are obtained from the metal. So, for example, metal magnesium chloride and gaseous chlorine are produced in the electrolysis of magnesium chloride, and calcium metal in the electrolysis of calcium chloride and chlorine.

When designing electrolyzers, it is necessary to ensure sufficiently complete separation of the electrolysis products in order to avoid their chemical interaction and to make the best use of both electrolysis products. One of the ways to isolate electrolysis products is to install a diaphragm between some of the aerated substances between the electrodes, as was the case, for example, in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride. However, in the electrolysis of molten salts of light metals, this apochemum has not been applied due to the rapid destruction of such diaphragms.

Some use has found the device of various partitions.

sometimes called iris diaphragms. Such baffles are usually installed between the vertically arranged working surfaces of the cathode and the anode and are located above them. However, for a more complete separation of the electrolysis products with this method, it is necessary to maintain a sufficiently large distance between the electrodes during electrolysis, which causes a voltage drop of 1 on the terminals of the electrolyzer and, therefore, 1H10 (YOU).

The electrolyzer proposed by the present invention allows for complete separation of the electrolysis products and allows the process to be carried out at very short electropolar distances (which significantly reduces the specific energy consumption.

The electrolyzer is of the type of apparatus with a rotating body and is distinguished by the fact that the electrodes, separated by partitions, are fixed in a fixed bell. The latter, together with the electrodes and partitions, is immersed in the electrolyte, under which the layer of molten metal or alloy is pacnoja.

There is a cathode of contact in the electrolyzer, equipped with a device for automatically lifting it up as the metal is deposited.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of the electrolyzer, and “a fcg. 2 - view of the cell from above.

The electrolyzer consists of two parts: the fixed bell 1, the edge 2 of which is immersed in the electrolyte 5. and the rotating around its vertical axis of the cylindrical body 4 with the molten metal alloy Al 5. The partitions 6 are immersed in the electrolyte and are designed to separate the cathode space from the anode. Anodes 7 (three anodes are shown in Fig. 2, but their number depends on the force the electrolyzer is designed for) are made of a material that does not undergo anodic dissolution in an electrolyte, for example, coal or graphite. The cathode can be arranged differently: in the case of the electrolysis of light M metals, which do not dissolve them in the electrolyte, the cathode can be served by a double-core or plate made of tax-conducting material that does not react with this light metal. For example, .PRI | In electrolysis, plates are made from lselez.

NDs (cathode precipitates of metals that dissolve in an electrolyte, such as calcium in calcium chloride, must be applied to the cathode 8 C01 in contact with the device for automatically lifting it, as the electrolysis proceeds and the metal is deposited on the cathode. Such a device serve screw 9, driven by 1B movement of electric motor using an appropriate transmission.

During electrolysis, the surface is a melted metal.

The alloy, moving under the anodes, is enriched with a corresponding light metal, which is released on the cathode by further movement. Thus, due to the movement of the housing 4, the light metal is transferred from the anodic part of the bath, hermetically compacted and filled with an anode gas, to the cathode part separated from the anodic with a hydraulic gate formed by the edges 2 of the bell / l partition 6.

The secret principle of the electrolysis device creates the complete tightness of the anode space, which ensures the production of highly concentrated anode gases. The horizontal arrangement of the working surfaces of the cathode 8, anodes 7 and alloy 5 allows to maintain a small interpolar distance, due to the voltage of the electrolyzer and the specific energy consumption is low.

The rotating housing of the proposed electrolyzer may be in a boiler or shut off, which makes it more convenient. Servicing.

Subject invention

Claims (2)

1. Electrolyzer for producing light metals from their molten salts using rotating Kopnjca, characterized in that the electrodes 7 and S, separated by re-chargeings 6, are fixed in a fixed bell 1 immersed together with partitions by electrodes into the electrolyte, under which a layer of molten metal is located or alloy. 2. In the electrolyzer according to claim 1, use a contact cathode 8 provided with a method for automatically lifting it up as the metal is deposited.