SU629314A1 - Automatic machine for lowering-lifting operations during drilling - Google Patents

Claims (2)

The invention relates to devices for automating launch and lift operations in a storm used in the oil and gas industry.  Known drilling rigs, the content of chain hoists for the movement of elevators, the mechanisms of connection-disconnection of pipes, their device; filing and laying in the store M.  In such installations, the lifting speed of the column is limited not only by the time of unscrewing the threaded connection with a key, but also by the cycle time% ia of moving the mechanics of the disconnection connected to the chain to periodically place them in their original position.  The drilling installation is also known, containing two elevators (upper and lower) on carriages, a breaker for threaded connections on the lower elevator housing, a key and a mechanism for lifting a detached pipe to the top of the carriage above the upper elevator 1, a candle-blowing device with candlesticks pj.  When lifting the column with the lower elevator, the straightener breaks the threaded connection of the upper pipe with the column, the upper loaded elevator. At this time, it descends, slows down, stops, rises, catches up with it, the lower elevator, after which the weight of the column is transferred to the upper elevator.  Then, the lower elevator opens and, with acceleration, moves down, slowing down at its extreme lower position.  By the moment when the weight of the column is transferred to the upper elevator, the upper threaded connection is loosened and a key on the upper carriage enters the work, which unscrews the upper pipe by the time the upper end reaches its upper extreme position by the upper elevator toward the candle-giving device and then c) candlesticks. . By the time the upper pipe is disconnected, the lower left reaches its lower extreme position, stops and starts moving upwards, then captures the column, simultaneously with the upper elevator, takes on the weight of the column, enters the work of the breaker-breaker threaded connections.  The upper elevator frees the convoy and begins to move down until it encounters the lower elevator, and so on 62 more.  When descending a column of operation. Reversed.  The maximum speed and continuous shut-down at such a device is avna to the course of the upper elevator, divided by the time of screwing-up of klk. lock connection.  This can be explained by the fact that the descent-field of the column is realized by two lifting devices, alternately descending the columns (by sweeping) the column, therefore, the screwing-unscrewing of the lock joint must be completed by the moment of interception of the transfer of the weight of the column from the single lifting device.  Therefore, the operation of siynvpi-ravivanivanie limits the possibility of a rational increase in the mobility of lifts, limiting the increase in the lifting speed of the drill string.  With this eleaa. The tori are rigidly connected to their carriages, the control is carried out by complying with a strict sequence of operations, which is possible with very small divergences of drill pipe lengths and requires a high-precision trace of systems for speed control and the position of the silos when transferring the weight of the column from one to another.  In practice, this will cause the automatic system to fail and the transition to separation of the mechanisms' operation F is possible with irgoglueney P5 control; which ultimately leads to increased down time costs. chya operation.  , The purpose of the invention is to develop an automatic machine for the launching of drilling operations, which allows / unbroken the unaligned descent of the drill string.  This is achieved by the fact that the machine has an additional carriage with a key placed on the junction above the upper elenator, the key being provided with a hydraulic barrel that is installed with the possibility of horizontal movement relative to the carriage.  Due to the location of the key over the BepxHsiM elevator in the machine, the necessity of completing the evolving-development of the lock-in line at the time of transferring the weight of the drill string from one lift machine to another is eliminated.  Unscrewing begins after the initial fastening of the locking-joint. He was finished with a pittelle distributor, a us-gantry at the lower elevator, and continued at.  the rise. Ie of the drill string by this elevator, transfer of the weight of the column to the upper elevator and lifting it last.  It is an understanding that, under equal conditions, during a 1inch of wake-up unscrewing of a castle, a path equal to two turns of the elevator has been traversed.  Consequently, o6e accelerates the non-irregular start-up twice.  FIG.  . 1 schematically shows the red Lagaem EY machine, general view; on ig.  2 - additional top and key with grip; in fig.  3 Upper carriage with an elevator; on the game; 4 shows the basic hydraulic control scheme of the elevator and hydraulic stops; in fig.  Figure 5 shows the lower carriage of the elevator, the general view, and the secondary fastener on it.  The automatic machine for tripping in drilling consists of a tower 1, carrying in the upper part a microblock platform with cronblocks 2.  On rigid guides 3, carriage 4 with key 5 and its grip 6, carriage with upper elevator 8 and carriage with lower elevator 10 and under fastener raiser, are coaxially and movably mounted from top to bottom and each of the carriages 4, 7 and 9 has its own drive in c. The idea of the lift, which for example, can be one of the drums 12, 13 and 14 of the three-drum winch. .  Each drum is connected to one of the carriages 4, 7, and 9 by a rope through the crown block 2 and, accordingly, is equipped with a device, an automatic activation, deactivation and control of the speed of their rotation.  Automatic control systems (not shown) of the braking torques on the brake pulleys of the drums 12, 13 and 1-4 are made as electro-hydraulic using shoe brakes 15.  On the top 1, a candle feeding device 16 is installed, which has two feeding clauses. Rotary levers 17 for circular installation of candles into candle boxes (upper 18 and lower 19), Pickup body 20 of each lever 17 can be moved horizontally parallel to the axis of movement of the latter and vertically parallel to the axis of the well.  The rotor 21 of the drilling machine is movable in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the well.  The carriage 4, on which the key 5 is installed, is provided with rollers 22, which hold it in direction of the KVDN 3 tower 1.  The key 5 is provided with a gripper, which can be moved along the directions 23 of the carriage 4 in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction relative to the carriage towards the gripping device 20 of the candlestick of the device 16 with hydrocyliidra 24. through the gear-re. Mechanism 25.  All the mechanisms of the wrench 5, the gripper 6, the gearbox 26 and the hydraulic motor 27, are mounted in a movable body 28, which is vertically balanced when, for example, with counterweights 29.  By means of the above mentioned devices, the device holds the candle on weight and is screwed and unscrewed.  The operation of the carriage 4 and the key 5 with the gripper b and the control of the operations performed are carried out using sensors 30-38 installed on the carriage 4 and the movable body 28 of the key 5 and on the guides 3 of the tower 1.  Sensor 30 monitors the presence of a candle lock in the wedge j; e b ,. The sensor 31 controls the position of the wedge grip b on the well axis or on the axis of the gripping bodies 2 of the candle-feeding device 16, the sensor 32 serves to control the opening of the wedge: grip 6, and the sensor to control the vertical sweep of the wedge grip 6 of the key 5.  Commands for transferring the preset speed of the carriage 4 with upward and downward movement are performed by sensors 34 and 35; the instructions for stopping the carriage 4 in the extreme upper and lower positions are sensors 36 and 37, and the command to close the gripping body 20 of the candlestick of the device 16 when receiving the candle from the gripper 6 of the key 5 is the sensor 38.  A carriage 7 with an elevator 8, connected to the drum 13, is provided with rollers 39 which hold it in the guides 3 of the towers 1, the Elevator 8 consists of self-wedging gripper 40 and hydraulically controlled stops 41 located in the movable body 42, having the ability horizontal and vertical moving along the 43 axle direction 7.  With vertical forward positioning, the movable body 42 is balanced, for example, with weights 44. In the direction perpendicular to the axis of the well, towards the installation of the driving rod (not shown) it is overgrown with hydraulic cylinders 45 through the rack-and-pinion mechanism 46 .  Moreover, the control of the hydraulic stops 47 is designed so that the housing 42 can either be at the lowest 8 or at the extreme upper positions relative to the carriage 7, or rigidly fixed relative to the latter.  An oil pump 48 with 13 DRIVES from the roller 49 through the reducer 50 is built into the carriage 7.  On rollers 49, the carriage 7 is suspended by means of a traveling cable passing through the crown block 2.  Masloia  The pump 48 supplies the working fluid from the oil tank 51 through the valve box 52, the filter 53 and the check valve 54 to the pneumohydraulic accumulator 55, the pressure value of which is controlled by the pressure gauge 56 and the pressure switch 57.  The reversible gold 58 with electrodynamic control directs the working fluid upon receipt of the corresponding electric signal in the cavity (rod or rodless) of the hydraulic cylinder 59, making the closure. or the opening of the elevator B, and for blocking at. closing the stock cylinder cavity 59 is placed on the hydraulic lock 60, and the pressure in it is controlled by the pressure switch 61.  The spool 62, with a corresponding electrical signal, controls a hydraulic lock 63, which connects the cavities under the hydraulic stops 47 with a capacity of 64 or locks it last, due to which the elevator 8 either moves relative to the carriage 7 or is fixed by hydraulic locks 63 relative to it.  The operation of the mechanisms of the carriage 7 and the control of the operations performed by them are carried out with the help of sensors 65-76 mounted on the carriage 7, on the movable body 42 and on the guides 3 and 1.  The sensor 65 monitors the presence in the elevator 8 of the nipple of the locking connection of the candle when it is seated in the thread of the descent column, the sensors 66 and 67 monitor the extreme (upper and lower) positions of the elevator 8 relative to the carriage 7, the sensor 68 controls the opening of the gripper 40 of the elevator 8, sensor 69 - monitoring the presence (absence) of movement of the elevator 8 relative to the carriage 7 and vice versa, sensor 70 monitoring the position of the elevator 8 in a horizontal position (either on the well axis or on the hole axis under the driving rod).  The xc lanes on the carriage stop 7 in the extreme upper and lower positions are carried out by sensors 71n72, xsmandy dl. go to set speed when lifting. and the descent of the carriage 7, the sensors 73 and 7-4, the command for activating the spiking stops 41 in the column lifting mode — sensor.  75, and the command for moving the grip 6 of the key 5 is the sensor 76.  The carriage 9 with an elevator 10 and a breakaway caster 11 is also equipped with guide rollers 77 and retracts with pulleys 78.  In the housing 79 of the carriage 9, the housing 80 of the elevator 10 is installed, in which the column holding mechanism 81 on weight is placed, the mechanism 82 of fastening and folding of the lock joints and controlled stops 83, similar to the mechanism on the carriage 7.  Moreover, the case 80 of the elevator 10 with the mechanisms 81, 82 and 83 have the possibility of vertical movement relative to the carriage 9 and the balance sheet of hydraulic stops 84 and equilibrium (for example, loads 85).  The mechanisms 81, 82 and 3 are controlled by autonomous blocks (pumping and hydro-axes), which are on the carriage 7 with the appropriate electrical signals, and K (control of the sensors installed on the carriage 9, on the 80 elevator and on guides 3 out. 1, The carriage 9 itself, coupled to the drum 14, is controlled by an automatic on, off, and variable speed control of the drum.  The sensors 86 and 87 monitor the extreme (upper and lower) positions of the housing 80 of the elevator 10 with respect to the carriage 9, the sensor 88 controls the opening, (closing) of the wedge grip of the column holding mechanism 81 by weight, the sensor 89 monitors the presence (absence ) the movement of the movable body 80 relative to the seat 9.  Commands for stopping the carriage 9 in the extreme upper and lower positions of the sensors and sensors 90 and 91, commands for switching to the up and down sensors when moving the carriage 9 up and down sensors 91 and 93, the command to actuate the controlled stops 43 of the elevator 7 - sensor 94, Drilling rim automatic machine in relshme. Lifting the drill string, the initial position of the mechanisms; 1.  Candle-feeding device 16 - the gripping body 20 of one of the supplying pivotal: levers 17 is located on the transmission axis of the candle in its extreme upper position, opened, and its shed covers a gap with candle 2 ,.  The carriage 4 at a distance of 50 mm from the extreme upper position of the Kli of the new gripper 6 of the key 5 is on the axis of the transfer of the candle to the gripping org of 20 candles. of the device 16 in its lowest position relative to the carriage 4 and closed, holding the next candle, 3, Carriage 7 on the rig m from its extreme upper position. The Elevator 8 is closed, keeping the drill string on the weight, and is in the lowest position relative to elevator 7, 4; The carriage 9 is in its lowest position.  The movable body 80 of the elevator 10, and therefore, the mechanism.  . 81 pillars are kept in extreme position with respect to the housing 79 of the carriage 9, and the wedge is opened and the drill string is passed through the latter.  By KcMaim & from the control panel The raising of the drill string of the carriages 7 together with the drill string starts to move upwards, reaching the axis.  speed and impact. The sensor 75, Ooi ohm 1 of the latter, is driven by the controlled stops of the spider 10, which are affected by the end of the pin nipple of the magnetization of the candle.  At BTof-i, the cavities under hydro-propime are connected by a capacity of 64.  block hydraulics (see FIG.  4), which allows the subspecies casing 80 of the elevator 10: to move upward under the action of a candle relative to the casing 79.  The sensor is triggered. 87, at the command of which the carriage 9 begins to rise with the elevator 10 and the breaker securing unit 11, and the wedge grip of the mechanism 81 for holding the column to the shed is ejected. At the command from the console, simultaneously with the movement of the carriage 7, the carriage 4 begins to move downward with the next candle in the key 5 .  The descent of the carriage 4 with the key 5 and its grip 6 by a command from the sensor 35 slows down, and by a command from the sensor 38, the gripping body 20 of the candlestick device 16 closes.  Upon further downward movement of the carriage 4, the key 5 with the gripper 6 is displaced relative to the latter, and at the command of the sensor 33 the wedge gripper b is opened.  At the same time, the feeding rotary lever 17 of the candle feeding device 16 begins to move downward toward the candle canisters with the next candle, and the second feed lever 17, which installed the previous canister in the candle canisters, moves to the axis of the candle transfer.  At this time, the carriage 7 with the elevator 8 continues its upward movement at the optimum speed, and the carriage 9 with the elevator 10, connected through the candle to the carriage 7 by means of the column holding mechanism 81, is accelerated by an automatic adjustment system (SAR) with its lift to the optimum speed which is fixed by sensor 89.  At the command of the sensor 89 SAR lifting carriage 7 slows down the last.  In this case, the movable body 80, lifted by a candle relative to the body 79 of the carriage 9, is fixed by a command of the sensor 89 relative to the latter by blocking 63 hydraulic lines with an inter-capacitance 64 and cavities under the hydraulic ports 84 by means of locks.  The carriage 4, after transferring the candle to the gripping bodies 20 of the candle-feeding device 16, continues to go down at the set speed. Before sensor 37, at the end, the latter stops in its extreme position, while the gripper 6 of the key 5 is moved to the axis of the well and fixed.  After braking, carriage 7 begins to move at a slower speed than elevator 8, which continues to rise at optimum speed by the carriage. 9 thanks to their tight connection through the candle.  The relative movement of the carriage 7 of the elevator 8 is detected by the sensor 69 and, at the command of the last self-closure 5, the void 40 of the elevator 8 is opened.  After that, the carriage 7 with the element 8, according to a signal from the sensor 68, starts accelerated. moving down towards the carriage 9, and the movable body 80 slowly lowers to an extremely low position relative to the carriage 9 under the action of its own. the height of the raised drill string, disabling sensor 87.  The relative movement of the movable body 80 to the carriage 9 becomes possible when the hydraulic locks 63 are opened by the command of the sensor 68, since the container 64 is connected to the cavities under the hydraulic stops 84, on which the working fluid is displaced.  Elevator 8 with self-locking screw 40 gripping it after opening in a similar manner lowers itself to its lowest position under its own weight, disabling sensor 67. Mechanism 82 for attaching and unlocking locking joints fixed on carriage 9 locks the next locking joint.  The upper free end of the raised drill string enters the grip 6 of the key 5 and, resting against the spring-loaded stop 95, lifts the movable key case-28 relative to the carriage 4, which is fixed by the sensor 33.  On command, the Kli closes the b grip, turns on the hydraulic motor 27 of the key 5 for unscrewing and the SAR of the winch lift of the carriage 4 for its acceleration to the optimum speed of the lifting drill string.  The carriages 4 and 9 begin to move synchronously, and unscrewing the candle at its upper end with key 5 continues with.  With 3Tcw, the carriage 7 with the elevator 8 is braked by the commands of the sensors 74 and 72 and stops in its lowest position.  A moving carriage 9 with a raised drill string is encountered with a stationary carriage 7 and an elevator 8.  At.  This impact energy is absorbed by hydraulic buffers 96, and the outward displacement of the elevator 8 and carriage 7 is recorded by the sensor 67. At the command of the last, self-closing of the grippers 40 and acceleration of the carriage 7 with elevator 8 are detected.  On the output of the carriage 7 on the nominal speed of the lifted drill string signals the sensor 69 (with a relative speed of the Elevator 8 and the carriage 7 is equal to zero).  At the command of this sensor, the elevator 8 is fixed to the carriage 7 by means of hydraulic locks 63 in the described manner and the carriage 9 is braked.  As soon as the candle is unscrewing with the key 5, the carriage 4 starts to rise quickly.  In this case, key 5 carries a candle in its gripping bodies 6.  When leaving the elevator 8 of the lower end of the spark plug, the sensor 65 is triggered and, due to its comaid, the fixture 6 is moved and the grab 6 is moved with the spark plug to the axis of the gripping bodies 20 of the spark plug 16.  Braking the carriage 9 leads to the lifting of the movable body 80 relative to the body 79 under the action of the drill string lifted by the Elevator 8.  This triggers the sensor 87, which gives ksmandu on the disclosure of the wedge grip mechanism 81 uder. putting the column on weight and unlocking the elevator 8 relative to the carriage 7 by the method described earlier.  The elevator 8, under the action of the main weight of the raised drill string, slowly descends to its lowest position, turning off the sensor 67.  The carriage 9, according to a signal from the sensor 88, begins an accelerated downward movement to its original position, and the movable body 80 descends from its lowest position relative to the body.  79 (controlled by sensor 87).  At the command of the sensors. . 34 and 36, the carriage 4 and the key 5 with the candle are braked and stopped in the uppermost position, and at the command of the sensor 31, the gripper 6 is fixed on the axis of the gripping arms 20 of the branch device 16 and the descent of the carriage 4 is permitted.  The operation of the machine in the mode of descending the drill string occurs in reverse order.  Claims An automatic machine for tripping operations in drilling, carried out by continuous method f, comprising lifts with carriages on. guides, mounted on the carriages of the hoists, upper and lower elevators, additional breaker for threaded connections, key, candle-feeding device with a candle box, control sensors,. is different. In order to accelerate the descent of the drill string, it has an additional carriage with a key placed on the Btmie rails of the top e. the singer, and the key is provided.  and cylinder, installed with the possibility of horizontal displacement relative to the carriage.  Sources of information taken into account during the examination: 1. U.S. Patent 3,025,560, Cl.  1667. 5, 03. ten. 61.   2. US Patent E194313, cl. 1667 .5, 13.07.65. 2f .gis3S 1