SU613016A1 - Single-bucket excavator working equipment - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to the field of earthmoving machines of the type of single-bucket excavators, widely used in construction, and is aimed at improving the performance of excavators.

Various devices are known, such as pneumatic hammers or pneumatic hammers, which are mounted on an excavator bucket for forced reciprocating stirring, bucket teeth rigidly connected with hammer hammers, in order to activate the process of digging hard and frozen soils 1.

However, such a device, sushi, which naturally reduces the effort of digging the soil with an excavator bucket, does not provide a reduction in sticking or freezing of the soil to the bucket, and is also almost useless when working on wet sandy loams and loams, plastic clays and other soils. At the same time, when working on these soils with the traditional type of excavators, frequent bucket teeth breakage occurs when encountering stony and other solid inclusions.

It is also known to work equipment of a single-bucket excavator, including its boom, arm, bucket with teeth and flexible hoses connected to the fluid reservoir 2.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the need to install the bucket before applying a layer of grease during each digging cycle.

under the nozzle, which requires additional time and increases operator fatigue; uneven application of lubricant to the internal surface of the bucket due to non-uniform spraying of the liquid jet, especially in the presence of wind; the need to install an additional device on the excavator to remotely turn on the fluid supply to the nozzle at the time of installation of the bucket under it; poor lubricant quality due to liquid ingress to soil fragments remaining inside the bucket, in this case there is a layering of adhered or frozen soil; and similar reasons that make it difficult, impossible or impossible to work the known device.

The aim of the invention is to increase the productivity of the excavator, increase the empowerment of its working equipment and prevent sticking and freezing of the soil to the inner surface of the bucket.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the bucket is equipped with a cavity in the bottom, closed with a microporous plate, and the bucket tooth is equipped with piston pistons, while the iodine cavities are connected by means of a normally closed non-return valve with a cavity in the bottom of the bucket and by means of a normally open valve with a liquid tank.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a single-bucket excavator with working equipment (backhoe), general view; in fig. 2 - excavator bucket in section.

The working equipment of the single-bucket excavator consists of the boom 1, on which the handle 2 is mounted. The bucket 3, in turn, is attached to the latter, connected by a flexible hose 4 to a reservoir 5 filled with the working fluid and mounted on the rotary platform 6 of the excavator.

The excavator bucket 3 consists of an outer wall 7 and an inner wall 8 made of a microporous material. In the front part of the bucket 3, movable teeth 9 are installed, rigidly connected to pistons 10 installed in cylinders I. The pressure cavity of the cylinder I is connected to the cavity 12 of the bucket. The cylindrical spring 13 of the tooth is installed in the pressure cavity of the cylinder I. Between the pressure cavity of the cylinder 11 and the cavity 12 of the bucket, a normally closed check valve 14 with a spring 15 is installed, which prevents leakage of working fluid from the reservoir (tank) 5 at the time of performing operations not connected with digging the soil. At the inlet of the flexible hose 4 to the pressure chamber of the cylinder 11, a normally open non-return valve 16 with a spring 17 is installed, which ensures that the working fluid returns to the tank 5 when the piston 10 departs at the moment of digging.

The working equipment of the single-bucket excavator works as follows.

When digging the soil, the tooth 9 contacts with the medium, which causes the tooth 9 to move out (see Fig. 2) together with the piston 10 to the right, in the direction of compression of the spring 13. From the pressure chamber of the cylinder I, the working fluid under pressure of the piston 10 opens the valve 14 and enters In the bucket cavity 12, in the direction of arrows A. The liquid passes through the microporous inner wall 8 to the interface between two phases: the soil-metal. At the same time, the internal surface of the bucket 3 is in contact with the medium, the coefficient of ground friction on metal is reduced, and sticking of soil or freezing of soil to the inner surface of the bucket 3 is eliminated. When the piston 10 moves to the right, the valve 16 is closed, which ensures that fluid returns to the tank 5 is prevented After the bucket is filled, the tooth 9 and the piston 10 are returned to the initial 5 position; valve 14 closes, valve 16 opens. When lifting the bucket 3, turning the platform 6 to unload or downhole, the working fluid from the tank 5 flows by gravity through the hose 4 into the cavity of the cylinder 11. The valve 16 opens under the pressure of the fluid coming from the tank 5 located above the bucket 3.

The application of the proposed equipment provides an increase in the efficiency of liquid lubricant supplied directly through the holes in the bottom of the bucket, the absence of fluid loss for spraying and weathering, the absence of a pumping unit, an increase in the unloading rate of the bucket when operating on wet and sticky soils and during wintertime, which can provide increase excavator performance. An additional effect is in damping the shock loads that occur

5 when bucket teeth collide with solid inclusions in the ground, which protects the working equipment of the excavator from destruction and increases reliability.

Claims (2)

Formula of Invention The working equipment of a single-bucket excavator, including an arrow, a handle, a gear with teeth and flexible hoses connected to a fluid reservoir, is characterized by 5 by the fact that, in order to improve the performance of the excavator and prevent the soil from sticking and freezing to the inner surface of the bucket, the bucket is made with a cavity in the bottom closed with a microporous plate, and the bucket teeth are equipped with spring-loaded pistons, while the cavities under the piston are connected by means of a normally closed non-return valve with a cavity in the bottom of the bucket and by means of a normally open valve 5 with liquid reservoir. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR Author's Certificate No. 340745, cl. E02F3 / 40, 1972. 0 2. USSR author's certificate number 367260, cl. E 02F 3/40, 1973.