SU607168A1 - Draught gauge - Google Patents

Description

(54) SADCOMER

The invention relates to the field of meteorological instrument making and can be used in meteorological automatic stations. Existing precipitation gauges of direct accumulation of precipitation l are of little use for remote measurements due to the absence of reliable elements for the evacuation of precipitation (especially snow). Devices are known for detecting falling rain and snow and for measuring rainfall or snow intensity 2, in which accumulation of precipitation is absent and their effect is converted into an electrical signal used for remote measurement of precipitation parameters. The devices contain blocks that produce electrical pulses in the event of a laser beam interruption, as well as a block that converts a sound signal into an electrical signal and consists of a membrane and a microphone. Thus, the device presents itself as an optical-acoustic-electric device, which, however, has the following disadvantages: the possibility of optic opacification from precipitation, the effect of random vibro-noise, the complexity of measuring units, and the need for energy-intensive power supply by living. The closest to the invention to the technical essence is a device with a capacitive primary transducer processing and recording unit h. The instrumentation capacitor of the apparatus has first and second spaced electrodes, mounted coplanar with the surface exposed to atmospheric precipitation, which affect the dielectric constant of the capacitor by changing its capacitance. However, according to the degree of wetting of the surface, it is not possible to directly record the intensity of precipitation. In addition, the described device does not measure the temperature of precipitation, whereas it has been established that in actual conditions in the range from -3 ° C mixed precipitation takes place (rain and snow). The purpose of the invention is to expand the functionality of a precipitation gauge with a capacitive primary transducer. The goal is achieved by making a precipitation-sensitive element in the form of a sectioned winding of two insulated conductors forming a distributed capacitance. To measure the temperature, the winding conductors can be selected from metal (for example copper), the ohmic resistance of which depends on the ambient temperature.

FIG. 1 shows a two-section winding of a sensitive element with a partial cut-out; in fig. 2 - general functional scheme of the proposed precipitation gauge.

The sediment meter has a two-section winding of the primary converter (precipitation-sensitive element) 1, an input switching device 2, a meter 3, a power supply 4, a meter 5, a recorder 6 of precipitation parameters.

The device works as follows. Under the action of precipitation falling inside the winding, the dielectric constant of the capacitor formed by the two-section winding of the precipitation-sensitive element 1 increases, changing its capacitance. These changes through the input switching device 2 are converted in the meter 3 to pulses of one polarity and equal to the duration, but with a variable tracking frequency. With an increase in the intensity of precipitation, the frequency of the generated pulses increases, on the basis of which the precipitation intensity is recorded in recorder 6 (the amount of precipitation is proportional to the number of pulses during their fall). The appearance of the first impulse characterizes the onset of precipitation, and the absence of impulses in the measuring tract - the termination of precipitation.

The precipitation temperature is measured, one of the winding sections of the precipitation-sensitive element 1 through the input switching device 2 in the meter 5 by changing the winding resistance depending on the ambient temperature, and recorded in the recorder 6, and if the temperature drops below the other winding section, voltage is applied from the power supply source 4, the magnitude of the current which maintains the temperature of the precipitation-sensitive element 1 is about + 3.5 C.

With the intensity of mixed or solid precipitation, the possibility of sticking of the latter at the level of the upper surface of the precipitation-sensitive element-1 is not excluded, as a result of which the frequency of the following measured pulses increases above the set threshold value. The consequence of this is the connection of both, the winding section through the input switching device .2 to the power supply 4 for forced heating by electric current. After staining, and, consequently, reducing the frequency of the measurement of pulses below a set threshold level, the circuit is restored to the measurement mode.

The heater winding self-regulates the temperature: if it cools down with precipitating sediments, the winding resistance, naturally, decreases, and the heating current with a constant supply voltage increases, increasing the winding temperature.

The proposed device allows to measure the parameters of liquid, solid and mixed precipitation: intensity, quantity and temperature, as well as their duration; therefore, the primary converter in the form of a two-section winding with its simplicity fulfills a multifunctional purpose, ensuring reliability of operation under the influence of various precipitates, the parameters of which measured remotely.

Claims (2)

1. A flow meter, mainly for remote measurements, containing a capacitive primary transducer, signal processing units and a recorder characterized in that, in order to expand the functionality of the device, in it the primary transducer is implemented as sectional winding with a distributed capacitance formed by two insulated conductors, the ohmic resistance of which depends on temperature. 2. Osadkomer under item 1, about tl and h anem isolate u and with the fact that in The main conductors of the winding are made of copper. Sources of information taken into account in the examination: 1. Authors certificate of the USSR 482705, cl. GOlWl / i4. 1975. 2. US Patent No. 3882381, cl. 73-170, 1974.